Formation&Development Of Reproductive Systemraj kumar
The document summarizes key aspects of human reproduction, including:
1) Sexual reproduction involves the combination of genes from two individuals through sexual intercourse, increasing genetic variation and the chances of species survival.
2) Sex determination is based on whether a zygote inherits an X or Y chromosome from the sperm. Males have XY and females have XX.
3) The development of testes or ovaries in early development depends on the presence or absence of testis-determining factor on the Y chromosome.
4) Sex hormones direct the development of external and internal reproductive structures during development.
deficiency of fat and water soluble vitaminsDR ANITA SEVAG
This document provides information on various vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, K, B complex, and C. It discusses what each vitamin is, its physiological roles, deficiency symptoms, and commercial supplements. The key points are:
- Vitamins are essential organic nutrients required in small amounts for growth, maintenance, and various bodily functions. They cannot be synthesized by the body.
- Deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K can lead to diseases like rickets, osteomalacia, myopathies, and bleeding disorders.
- B complex vitamins support nerve function and metabolism, and deficiencies can cause diseases like polyneuritis or pellagra.
- Vitamin
Vitamins are essential nutrients that our bodies cannot produce on their own and must be obtained through foods or supplements. They play important roles in many life functions and providing good health. While a balanced diet is the best way to meet daily vitamin needs, supplements can help ensure proper nutrition, especially for those not eating well. It is important to choose supplements carefully and follow dosage recommendations to avoid potential toxicity from excess intake of certain fat-soluble vitamins.
Impressive health benefits of carrot A series of PresentationByMr. Allah...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Impressive health benefits of carrot A series of PresentationByMr. Allah Dad Khan former DG Agriculture Extension KP Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar allahdad52@gmail.com
Vitamins and minerals are essential organic and inorganic compounds required by the body in small amounts. Vitamins include A, B complex vitamins, C, D, E and K while minerals are solid elements from nature like calcium and iron. Liquid multivitamins provide benefits over tablets by preventing deficiencies, improving immunity, ensuring health, and having a high absorption rate. They are especially suitable for children and elderly as they are easy to swallow.
This document provides information on vitamins and minerals, including their functions, sources, and effects of deficiencies. It discusses that vitamins are micronutrients needed in small amounts that are classified as either water-soluble or fat-soluble. Major minerals like calcium and phosphorus and trace minerals like iron and iodine are also outlined. The roles of specific vitamins A, D, E, K, B1-3, B9, C and minerals iron, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, zinc, and iodine are summarized. Fortification of foods is described as an effective public health strategy to prevent deficiencies.
The document discusses how menopause affects women's lives and relationships. It notes that divorce rates are higher when women are in their 40s-60s, which some attribute to lower oxytocin levels during menopause that change a woman's thinking from "we" to "me." It also discusses how menopause symptoms like hot flashes and mood swings can negatively impact work productivity. Finally, it provides testimonials from women who found relief from menopause symptoms like hot flashes and night sweats using the natural supplement Err 731.
Formation&Development Of Reproductive Systemraj kumar
The document summarizes key aspects of human reproduction, including:
1) Sexual reproduction involves the combination of genes from two individuals through sexual intercourse, increasing genetic variation and the chances of species survival.
2) Sex determination is based on whether a zygote inherits an X or Y chromosome from the sperm. Males have XY and females have XX.
3) The development of testes or ovaries in early development depends on the presence or absence of testis-determining factor on the Y chromosome.
4) Sex hormones direct the development of external and internal reproductive structures during development.
deficiency of fat and water soluble vitaminsDR ANITA SEVAG
This document provides information on various vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, K, B complex, and C. It discusses what each vitamin is, its physiological roles, deficiency symptoms, and commercial supplements. The key points are:
- Vitamins are essential organic nutrients required in small amounts for growth, maintenance, and various bodily functions. They cannot be synthesized by the body.
- Deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K can lead to diseases like rickets, osteomalacia, myopathies, and bleeding disorders.
- B complex vitamins support nerve function and metabolism, and deficiencies can cause diseases like polyneuritis or pellagra.
