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This document discusses feeding strategies for high-yielding dairy cows. It notes that milk is synthesized from nutrients absorbed from the bloodstream. High yielders are defined as cows producing over 20 kg/day or buffaloes over 15 kg/day. Feeding strategies for high yielders include providing extra rations of high-quality roughage and concentrates, gradually increasing concentrates, and maintaining 14% crude protein. Challenge feeding involves increasing concentrates before calving to prepare cows for high milk production. Minerals like calcium, phosphorus and magnesium are also important to meet requirements and prevent issues like milk fever. Buffers help maintain rumen pH for optimal fiber digestion and milk fat levels.
The document discusses transition cow management, which refers to the three weeks before and after calving. This is an important period as the cow's metabolism and nutrient demands dramatically increase. How the cow copes during this transition period will impact her performance for the rest of the lactation cycle. The document outlines the goals, stages, and feeding recommendations for transition cows. It emphasizes the importance of meeting calcium and energy demands through close-up rations with proper DCAD levels to minimize health issues in fresh cows.
Nutrition Programs for the Heat Stressed Herd- Jose SantosDAIReXNET
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This document discusses nutrition strategies for dairy cows under heat stress. It notes that heat stress reduces feed intake, milk production, and reproductive performance in dairy cows. It also increases body temperature and respiration rate. To help mitigate these impacts, the document recommends increasing feeding frequency, focusing on energy dense diets lower in fiber, and manipulating minerals like sodium bicarbonate in feed and water. Maintaining proper rumen pH and function is important as heat stress can increase the risk of ruminal acidosis.
This document provides a review of transition cow management. It was produced by Dairy Australia and authored by Ian Lean and Peter DeGaris. The transition period, defined as the 4 weeks before and after calving, is a time of increased disease risk as cows undergo metabolic adaptations to lactation. An integrated nutritional approach is needed to optimize rumen function, calcium and bone metabolism, energy metabolism, protein metabolism, and immune function during this period. This helps establish a successful lactation and improves cow health and productivity.
Nutrition is the foundation of good production in small ruminants like sheep and goats. Nutrient requirements depend on several factors including species, size, age, stage of production, level of production like number of fetuses, and climate. Younger and smaller animals require a more nutrient dense diet compared to mature larger animals. Animals in late gestation and lactation have higher energy and mineral needs. Higher producing animals have greater nutritional demands. Proper nutrition is key to optimal health, growth and productivity of small ruminants.
The main feedstuffs fed to cattle include: grass, hay, grain, silage and total mixed ration. There are in fact, many types of feeds that can be fed to cattle, for example, crumbles, meals, coarse mix and pellets made from raw material such as corn, wheat, soybean. In this article, Elena Forbes of Azeus Machinery takes a closer look at the processes involved in creating a good quality pellet. With the global demand for cattle feed ever increasing, the need to produce high quality and nutritionally balanced feed has become an essential issue in the feed market.
Feeding Dry Dairy Cows Lower Energy DietsDAIReXNET
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Dr. Heather Dann presented this information for DAIReXNET. Learn about the importance of transition cow management, and how feeding lower-energy transition diets could benefit a herd. From monitoring intake to coordinating various diets, Dr. Dann offers insights into setting cows up for success in their next lactation. Available on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImX7bVlfdSo
This document discusses feeding strategies for high-yielding dairy cows. It notes that milk is synthesized from nutrients absorbed from the bloodstream. High yielders are defined as cows producing over 20 kg/day or buffaloes over 15 kg/day. Feeding strategies for high yielders include providing extra rations of high-quality roughage and concentrates, gradually increasing concentrates, and maintaining 14% crude protein. Challenge feeding involves increasing concentrates before calving to prepare cows for high milk production. Minerals like calcium, phosphorus and magnesium are also important to meet requirements and prevent issues like milk fever. Buffers help maintain rumen pH for optimal fiber digestion and milk fat levels.
The document discusses transition cow management, which refers to the three weeks before and after calving. This is an important period as the cow's metabolism and nutrient demands dramatically increase. How the cow copes during this transition period will impact her performance for the rest of the lactation cycle. The document outlines the goals, stages, and feeding recommendations for transition cows. It emphasizes the importance of meeting calcium and energy demands through close-up rations with proper DCAD levels to minimize health issues in fresh cows.
Nutrition Programs for the Heat Stressed Herd- Jose SantosDAIReXNET
Â
This document discusses nutrition strategies for dairy cows under heat stress. It notes that heat stress reduces feed intake, milk production, and reproductive performance in dairy cows. It also increases body temperature and respiration rate. To help mitigate these impacts, the document recommends increasing feeding frequency, focusing on energy dense diets lower in fiber, and manipulating minerals like sodium bicarbonate in feed and water. Maintaining proper rumen pH and function is important as heat stress can increase the risk of ruminal acidosis.
This document provides a review of transition cow management. It was produced by Dairy Australia and authored by Ian Lean and Peter DeGaris. The transition period, defined as the 4 weeks before and after calving, is a time of increased disease risk as cows undergo metabolic adaptations to lactation. An integrated nutritional approach is needed to optimize rumen function, calcium and bone metabolism, energy metabolism, protein metabolism, and immune function during this period. This helps establish a successful lactation and improves cow health and productivity.
Nutrition is the foundation of good production in small ruminants like sheep and goats. Nutrient requirements depend on several factors including species, size, age, stage of production, level of production like number of fetuses, and climate. Younger and smaller animals require a more nutrient dense diet compared to mature larger animals. Animals in late gestation and lactation have higher energy and mineral needs. Higher producing animals have greater nutritional demands. Proper nutrition is key to optimal health, growth and productivity of small ruminants.
The main feedstuffs fed to cattle include: grass, hay, grain, silage and total mixed ration. There are in fact, many types of feeds that can be fed to cattle, for example, crumbles, meals, coarse mix and pellets made from raw material such as corn, wheat, soybean. In this article, Elena Forbes of Azeus Machinery takes a closer look at the processes involved in creating a good quality pellet. With the global demand for cattle feed ever increasing, the need to produce high quality and nutritionally balanced feed has become an essential issue in the feed market.
