This document discusses feeding systems and nutrient requirements for swine. It describes the three main feeding systems for pigs as extensive/scavenging, semi-intensive/semi-scavenging, and intensive. It outlines the nutrient requirements for pigs at different growth phases according to sources like NRC and BIS. The document provides recommended ingredient compositions for starter, grower, and finisher diets. It also discusses feeding recommendations for different pig stages like creep feeding, weaning, gestating and lactating sows, and use of unconventional feedstuffs in pig rations.

1. DSVC KAMDHENU VISHWAVIDAYALAYA, DURG
ASSIGNMENT
ON
Feeding of Swine
Submitted by:
Dinesh Pratap Singh
M.V.SC 1st year
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
COLLEGE OF VETERINARY SCIENCE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY,
ANJORA, DURG (C.G)

2. Introduction:-
• Pigs are meat producing, monogastric omnivore livestock animals.
• They have high efficacy of feed conversion into high quality pork.
• The total pigs in the country is 9.6 million in the current census.

3. Feeding system:-
Pigs are reared under scavenging system, semis-cavenging & intensive
feeding system of production.
1). Extensive system/ scavenging system-
Major population comprises of many indigenous breed are reared under free
range scavenging system with little or no input.

4. 2)-Semi intensive/ semi scavenging system-
• Indigenous & crossbreed pigs are also reared under semi intensive system
wherein they are allowed to scavenge for the whole day and receive kitchen
waste , rice bran, wheat bran & broken wheat (dalia), after their return.

5. 3)- Intensive system-
• At commercial level exotic & cross breed are reared with concentrate feed,
kitchen waste, cereal byproducts & vegetable waste etc.

6. Nutrient requirement of pigs:-
• Growing pigs are fed as per different growth phases depending upon age and
body weight.
• NRC (1998) suggested six growing stages (3-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-50, 50-80 & 80-
120 kg) for pigs.
• For Indian condition (Ranjhan,1981), recommended only three stages weaning(5-
12kg), growing (12-50kg) & finishing (50-100kg) up to 100kg body weight.
• BIS (1986) also recommended three phases for feeding of growing finishing pigs.
• Some other workers (Bhar,1998) prefer to feed grower ration up to 35kg body
weight & shifting to finisher ration thereafter.

7. • Nutrient requirement for pigs:- according to BIS (1986)
Characteristic Pig starter/creep
feed
Pig grower Pig finisher/
breeder
Moisture(%), min. 11 11 11
Crude protein(%),
min.
20 18 16
ME(%), max. 3360 3170 3170
Crude fiber(%), max. 5 6 8
Crude fat(%), min. 2 2 2
AIA(%), max. 4 4 4

8. Mineral requirements for pig feed:- according to BIS (1986)
Characteristic Pig starter/creep
feed
Pig grower Pig finisher/
breeder
Calcium(%), min. 0.6 0.6 0.6
Available
phosphorus(%), min.
0.6 0.4 0.5
Iron(mg/kg feed), min. 100 90 80
Copper(mg/kg), min. 8 6 6
Manganese(mg/kg),
min.
30 30 20
Zinc(mg/kg), min. 50 50 50
Common salt(%), max. 0.5 0.5 0.5

9. Ingredient composition for Starter, Grower & Finisher diets for pigs acc. To BIS
1986:-
Feedstuff Starter/Creep diet,
(CP-20% & ME-
3370)
Grower diet, (CP-
18% & ME-3170)
Finisher diet, (CP-
16% & ME-3170)
Maize 60 55 -
Jowar - - 57
Bajra - - -
GNC 20 13 8
DORB 8 23 26
Fish meal 10 7 5
Mineral mixture &
salt
2 2 2
Vitamins (A,B2,D3
& B comp.)
25 g/100kg 25 g/100 kg 25 g/100kg

10. Creep feed:-
• Creep (pre-starter) feeding system is essential for sucking piglets for faster
growth and attain their satisfactory weaning weight.
• Piglets are weaned at 6 week of age in western country and at 8 week of
age in India under intensive feeding system.
• Creep mixtures are introduced at 7-14 days of age and are fed till weaning.
Crude protein(%), min. 20 (acc. To BIS 1986)
ME (kcal/kg), min. 3265 (acc to NRC 1998)

11. • Piglets fed on creep ration attain 12-15 kg body weight at 8 weeks of age.
• During suckling period piglets are more prone to anemia, creep feed is
generally mixed with ferrous sulphate at the ratio of 9:1 to prevent anemia.