- Vitamin
Vitamins are essential nutrients that our bodies cannot produce on their own and must be obtained through foods or supplements. They play important roles in many life functions and providing good health. While a balanced diet is the best way to meet daily vitamin needs, supplements can help ensure proper nutrition, especially for those not eating well. It is important to choose supplements carefully and follow dosage recommendations to avoid potential toxicity from excess intake of certain fat-soluble vitamins.
Impressive health benefits of carrot A series of PresentationByMr. Allah...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Impressive health benefits of carrot A series of PresentationByMr. Allah Dad Khan former DG Agriculture Extension KP Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar allahdad52@gmail.com
Vitamins and minerals are essential organic and inorganic compounds required by the body in small amounts. Vitamins include A, B complex vitamins, C, D, E and K while minerals are solid elements from nature like calcium and iron. Liquid multivitamins provide benefits over tablets by preventing deficiencies, improving immunity, ensuring health, and having a high absorption rate. They are especially suitable for children and elderly as they are easy to swallow.
This document provides information on vitamins and minerals, including their functions, sources, and effects of deficiencies. It discusses that vitamins are micronutrients needed in small amounts that are classified as either water-soluble or fat-soluble. Major minerals like calcium and phosphorus and trace minerals like iron and iodine are also outlined. The roles of specific vitamins A, D, E, K, B1-3, B9, C and minerals iron, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, zinc, and iodine are summarized. Fortification of foods is described as an effective public health strategy to prevent deficiencies.
The document discusses how menopause affects women's lives and relationships. It notes that divorce rates are higher when women are in their 40s-60s, which some attribute to lower oxytocin levels during menopause that change a woman's thinking from "we" to "me." It also discusses how menopause symptoms like hot flashes and mood swings can negatively impact work productivity. Finally, it provides testimonials from women who found relief from menopause symptoms like hot flashes and night sweats using the natural supplement Err 731.
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that prevents scurvy, a disease characterized by bleeding gums and bruising. It was discovered in the 17th century that lemon juice prevented scurvy in sailors. Vitamin C is found in many fruits and vegetables and plays an important role in immune function, collagen production, iron absorption and cardiovascular health. A daily intake of 60 mg is recommended, though some research suggests higher intakes may provide additional health benefits. Without enough vitamin C, scurvy will develop due to a breakdown of connective tissues.
This document provides an overview of vitamins presented by three students. It defines vitamins as organic compounds needed in small quantities to sustain life that humans obtain from food. The document discusses the characteristics, classifications, functions and examples of various vitamins including Vitamin A, D, E, C. It also explains the mechanisms of action, sources, deficiencies and daily allowances of these vitamins.
This document discusses minerals and their functions and sources. It explains that minerals are substances found in food that are necessary for building strong bones and teeth, controlling body fluids, and turning food into energy. There are two kinds of minerals: macrominerals, which are needed in larger amounts, and trace minerals or microminerals, which are needed in smaller amounts. Some key macrominerals and their functions and food sources are then outlined. The document concludes by discussing trace minerals and listing some examples and their roles and dietary sources.
The menstrual cycle can be divided into four phases: the menstrual phase (days 1-5), the follicular phase (days 1-13), the ovulation phase (day 14), and the luteal phase (days 15-28). During the follicular phase, an egg cell matures and estrogen levels rise. On day 14, the pituitary gland triggers ovulation, releasing the mature egg. If the egg is not fertilized during the luteal phase, menstruation begins again, starting a new cycle.
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities, their deficiency causes diseases.
Biochemist Casimir Funk discovered vitamin B1 in 1912 in rice bran.
It cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism and must be obtained from the diet.
Vitamin D is a steroid that is present in animals, plants and yeast. It is insoluble in water but soluble in fat and organic solutions. Vitamin D is sensitive to oxygen, light and iodine. It is considered a prohormone because it is converted to the active form 1,25-dihydroxycholesterol. Vitamin D functions to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism by promoting their absorption in the intestines and mobilization from bones. It is necessary for bone development and growth. A deficiency of vitamin D can lead to rickets in children, causing bowed legs and bone fractures, and osteomalacia in adults characterized by poor bone mineralization. Toxicity can result from long-
The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones like FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone. It begins at menarche and ends at menopause. During each cycle, an egg matures and is released during ovulation around day 14. If the egg is not fertilized, hormone levels fall and the uterine lining sheds as menstruation over around 3-8 days. Menstrual cramps are caused by prostaglandins released during this shedding process, which cause uterine contractions.