Feeding Dry Dairy Cows Lower Energy DietsDAIReXNET
Â
Dr. Heather Dann presented this information for DAIReXNET. Learn about the importance of transition cow management, and how feeding lower-energy transition diets could benefit a herd. From monitoring intake to coordinating various diets, Dr. Dann offers insights into setting cows up for success in their next lactation. Available on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImX7bVlfdSo
This document discusses the nutrient requirements of sheep and goats. It begins by describing the ruminant digestive system and how it processes different types of feeds. It then discusses the five essential nutrients required by sheep and goats: water, energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins. For each nutrient, it provides details on sources, requirements, and factors that can affect requirements. The document emphasizes that nutrient requirements vary based on species, size, stage of production, production level, and other environmental factors. It concludes with steps for balancing rations to meet animal nutrient needs.
The document provides information on managing dry cows through their dry period in 3 phases to maintain body condition and health for optimal subsequent milk production. It discusses feeding dry cows balanced diets with adequate forages and minimal grains to avoid metabolic disorders while maintaining energy reserves. Special care is needed around calving to gradually transition diets and allow mammary adaptation through a normal dry period of around 60 days.
This document summarizes key aspects of managing the transition period for high-yielding dairy cows. The transition period is 4 weeks before and after calving and is a time of increased health risks. Feeding a balanced transition diet is important to reduce risks of diseases like milk fever and ketosis. The transition diet should gradually increase energy and protein while decreasing fiber to support intake and metabolism without disrupting the rumen. Minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium and the dietary cation-anion difference must be carefully managed to prevent milk fever. Commercial transition supplements can help achieve these nutrient balances and support a smooth transition to lactation.
Far Off To Fresh Cow- Opportunities to Improve Transition PerformanceDAIReXNET
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Dr. mike Overton presented this information for DAIReXENT on Monday, March 18, 2013. For more information, please see our archived webinars page at www.extension.org/pages/15830/archived-dairy-cattle-webinars.
This document discusses precision feeding in dairy cattle. It defines precision feeding as meeting nutrient requirements with maximum precision to ensure efficient and safe production while minimizing environmental pollution. Precision feeding involves phase feeding, with different dietary formulations for early, mid, and late lactation. Key aspects of precision feeding discussed include improving nitrogen use efficiency, reducing methane emissions, and using additives to maintain rumen health and increase nutrient utilization.
Heat treatment and chemical treatments can increase the bypass protein content of feed ingredients fed to ruminants. Heat treatment through processes like autoclaving can increase the rumen undegraded protein fraction by denaturing proteins and forming protein-carbohydrate complexes. Chemical treatments using formaldehyde or lignosulfonate can also increase rumen undegraded protein by forming cross-links between amino acids or precipitating protein respectively, making it less susceptible to microbial breakdown in the rumen. The level of treatment and feed ingredient impacts the effectiveness at increasing bypass protein for ruminant digestion and nutrition.
1) Heat stress above 85°F reduces dairy cow milk production and causes milk fat depression. High humidity exacerbates these effects.
2) Heat stress has profound negative impacts on a dairy cow's appetite, current and future milk production, and milk fat production.
3) To help dairy cows during heat stress, farmers should feed cows more frequently using TMR during cooler parts of the day, add sodium bicarbonate and minerals to diets, and provide plenty of cool, clean water and shade.
This document discusses the effects of body condition on dairy cow performance. It summarizes that body condition scoring is a useful tool for herd nutrition and health management. Body condition influences milk production, dry matter intake, reproduction, and health of cows. Cows should maintain an appropriate body condition throughout lactation to maximize performance and minimize health risks like ketosis or lameness. The ideal body condition score varies at different stages of lactation.
Poster prepared by Phyllis Ndung’u, Peter Kirui and Linus Kiprotich at the Farmers’ Workshop, Nandi and Bomet counties, Kenya, 5–10 February 2018
Rumen bypass protein, also called rumen escape or undegradable protein, refers to the portion of protein in animal feed that is not broken down or digested in the rumen by microbes. Rumen bypass or "protected" fats are dry fats processed to be easily handled and mixed into animal feeds that are insoluble at rumen body temperature and thus bypass digestion in the rumen. Protected nutrient technology protects feed nutrients like protein and fat from degradation in the rumen so they can bypass to the lower gastrointestinal tract and provide amino acids and other nutrients to animals.
The document discusses keys to a successful total mixed ration (TMR) feeding program for dairy cows. It covers ration formulation, mixing the TMR, feeding the cows, and forage management. Proper formulation of rations balanced for cow nutrient requirements is essential. Accurate mixing and consistent delivery of the TMR each day is important to meet cow needs and maximize production and health. Good communication between technical experts and farm managers helps ensure the feeding program runs effectively.
Gut health refers to the proper functioning of the digestive tract. Key aspects of gut health include gut development, microflora, digestion, and the immune system. Poor gut health can negatively impact growth, production, and immunity in poultry. Maintaining gut health involves proper feeding, temperature control, access to water and feed, and limiting antibiotic use. Supplements like probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, and phytobiotics can enhance gut health by supporting beneficial microflora and inhibiting pathogens. Optimizing gut health is important for efficient growth, production, and overall health in commercial poultry.
1. Proper ration formulation for dairy animals is important to optimize their milk production, reproduction and health. Rations should meet the animals' nutrient needs during different stages and account for factors like milk yield, body weight and forage quality.
2. Balanced rations can improve digestibility, increase milk yield and fat-corrected milk, enhance feed efficiency and reduce production costs. Special care is needed when formulating rations for high producing animals and those in transition periods.
3. Feeding calves requires proper colostrum and liquid feeding initially, followed by transition to solid feed like calf starter to support growth and rumen development. A structured feeding schedule tailored to the calf's age and needs optimizes its
Dry cow and heifer management is important for reducing calving problems and optimizing productivity. A farmer should select sires known for easy calving, especially for heifers, to avoid difficulties. Heifers are more vulnerable as their birth canals are stretching for the first time. Underfeeding dry cows and heifers does not result in smaller calves but impacts the health and productivity of the mother after calving. Proper feeding, management, and attention in the period before and after calving is crucial for health and performance.