12. Ingredient composition of weaner piglet ration (up to 15 kg)
Ingredient composition (%) In 100 part of feed
Maize 2
Maize gluten meal 48.7
Soyabean meal 4
Rice kunda 3
DORB 10
Rice polish 9
Fishmeal 8
Mustard cake 6
Limestone powder 0.8
Salt 0.3
Lysine 0.025

13. Grower ration:-
• After creep feed on attainment of 12-15 kg of body weight at 8 week of
age piglets are shifted on grower ration.
• At this stage pigs consume considerably more feed and attain 12-50kg bd
wt.
• Grower ration should have 18% CP and 3170 kcal/kg ME value.

14. Finisher/breeder ration:-
• On attainment of grower body weight (35-50 kg) pigs are switched over to
finisher ration.
• Finisher ration should contain 16% CP and 3170 kcal/kg ME value.
• For the indigenous pigs slaughter at about 45-50 kg was recommended
(AICRP on pigs, IVRI, 1993).
• Pigs grow 5 time of birth weight in 3 weeks and 700 g/day so they can
attain 100 kg of body weight in 143days.
• Breeder pig required finisher ration with higher level of vitamins.

15. Feeding of pregnant saws:-
Feeding of pregnant sows recommend as breeder pigs but feed offered
needs to be restricted to 2-2.5 kg/day, because higher quantity of feed
may lead to embryonic mortality.
Ration should contain 16% CP and 3000 kcal/kg ME value with 0.7% lysine.
Feeding of lactating sows:-
• It should be offered additional feed for early recovery of the body
condition (body weight loss) and for milk production.
• For a lactating gilt 2.0 kg of meal with 0.2kg meal per piglet in the litter
may be sufficient to meet nutrient requirement (Ranjhan, 1981).

16. Flushing ration:-
A well balanced high protein ration before breeding is required for flushing
to obtain greater litter size & body weight.
This ration is given to gilt or sows, 15 days before mating to proper
conceiving.
During gestation period sows are fed on restricted feeding (2-3 kg) without
getting them over fat.
On the day of farrowing, 250g of wheat bran could be offered for proper
lactation.

17. Feeding of piglets:-
1)-Colostrum feeding – It is first milk and an essential source of energy,
nutrients & immunity for the piglets.
• It is important to maximise colostrum intake in the first six hours after birth
(150-280 ml/kg of birth).

18. 2)- Milk replacer:- A milk replacer for piglets is good solution to supply
piglets with extra nutrients and energy, when sow milk supply is not
sufficient.
• The ingredient of milk replacer should be of higher quality and easily
digestible since we are feeding of young one.
Common ingredient in pig milk replacer:- Cow milk
Whey powder
Lactose
Coconut oil
Soya protein concentrate
Spray dried plasma protein

19. Urea as a nitrogen source in pig fed diet:-
• Utilization of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) is well documented in ruminants
due to their microbial digestion ability.
• Monogastric species are less adequately equipped to utilize dietary NPN
compounds due to poor microbial fermentation.
• It has been suggested by Kornegay et al. (1965) that 1% urea can be utilized
by pigs for replacement of essential amino acids.
• An amino acid imbalance was observed when 0.5% lysine added to diet
which containing 2% urea, it was overcome by supplementing the diet with
tryptophan and methionine.

20. Use of unconventional feed stuff in pig ration:-
• Feed cost of pig production usually account for nearly 60-70% of the total
production cost.
• It is extremely important that economical as well nutritionally balanced diet
are provided during all stages of production.
Common available unconventional feedstuff:-
1)-Sweet potato- fed as energy source in pig ration.
2)-Pineapple waste- waste obtaining after squieezing juice contain 5% CP
and also fed as energy source.

21. 3)-Tapioca waste- it can be used as energy source in ration up to 5-10%.
4)-De-caffeinated tea waste- It contain about 7.5% DCP and can be used up
to 10% in concentrate feed.
5)-Garbage waste- wastes from hotel, hostels, kitchen & agricultural wastes
can be used in pig ration, before feeding waste should be boiled properly.

22. THANK YOU