This document discusses vitamins, minerals, and water. It explains that vitamins and minerals regulate body functions and must be ingested daily through foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Dark leafy greens contain the most vitamins and minerals. Water carries nutrients through the body, regulates temperature, and prevents dehydration. We should drink half our body weight in ounces of water daily. The document then provides details on specific vitamins (A, D, E, K, C, B vitamins) and minerals, their functions, sources, deficiencies, and toxicities.
This document discusses several water soluble vitamins, including vitamin C, the B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate), and vitamin functions, sources, and deficiency effects. Vitamin C is an antioxidant found in fruits and vegetables that helps with collagen formation, immune function, and wound healing. The B vitamins work together in energy production and cell metabolism. Deficiencies can result in conditions like beriberi, pellagra, and megaloblastic anemia.
Definition of Rickets &Osteomalacia.
Etiology of Rickets & Osteomalacia
Rickets :
is defective mineralization of bones before epiphyseal closure (at growth plate) due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, phosphorus or calcium ,potentially leading to fractures and deformity.
Osteomalacia :
is a similar condition occurring in adults, generally due to impaired mineralization of the bone matrix. Due to a deficiency of vitamin D.
Etiology:
Vit D deficiency :
low intake plus inadequate sunlight exposure
malabsorption
Abnormal Vit D metabolism:
Impaired 25 OH Vitamin D production (Liver diseases)
Impaired 1,25 OH2 Vitamin D production (chronic renal failure or vitamin D-resistant rickets type I ).
Vitamin D receptor defects (vitaminD-resistant rickets type II)
Low calcium intake
Hypophosphatemia :
Low intake.
Inherited or acquired defects in renal tubular phosphate reabsorption.
Tumors that secrete phosphaturic substance.
Rickets and Osteomalacia are impaired memorization of the bone.
Causes of Rickets and Osteomalacia :
Vit D deficiency
Low calcium intake
Abnormal Vit D metabolism
Hypophosphatemia
This document discusses balanced diets and how to prescribe them. It explains that a balanced diet contains a variety of foods to provide nutrients for energy, health, and illness prevention. Balanced diets are planned based on regional foods, economics, religion, and customs. Food groups include cereals, milk, meat, pulses, vegetables, fruits, and fats. The document provides details on calculating energy and macronutrient requirements and examples of balanced diets for general health and diabetes management.
This document discusses two nutritional supplements - Calcit-Z and Nutra Pro Mom. Calcit-Z provides calcium, calcitriol, and zinc to help with calcium deficiency, arthritis, joint pain, and low back pain. Nutra Pro Mom is a supplement for pregnant and lactating mothers that provides nutrients for the fetus as well as additional benefits of DHA and GLA. It contains a wide range of vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats, and other nutrients.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is obtained through sunlight exposure and dietary sources like fatty fish and fortified foods. It plays an important role in bone and immune health by aiding in calcium absorption and bone mineralization. Testing for vitamin D levels has increased in recent years due to research linking vitamin D deficiency to diseases like cancer, heart disease, diabetes and depression. While vitamin D shows promise for many health benefits, more research is still needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential.
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists in various forms and is an important antioxidant. It protects cell membranes from oxidative damage and supports reproductive health. The main dietary sources are soy, sunflower, and safflower oils. Vitamin E is absorbed with fat and transported through the body associated with lipoproteins. It is stored in tissues like liver and adipose tissue. Recommended daily intake ranges from 15mg for adults to 4-12mg for children and pregnant/lactating women. Topical vitamin E formulations can treat skin conditions and reduce wrinkles.
Vitamin E, also known as tocopherol, is a fat-soluble antioxidant. It exists in various forms, with alpha-tocopherol being the most biologically active form. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from damage by reacting with and terminating free radicals. It also plays a role in reproduction, blood flow, and the electron transport system. Dietary sources include vegetable oils, nuts and green leafy vegetables. A deficiency can impact muscle function, blood cell health, and reproduction.