The document discusses feeding practices for dogs and cats. It describes common feedstuffs used for dogs including meat, dairy products, eggs, cereals, fats and oils, and vegetables. It also discusses types of dog food such as dry food, semi-moist food, and canned food. The document provides feeding schedules and recommendations for puppies and dogs of different ages and sizes. It also discusses home-made food options and compares the nutritional needs of cats versus dogs.
The document discusses feeding practices for livestock in India. It notes that feeding accounts for 70% of total livestock production costs. Major constraints to feeding include scarcity of quality feed resources and imbalanced feeding. The document recommends strategies like precision feeding, using protected nutrients like bypass protein and fat, area-specific mineral mixtures, feed processing techniques like silage and complete feed blocks. It provides feeding schedules and formulations for dairy cattle, poultry and laying hens. The document emphasizes adopting the right feeding strategies tailored to individual animal needs for economical and sustainable livestock production.
This document discusses lamb and kid nutrition over four phases: fetal, neonatal, nursing/suckling, and growing/finishing. It provides details on the importance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy for fetal development. Colostrum production and intake is critical for newborn lambs and kids. Creep feeding or grazing can boost growth rates during the nursing period. Different options for growing/finishing lambs and kids are discussed, along with their pros and cons. Nutrient requirements vary depending on factors like age, sex and growth goals. Overall nutrition management should be tailored to individual farm/flock conditions.
Manure Evaluation: Key To Nutrition And Herd Health.pptAzerbaijan
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This document discusses evaluating dairy cow manure as a way to understand rumen function and digestion. Manure evaluation can indicate whether changes need to be made to the cow's diet formulation. Fermentation in the rumen and hindgut produces organic acids, microbial protein, and gases. Insufficient fiber intake can lead to acidosis and poor digestion seen in manure. Proper particle size and effective fiber are important for rumination, buffering, and manure characteristics. Certain feed ingredients or moldy feeds may cause diarrhea visible in manure.
Factors affecting quality and quantity of milk in dairy cattleDr. IRSHAD A
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The document summarizes factors that affect the quantity and quality of milk produced by dairy cattle. It discusses physiological factors like breed, age, lactation stage, and environmental factors like nutrition, climate, and management practices. Higher quality milk has a lower somatic cell count and bacterial content. Milk quantity is most impacted by breed, age, lactation stage, dry period length, calving season, and nutrition. Milk composition varies by genetic factors, breed, lactation stage, milking practices, season, and health issues like mastitis.
This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to animal nutrition in its seventh edition. It covers the key topics of the components of foods, digestion and metabolism of nutrients, quantifying the nutrient content of foods, the nutrient requirements of animals, and the nutritional characteristics of foods. The book also discusses the contribution of animal products to human nutrition. It is intended as a core text for undergraduate students studying animal science, veterinary science, agriculture, biology and biochemistry.
This document discusses the nutrient requirements of sheep and goats. It begins by describing the ruminant digestive system and how it processes different types of feeds. It then discusses the five essential nutrients required by sheep and goats: water, energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins. For each nutrient, it provides details on sources, requirements, and factors that can affect requirements. The document emphasizes that nutrient requirements vary based on species, size, stage of production, production level, and other environmental factors. It concludes with steps for balancing rations to meet animal nutrient needs.
The document provides information on managing dry cows through their dry period in 3 phases to maintain body condition and health for optimal subsequent milk production. It discusses feeding dry cows balanced diets with adequate forages and minimal grains to avoid metabolic disorders while maintaining energy reserves. Special care is needed around calving to gradually transition diets and allow mammary adaptation through a normal dry period of around 60 days.
This document summarizes key aspects of managing the transition period for high-yielding dairy cows. The transition period is 4 weeks before and after calving and is a time of increased health risks. Feeding a balanced transition diet is important to reduce risks of diseases like milk fever and ketosis. The transition diet should gradually increase energy and protein while decreasing fiber to support intake and metabolism without disrupting the rumen. Minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium and the dietary cation-anion difference must be carefully managed to prevent milk fever. Commercial transition supplements can help achieve these nutrient balances and support a smooth transition to lactation.
Far Off To Fresh Cow- Opportunities to Improve Transition PerformanceDAIReXNET
Â
Dr. mike Overton presented this information for DAIReXENT on Monday, March 18, 2013. For more information, please see our archived webinars page at www.extension.org/pages/15830/archived-dairy-cattle-webinars.
This document discusses precision feeding in dairy cattle. It defines precision feeding as meeting nutrient requirements with maximum precision to ensure efficient and safe production while minimizing environmental pollution. Precision feeding involves phase feeding, with different dietary formulations for early, mid, and late lactation. Key aspects of precision feeding discussed include improving nitrogen use efficiency, reducing methane emissions, and using additives to maintain rumen health and increase nutrient utilization.
Heat treatment and chemical treatments can increase the bypass protein content of feed ingredients fed to ruminants. Heat treatment through processes like autoclaving can increase the rumen undegraded protein fraction by denaturing proteins and forming protein-carbohydrate complexes. Chemical treatments using formaldehyde or lignosulfonate can also increase rumen undegraded protein by forming cross-links between amino acids or precipitating protein respectively, making it less susceptible to microbial breakdown in the rumen. The level of treatment and feed ingredient impacts the effectiveness at increasing bypass protein for ruminant digestion and nutrition.
1) Heat stress above 85°F reduces dairy cow milk production and causes milk fat depression. High humidity exacerbates these effects.
2) Heat stress has profound negative impacts on a dairy cow's appetite, current and future milk production, and milk fat production.
3) To help dairy cows during heat stress, farmers should feed cows more frequently using TMR during cooler parts of the day, add sodium bicarbonate and minerals to diets, and provide plenty of cool, clean water and shade.
This document discusses the effects of body condition on dairy cow performance. It summarizes that body condition scoring is a useful tool for herd nutrition and health management. Body condition influences milk production, dry matter intake, reproduction, and health of cows. Cows should maintain an appropriate body condition throughout lactation to maximize performance and minimize health risks like ketosis or lameness. The ideal body condition score varies at different stages of lactation.
Poster prepared by Phyllis Ndung’u, Peter Kirui and Linus Kiprotich at the Farmers’ Workshop, Nandi and Bomet counties, Kenya, 5–10 February 2018
Rumen bypass protein, also called rumen escape or undegradable protein, refers to the portion of protein in animal feed that is not broken down or digested in the rumen by microbes. Rumen bypass or "protected" fats are dry fats processed to be easily handled and mixed into animal feeds that are insoluble at rumen body temperature and thus bypass digestion in the rumen. Protected nutrient technology protects feed nutrients like protein and fat from degradation in the rumen so they can bypass to the lower gastrointestinal tract and provide amino acids and other nutrients to animals.
The document discusses keys to a successful total mixed ration (TMR) feeding program for dairy cows. It covers ration formulation, mixing the TMR, feeding the cows, and forage management. Proper formulation of rations balanced for cow nutrient requirements is essential. Accurate mixing and consistent delivery of the TMR each day is important to meet cow needs and maximize production and health. Good communication between technical experts and farm managers helps ensure the feeding program runs effectively.
Gut health refers to the proper functioning of the digestive tract. Key aspects of gut health include gut development, microflora, digestion, and the immune system. Poor gut health can negatively impact growth, production, and immunity in poultry. Maintaining gut health involves proper feeding, temperature control, access to water and feed, and limiting antibiotic use. Supplements like probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, and phytobiotics can enhance gut health by supporting beneficial microflora and inhibiting pathogens. Optimizing gut health is important for efficient growth, production, and overall health in commercial poultry.
1. Proper ration formulation for dairy animals is important to optimize their milk production, reproduction and health. Rations should meet the animals' nutrient needs during different stages and account for factors like milk yield, body weight and forage quality.
2. Balanced rations can improve digestibility, increase milk yield and fat-corrected milk, enhance feed efficiency and reduce production costs. Special care is needed when formulating rations for high producing animals and those in transition periods.
3. Feeding calves requires proper colostrum and liquid feeding initially, followed by transition to solid feed like calf starter to support growth and rumen development. A structured feeding schedule tailored to the calf's age and needs optimizes its
Dry cow and heifer management is important for reducing calving problems and optimizing productivity. A farmer should select sires known for easy calving, especially for heifers, to avoid difficulties. Heifers are more vulnerable as their birth canals are stretching for the first time. Underfeeding dry cows and heifers does not result in smaller calves but impacts the health and productivity of the mother after calving. Proper feeding, management, and attention in the period before and after calving is crucial for health and performance.
The document discusses feeding practices for dogs and cats. It describes common feedstuffs used for dogs including meat, dairy products, eggs, cereals, fats and oils, and vegetables. It also discusses types of dog food such as dry food, semi-moist food, and canned food. The document provides feeding schedules and recommendations for puppies and dogs of different ages and sizes. It also discusses home-made food options and compares the nutritional needs of cats versus dogs.
The document discusses feeding practices for livestock in India. It notes that feeding accounts for 70% of total livestock production costs. Major constraints to feeding include scarcity of quality feed resources and imbalanced feeding. The document recommends strategies like precision feeding, using protected nutrients like bypass protein and fat, area-specific mineral mixtures, feed processing techniques like silage and complete feed blocks. It provides feeding schedules and formulations for dairy cattle, poultry and laying hens. The document emphasizes adopting the right feeding strategies tailored to individual animal needs for economical and sustainable livestock production.
This document discusses lamb and kid nutrition over four phases: fetal, neonatal, nursing/suckling, and growing/finishing. It provides details on the importance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy for fetal development. Colostrum production and intake is critical for newborn lambs and kids. Creep feeding or grazing can boost growth rates during the nursing period. Different options for growing/finishing lambs and kids are discussed, along with their pros and cons. Nutrient requirements vary depending on factors like age, sex and growth goals. Overall nutrition management should be tailored to individual farm/flock conditions.
Manure Evaluation: Key To Nutrition And Herd Health.pptAzerbaijan
Â
This document discusses evaluating dairy cow manure as a way to understand rumen function and digestion. Manure evaluation can indicate whether changes need to be made to the cow's diet formulation. Fermentation in the rumen and hindgut produces organic acids, microbial protein, and gases. Insufficient fiber intake can lead to acidosis and poor digestion seen in manure. Proper particle size and effective fiber are important for rumination, buffering, and manure characteristics. Certain feed ingredients or moldy feeds may cause diarrhea visible in manure.
Factors affecting quality and quantity of milk in dairy cattleDr. IRSHAD A
Â
The document summarizes factors that affect the quantity and quality of milk produced by dairy cattle. It discusses physiological factors like breed, age, lactation stage, and environmental factors like nutrition, climate, and management practices. Higher quality milk has a lower somatic cell count and bacterial content. Milk quantity is most impacted by breed, age, lactation stage, dry period length, calving season, and nutrition. Milk composition varies by genetic factors, breed, lactation stage, milking practices, season, and health issues like mastitis.
This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to animal nutrition in its seventh edition. It covers the key topics of the components of foods, digestion and metabolism of nutrients, quantifying the nutrient content of foods, the nutrient requirements of animals, and the nutritional characteristics of foods. The book also discusses the contribution of animal products to human nutrition. It is intended as a core text for undergraduate students studying animal science, veterinary science, agriculture, biology and biochemistry.
This document provides information on animal nutrition including the classification and composition of various feeds and fodders. It discusses summer and winter fodders as well as dry fodders. Several ration formulas are presented for dairy animals with different milk production levels. Feeding recommendations for calves including milk replacers and calf starters are also covered. The document concludes with discussions on feed supplements, mineral mixtures, baled rations, and health products.
This document discusses calf fattening in Pakistan. It notes the increasing demand for meat due to population growth, urbanization, and rising incomes. Per capita meat consumption in Pakistan has risen from 11 kg in 1983 to a projected 47 kg in 2020. The majority of beef production comes from traditional, inefficient systems involving young calves. The document advocates for commercial feedlot systems to finish calves on balanced diets to higher weights to produce quality beef. It provides details on feedlot design, selection of animals, feeding, and management. Feeding trials demonstrated growth rates of over 1 kg per day. Commercial feedlot systems can yield good profits but farmers must sell processed, high quality meat through organized markets.
Heat stress occurs in dairy cattle when the animal cannot dissipate enough heat to maintain its normal body temperature. The temperature humidity index (THI) is used to measure heat stress, with values above 68 indicating the start of heat stress and above 78 considered dangerous. High temperatures and humidity impair the cow's ability to cool through sweating and panting, reducing feed intake, milk production and fertility. Proper management through shade, cooling, and adjusting feeding times can help alleviate heat stress in dairy cattle.
This document provides an overview of dairy farming in the UK. It discusses that British dairy farmers produce 11 billion litres of milk per year from their herds of approximately 113 cows each. It also summarizes that dairy farmers prioritize cow health and welfare, use various housing and milking systems, and are taking steps to enhance the environment such as using manure for fertilizer and leaving areas for wildlife.
This document discusses nutritional strategies for sustainable dairy development. It explains that balanced nutrition is important for maintenance, reproduction, production and health of dairy cows. Both undernutrition and overnutrition can negatively impact fertility. Key nutritional factors that influence reproduction include energy, protein, minerals like phosphorus, copper, selenium, zinc, iodine, cobalt, and vitamins A and E. Maintaining proper mineral and vitamin levels is important for fertility and herd health. The document provides details on how deficiencies of various nutrients can delay puberty, reduce conception rates, and decrease milk production.
Nutrition in Animals discusses the seven major classes of nutrients needed by animals: carbohydrates, fats, fiber, minerals, protein, vitamins, and water. The document outlines the macronutrients that provide energy and structural material, as well as micronutrients required for other biological reasons. It also examines the specific molecular structures and roles of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fiber, and essential fatty acids in the animal diet.
This document provides an overview of milk and milk products. It discusses the composition of milk including water, fat, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. It also covers milk flavor, contamination issues, physical properties, nutritive value, and various milk products produced through processes like fermentation, evaporation, homogenization and more. The document concludes with a discussion of common milk products like cream, butter, cheese, yogurt and ice cream.
The document discusses establishing a dairy farm business in Varanasi, India. It provides details on the production, marketing, financials, operations, and human resource management of the dairy farm. Key points include producing over 125,000 liters of milk annually, earning over Rs. 30 lakhs in revenue, employing 7 people, and involving milking cows twice daily.
Animal nutrition involves consuming and utilizing food to provide essential nutrients. There are six essential nutrients - water, carbohydrates, lipids and fats, protein, minerals, and vitamins - needed to sustain life and support bodily functions like growth, reproduction, and lactation. Different diets are required depending on an animal's life stage, such as maintenance, growth, reproduction, lactation, or work, in order to supply the appropriate nutrients for that stage. A balanced diet must contain the proper amounts of all six essential nutrients.
This document discusses animal nutrition and digestion. It covers the basic needs of animals including nourishment, nutrients like protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals. It describes the digestive systems of monogastric animals like humans and horses, which have a single-compartment stomach, and ruminant animals like cows and goats which have a multi-compartment stomach and regurgitate food. Key nutrients are defined and food sources listed, as well as the roles of water, metabolism, and the importance of a balanced diet for proper health and growth.
Dairy farms require cows, grass, a cool climate, and milking machines. Dairy cows produce milk and need to eat healthy, fresh grass each day. The main dairy cow breeds in New Zealand are Friesians, Jerseys, and Ayrshires, which vary in size and daily milk production. New Zealand has ideal conditions for dairy farming with its cool climate that allows grass to grow year-round, providing food for the cows.
Basics of animal nutrition
Feeding the rumen microbes
We need:
Certain limiting amino acids (Lys, Met)
In a certain ratio (Lys 3 : 1 Met)
And normal feedstuffs don’t supply this:
Not enough
Not the right ratio
So we need to supplement them
We need RUP
Why you should care about extending the lifetime of your dairy cowsAntonella Strömberg
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This document discusses strategies to reduce involuntary culling of dairy cows. It notes that 30-45% of cows are replaced each year, with 70-80% of cullings being involuntary due to issues like mastitis, lameness, and fertility problems. This level of involuntary culling is costly to farmers. The document recommends several approaches to improve cow health and welfare, like ensuring adequate space, feed, and water for cows, in order to extend their productive lifetime in the herd from an average of 2.5 lactations to 3.5 lactations or more. Proper colostrum feeding and calf care from birth also impact future productivity. Implementing best practices around facilities, hygiene, comfort and
Lipids are a concentrated source of energy found in feed for dairy cows. They consist primarily of triglycerides made of glycerol bonded to three fatty acid chains. In the rumen, lipids are hydrolyzed into glycerol and fatty acids. Microbes hydrogenate unsaturated fatty acids. Excess lipids can inhibit fiber digestion. Hydrolyzed fatty acids pass through the small intestine where they are absorbed and transported to tissues as chylomicrons. Around 50% of milk fat comes from fatty acids absorbed from the intestine. The liver plays a role in metabolizing fatty acids, either using them for energy or converting excess amounts to ketones. Adding lipids to dairy rations in moderate amounts can increase energy
These products are categorized as Poultry Products, Cattle Feed Supplements and other Nutritional Supplements. You should concentrate on the nutritional need of the animals in order to protect them from any disease. You can find wide range of such products including Herbal Liver Tonic, Liquid Calcium Supplement, Mineral Mixture, Herbal Dewormer, Veterinary Bolus, Iron Tonic, Bypass Fat, Multivitamin, Milk Booster and much more. These Nutritional Supplements have their own benefits. Animal Health Care Products are required to maintain productivity, ensure good health and proper growth of the animals.
We are Veterinary Products Manufacturers. We have a range of Veterinary Products which play very important role in protecting and maintaining animal health.
This document describes several herbal supplements for poultry. It summarizes a supplement called "Breed Up" which contains herbs that are said to improve sex drive, fertility and hatchability in male breeders by enhancing the reproductive system and increasing secretion of sex glands. The formulation contains Withania somniferous, Tribulus terrestris, Mucuna pruiens, Curculigo orchioides, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Myristica fragrans. It is claimed to increase sexual behavior, sperm quality and quantity, fertility and frequency of mating in male breeders.
This document provides information on various supplements and additives for pigs, including their composition, advantages, administration, and presentation. Some key products summarized are:
- PROCIAC: A probiotic supplement containing various probiotic bacteria strains and dextrose to maintain digestive tract microflora, improve digestion and growth.
- STRESIN-P: Contains vitamins, minerals and sugars to prevent heat stress and dehydration in pigs.
- FATCAL: Contains medium chain fatty acids and calcium formate to improve intestinal health and feed digestion.
CATTLE RANGE OF PRODUCTS by Rajesh KumarRajesh Kumar
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Ayurvet's CALDHAN V is a liquid calcium and phosphorus supplement for dairy cattle with vitamins D3 and B12. It contains 2000 mg of calcium, 1000 mg of phosphorus, 8000 IU of vitamin D3, and 100 mcg of vitamin B12 per 100 ml. When used along with VITADHAN multivitamin supplement, it can help overcome stress and decrease in dairy production. RESTOBAL is an herbal immunomodulator and antistressor that improves resistance to disease and stress. PAYAPRO is an herbal galactogogue that can help treat hypogalactia and agalatia and increase milk production when used as an adjuvant therapy for mastitis
feed aditives, their classification, mode of action & use in ruminantsDr. Waqas Nawaz
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1. Optivita Optivita
DAIRY
NUTRITION
MANAGEMENT
A division of
2. Lifetime Performance
Getting cattle back to calving is a major objective for all dairy farmers.
One of the major problem farmers face today is that the modern dairy
cows display less signs of heat. Delayed conception is a drain on profits.
Composition
Omega-3 fatty acids along with vital elemental trace minerals like Copper, Cobalt, Zinc,
Managanese, Iron & Iodine along with Essential Vitamins A, D3 & E for efficient reproduction
in dairy cattle.
Overcare has shown to
have a positive effect Increased oestrogen Increased
on reproductive around ovulation, progesterone levels
performance by resulting in stronger after fertilization,
improving follicle expression of resulting in better
quality in the ovary oestrus behaviour embryo survival
leading to :
Indications
Anoestrus
Sub estrus
Repeat Breeding
Infertility associated with nutritional deficiencies
Advantages
Revitalizes reproductive organs
Assures quality of oocytes
Influences follicular growth
Increases progesterone secreting ability of corpus luteum
Repairs and strengthens uterine lining for easy implantation
Dosage
25-50 gm daily
Packing
500 gm
3. Optimum Milk Yield
The modern dairy cow is expected to provide high yields of milk & remain
healthy. Maximizing milk output & feed efficiency are top priorities for milk
producers.
Composition
Each 1Kg contains :
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae 200 x 109 C.F.U., Asparagus 32 gms, Leptadaenia 6 gms
Seaflora 80 gms, Vitamin A 400000 I.U., Vitamin D3 80000 I.U., Vitamin B2 1000mcg
Biotin 1250 mcg, Calcium 120gms, Phosphorous 60gms
Stimulates the
Replenishes Boosts milk Reconditions
physiological
nutrients that production & udder &
process of
are drained helps to improves
lactation &
through milk maintain it milk holding
smoothens
production at higher levels capacity
letting down
Indications
Hypoglactia
Aglactia
Irregular or suppressed lactation
Milk letting down disturbances
Advantages
Stimulates Glandular function & helps letting down naturally
Improves enzymes & hormonal secretion necessary for milk production
Provides relief in summers
Maximizes number of days in lactation
Dosage
50-100 gm daily
Packing
1 kg.
4. Optimum Udder Nutrition
Clinical & Sub-clinical mastitis causes a major drain in profitability.
Mastitis is particularly acute in early lactation when the cattle are producing
more milk and are under the greatest physiological stress with their
immune system naturally suppressed.
Composition Each 50 gm contains
Live Yeast culture 100000 Billion C.F.U., Lacto bacillus 200 Million C.F.U., Tri Sodium Citrate 25 gm
Copper 1.2gm, Cobalt 50 mg, Zinc 500 mg, Manganese 4 gm, Selenium 4 mg, Vitamin A 50000 I.U.
Vitamin D310000I.U., Vitamin E 1000I.U., Vitamin K 10 mg, Vitamin B1 200 mg, Vitamin B2 200 mg
Pantothenic Acid 50 mg, Biotin 20 mg, Niacin 2 gm, D.L.-Methionine 5 gm, Lysine 2 gm,
Aloe Vera 200 mg, Asparagus 200 mg, Leptadaenia 200 mg, Azadirachta Indica 400 mg,
Ocimum Sanctum 200 mg
Normalises Prevents the Synthesis keratin
the pH damage of which lines the Reduces the
from alkaline mammary inner side of teat duration of
epithelium & canal & improves
to neutral subsequent mastitis in
i.e. its structural infected cows
leakage of blood
bicarbonates integrity
7 to 6.5
Indications
Sub-clinical mastitis
Adjunct to antibiotic therapy in clinical mastitis
Post-antibiotic treatment to initiate milk production
Advantages
Corrects pH of the milk
Reduces the incidence of mammary infections
Improves the facilitation of white blood cells, the front line in fighting infections
Reduces somatic cell count
Improves immune response
Dosage
Dissolve 50 gm powder in 250ml water or mix with jaggery for single
administration for 3-4 consecutive days
Packing
50 gm.
5. Tool to Control Pathogens
Farmers have a long history of supplementing the forage-based diet for cattle
with concentrates. Farmers develop diets for their livestock largely according
to custom and practice. The performance of ruminant animals relies on a
combination of efficient use of grass and grass products, good livestock
management and appropriate use of complementary concentrated feed.
The diets offered to the animal depends on its age.
Composition A proprietary blend of Probiotics, Yeast, M.O.S., Biotin and Vitamin E
Lactobacillus Acidilophillus Bacillus Subtillis
Probiotics Lactobacillus Sporogenes Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Mono-Oligo Fermented product of yeast which contains various
metabolites & betaglucans which act as toxin binder,
Saccharide pathogen binder & immunomodulators.
Drastically Improves Improvement
reduces intestinal health of daily Improves
the Salmonella and prevents growth performance
and E.coli load diarrhoea and FCR
in the intestine
Indications Advantages
Post antibiotic therapy Helps to normal physiological function
Stunted growth Helps to maintain normal health & production
Microbial disturbances Gut bio-regulation and competitive exclusion
Lower productivity Stimulates the immune system
Dosage
5-10 gm per animal per day or
500 gm per ton of feed regularly
Packing
100 gm, 1 kg. & 25 kg.
6. Optimum Rumen Functioning
Modern dairy intensive production system involves a high level of
concentrate to fulfill the energy needed by the lactating animals in order to
maximize milk production. Such a feeding regimen & diet predispose
animal rumen to dysfunction.
Composition Each 125 gm contains :
Calcium Propionate 60 gm, Methionine 5 gm, Cobalt Gluconate 40 mg, Vitamin B6 40 mg,
Picrorhiza Dry Extract 250 mg, Dextrose Anhydrous 53.5 gm.
Proven & cost Restore Normalize Lowers lactic
effective way to rumen micro-flora & acid build
up thus
maximize the motility in prevents
overcomes
rumen force & hypo-glycaemic acidosis
performance frequency conditions & indigestion
Indications
Non-specific Anorexia
Chronic Indigestion
Prolonged inappetance
Hypo-gylcaemic conditions
Advantages
Stimulates micro-flora activity and improves appetite
Corrects ruminal atony
Takes care of the dietry-change effects
Reduces incidences of metabolic disorders
Dosage
Adult Cattle : 125 gms at 12 hr. interval
Young Cattle : 1/2 pouch once or twice daily
Packing
125 gm.
7. Improves Liver Functioning
The liver is a vital organ. It has a wide range of functions, including glycogen storage,
decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, hormone production, and
detoxification & production of biochemicals necessary for digestion
Composition Each 30 ml contains
Ferrous Gluconate 200 mg, Ferric Ammonium Citrate 83.5 mg, Calcium Lactate 300 mg,
M.H.A.1500 mg, Thiamine Hydrochloride 5 mg, Riboflavine 5 mg, Nicotinic Acid 20 mg,
Nicotinamide 45 mg, Vitamin B12 60 mcg, Liver Fraction-2 150 mg.
(Derived from 3.75 gm. of Fresh Liver)
Regulate Fewer
Increase Restore
Hepatic disease
Haemoglobin Ruminal
Microsomal associated
Production Activity
Enzymes losses
Indications
Anorexia & Anaemia
Depressed Liver Activity or aflatoxicosis
Stunted growth
Post antibiotic therapy
Advantages
Helps to normal physiological function
Prevents aflatoxicosis and improves feed utilization by stimulating and strengthening
the liver activity.
Replenishes calcium loss through milk
Helps to maintain normal health & production
Dosage
Large Animals : 50 ml. twice daily
Small Animals : 25 ml. twice daily
Packing
500 ml, 1 Ltr. & 5 Ltr.
8. Optimum Lactation Performance
Many studies have revealed that pre-calving transition period, marked
reductions in the blood concentration of all fat soluble antioxidant vitamins.
Failure to maintain adequate levels of these essential nutrients can
significantly impair the immune function of the animal at the start of lactation.
Composition
Reprocare is composed of organic form of Copper, Cobalt, Zinc, Calcium, Vitamin A, D3, E
& Biotin along with long chain fatty acids.
Improves
Supplies
Improves colostrum Increases
significant levels
tonicity of quality duration of
of essential
udder resulting in peak
vitamins
alveoli better calf lactation
& minerals health
Indications
Complications associated with pregnancy
Suppressed lactation after parturition
Incidences of metabolic disorders post parturition
Advantages
Meets higher energy requirement which in turn reflects in easy parturition
Initiation of lactation
Restore strength, vigor & vitality during convalescence
Dosage
Pre-parturition 50-100 gm daily for 10-15 days
Post-parturition 100 gm daily for 15-20 days
Packing
100 gm. & 1 kg.
9. Chelated
Optimum Performance & Profits
For dairy cattle that successfully combines high milk production with longevity
& optimum performance. Bovimax delivers specific nutrients to precise
targets such as the rumen, the liver, the immune system, reproductive organs
& hoof horn.
Composition Each 1 kg contains
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae 15000x109 C.F.U., Calcium 280 gm, Phosphorous 120 gm
Copper 1000 mg, Cobalt 200 mg, Iron 6000 mg, lodine 1000 mg, Zinc 2000 mg
Manganese 1200 mg, Selenium 10 mg, Vitamin A 700000 I.U., Vitamin D3 140000 I.U.
Vitamin E 250 mg, Nicotinamide 1000 mg, Bye Pass Fat 100 gm, Bye Pass Protein 200 gm
Fewer
Better Improves
disease Better
herd locomotion
associated profitability
health score
losses
Indications
Post antibiotic therapy
Stunted growth
Lactation stress
Advantages
Normal physiological function
Reduces metabolic disorders
Maintains milk production
Enhances bone mineralization
Dosage
50 gm daily or
As feed additive 0.5-2.0%
Packing
1 kg., 5 kg, 25 kg
10. True Calcium Supplement
Early lactation is regarded as one of the most challenging elements of the
production cycle. A larger water volume replaces the volume & weight loss
when the calf, the fluids & membranes are gone at calving that dehydrates
the cattle. Supplying both additional energy and calcium during the post
parturient period will benefit cattle. Dietary glucogenic precursor improves
the metabolic status.
Composition Each 100 gm contains
Tri Basic Calcium Phosphate 10 gm, Calcium Propionate 12.5 gm, Vitamin A 80000 I.U.
Vitamin D3 16000 I.U., Vitamin B12 100 mcg, Vitamin E 100 I.U., Yeast 100 Billion C.F.U.
Provides a Propionate Boost Faster
rapid source fraction is milk growth of
of absorbable converted to production young stock
calcium blood glucose
Indications
Heat Stress
Low Milk Production
Debility & weakness
Calcium deficiency
Advantages
Increases Blood glucose level, making impact on milk production
Provides relief from heat stress
Prevents Hypo-calcaemia
Assures full calcium & phosphorous utilization
Improves neuromuscular activity
Dosage
50-100 gm daily
Packing
500 gm & 5 kg.
11. High Performance Factor HPF
High production dairy cattle have specific nutritional demands dependant on
closeness to freshening. Cows that receive the optimum balance of nutrients
are better able to handle the stress of early lactation. HPF delivers the right
nutrients in the right balance at the right time for the right results.
Composition Each 100 gm contains
Live Yeast Culture 100 Billion C.F.U., Fat 30 gm, Protein 20 gm, Phytonutrients Q.S.
Enhances
Provides rich Meets the Optimal ruminal
immune system
source of energy requirement of digestion and
and plays a role
and essential all essential proper
in preventing
fatty acids amino acids digestibility
diseases
Indications
Stress due to diseases
Low milk Production
Debility & weakness
Advantages
Improves potential capacity of dairy animals for higher milk yield
High milk fat & optimum milk production
Longer milking period
Improves SNF
Dosage
100-200 gm daily or
1-2% in feed or as recommended by the veterinarian
Packing
10 kg. & 25 kg.
12. Yeast with Enzyme Complex
Direct-fed microbial's (DFM), have received considerable attention due to their
ability to manipulate rumen fermentation. Millions of bacteria and protozoa
inhabit the rumen. In rumen, bacteria degrades the cellulose and convert them
into fatty acids. Bacteria fall prey to the protozoa which besides digesting
starch perform the task of converting plant protein into animal protein.
Composition A proprietary blend of rumen specific yeast culture with enzymes
Enzyme Activity every 200 gms - Cellulase 50000 units, Xylanase 75000 units
Glucanase 25000 units, Mannanase 25000 units, Pectinase 15000 units
a &b Galactosidase 25000 units, Lignase 25000 units, Phytase 55000 units
Complex
fermented Stimulates
Increases Improves
products rumen friendly
fiber volatile
containing the bacterial
digestibility fatty acids
metabolites from population
yeast fermentation
Enzymes
Selection of cost effective ingredients depending upon seasonal availability.
Increases nutritive value of cereals & legumes.
Better utilization of feed.
Reduced production cost.
Yeast
Better fiber digestion
Improved utilization of feed ingredients.
Healthy rumen, reduced digestive disorders,
Larger productive life.
Dosage
10-20 gm daily or
100-200 gms per 100 kg of feed
Packing
100 gms, 1 kg. and 25 kg.
13. Energize your Livestock
The intense heat of the summer months can take its toll on the livestock of any
farming operation. Ruminants, in particular, are sensitive to the elevated temperatures
and high humidity levels associated with the summer season, increases the
incidence of lameness, disease associated with compromised immunity, reproductive
problems and reduced milk yields, if left unchecked, effects animal health and welfare.
Composition
Each 100 gm contains Betaine 30gm, Sod.Chloride 800mg, Pot.Chloride 5000mg, Sod.
Bicarbonate 3000mg, Sod. Acid Phosphate 800mg, Sod. Citrate 6500mg, Cal. Lactate 1000mg,
Mag. Sulphate 1000mg, Vitamin C 2000mg, Niacinamide 3150mg, Probiotics 1500 billion C.F.U.
Osmolyte
Normal
protecting Reduces Maintains
functioning
against energy acid base
of cells
osmotic requirement equilibrium
and organs
stress
Indications
Dehydration & Heat stroke
Diarrhoea & Dysentry
Osmotic Imbalance
Acid Base Imbalance
Benefits
Betaine helps livestock to use less energy to cool
themselves & have more energy for production.
Improves feed intake and milk yield in animals.
Electrolytes regulate nerves and muscular functioning,
blood pH and the rebuilding of damaged tissues.
Dosage
10-20 gm daily or
100-200 gms per 100 kg of feed
Packing
100 gms, 1 kg. and 25 kg.
14. Essential Micro-nutrients
Mineral status plays an important role in supplying micro-nutrients
to the animal. Deficiencies however result in reduced concentrations in feed
and fodder which in turn results in inadequate levels in the animal.
Protomin-BS provides essential minerals and nutrients at an economic rate
for dairy animals throughout the lactation.
Composition Each 1 kg contains
Copper 4.2 gm, Cobalt 200 mg, Iron 6.0 gm, Zinc 9.6 gm, Magnesium 50.0 gm
Manganese 1.5 gm, Iodine 1.0 gm, Methionine 10.0 gm, Lysine 10.0 gm
Yeast Culture as required with fortified base.
Fewer
Bio-available disease Essential Better
minerals associated Amino Acids herd health
losses
Indications
Post antibiotic therapy
Stunted growth
Micro mineral deficiencies
Advantages
Helps to normal physiological function
Helps to maintain normal health & production
Reduces metabolic disorders
Most suitable in the conditions like advanced pregnancy,
repeat breeding, delayed sexual maturity etc.
Dosage
30 gm daily or
300 - 600 gm per 100 kg of feed
Packing
600 gm, 2.4 kg. & 12 kg.
15. Tool for Toxin Control
Consumption of a variety of feedstuffs leads to potential exposure of a wide
array of Mycotoxins. Mycotoxins interact with other mycotoxins. Mycotoxins
degraded in the rumen reduces acute toxicity but may increase chronic
toxicity. No amount of aflatoxins can be considered safe.
Composition
A proprietary blend of organic acids like propionates, acetates with specially treated
adsorbents like Zeolites (HSCAS) Activated Charcoal & M.O.S.
Ideal blend Arrests the
Bind the Improves
of selective growth of
preformed performance
adsorbents Bacteria
toxins in feed
and antifungal and fungus
HSCAS
High adsorption capacity
Fine particle cycle
Binds both positive and negative charged Toxins
Do not release toxins after binding
MOS
Derived from the Yeast Cell Wall extract
Beta-glucans In MOS Acts As Immuno-modulators
Activated Charcoal
Broad spectrum adsorber / universal antidote
Action mainly through surface area and pore structure
Dosage
Upto 15% Moisture 500 gm/ton of feed
From 15% to 17% Moisture 1 kg/ton of feed
Above 17% Moisture with Moulds 2 kg/ton of feed
Packing
5 kg. and 25 kg.