1. The female reproductive system includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. The ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
2. During the menstrual cycle, hormones cause an egg to mature and be released from an ovary, changing the uterine lining in preparation for potential pregnancy. If no pregnancy occurs, the uterine lining is shed through menstruation.
3. The major female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, regulate the development of female secondary sex characteristics and control the menstrual cycle by stimulating the growth of the uterine lining and changes in cervical mucus. Their levels fluctuate during
Introduction to Nutrition And Health, Basics of nutrition, Objective of nutrition, Classification of food, macronutrients, Carbohydrates, Functions of carbohydrates, proteins, Functions of proteins, Protein Requirements for Different Age Groups
, fats, Functions of fats, Sources, Functions And Deficiency Of Fat-Soluble Vitamins, Sources, Functions And Deficiency Of Water-Soluble Vitamins, minerals, Daily Requirement, Functions And Sources Of Trace Elements, fibres, Importance of fibre in diet, Water, Importance of water in diet.
The document discusses nutrients and their importance for human health. It defines nutrients as substances in food that keep the body functioning. The six essential nutrients are water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. All nutrients play vital roles, providing energy, building tissues, regulating processes, and more. A balanced diet with variety is key to obtaining necessary nutrients and avoiding deficiencies.
A presentation on pantothenic acid or b5jainsaketjain
1. Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is an essential vitamin that plays a key role in energy production and metabolism.
2. It is widely found in foods like meat, eggs, legumes, and whole grains. Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A which is involved in important processes in the body.
3. Deficiency of pantothenic acid is rare due to its abundance in foods, but may cause burning sensations in hands and feet, fatigue, and muscle cramps. The recommended daily intake is 2-7 mg depending on age.
This document discusses minerals and their functions and sources. It explains that minerals are substances found in food that are necessary for building strong bones and teeth, controlling body fluids, and turning food into energy. There are two kinds of minerals: macrominerals, which are needed in larger amounts, and trace minerals or microminerals, which are needed in smaller amounts. Some key macrominerals and their functions and food sources are then outlined. The document concludes by discussing trace minerals and listing some examples and their roles and dietary sources.
Minerals are essential nutrients required by the body in small amounts that serve important functions. They can be classified as major minerals, which are needed in amounts greater than 100 mg per day, or trace minerals, which are needed in smaller amounts. Minerals provide structure to bones and teeth, help regulate cell functions and metabolism, and maintain normal heart rhythm and muscle contractions. Common minerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, iron, zinc and selenium. A balanced diet can provide the daily mineral requirements, though deficiencies or excesses can impact health.
Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that prevents scurvy, a disease characterized by bleeding gums and bruising. It was discovered in the 17th century that lemon juice prevented scurvy in sailors. Vitamin C is found in many fruits and vegetables and plays an important role in immune function, collagen production, iron absorption and cardiovascular health. A daily intake of 60 mg is recommended, though some research suggests higher intakes may provide additional health benefits. Without enough vitamin C, scurvy will develop due to a breakdown of connective tissues.
This document provides an overview of vitamins presented by three students. It defines vitamins as organic compounds needed in small quantities to sustain life that humans obtain from food. The document discusses the characteristics, classifications, functions and examples of various vitamins including Vitamin A, D, E, C. It also explains the mechanisms of action, sources, deficiencies and daily allowances of these vitamins.
This document discusses minerals and their functions and sources. It explains that minerals are substances found in food that are necessary for building strong bones and teeth, controlling body fluids, and turning food into energy. There are two kinds of minerals: macrominerals, which are needed in larger amounts, and trace minerals or microminerals, which are needed in smaller amounts. Some key macrominerals and their functions and food sources are then outlined. The document concludes by discussing trace minerals and listing some examples and their roles and dietary sources.
The menstrual cycle can be divided into four phases: the menstrual phase (days 1-5), the follicular phase (days 1-13), the ovulation phase (day 14), and the luteal phase (days 15-28). During the follicular phase, an egg cell matures and estrogen levels rise. On day 14, the pituitary gland triggers ovulation, releasing the mature egg. If the egg is not fertilized during the luteal phase, menstruation begins again, starting a new cycle.
Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for normal growth and nutrition and are required in small quantities, their deficiency causes diseases.
Biochemist Casimir Funk discovered vitamin B1 in 1912 in rice bran.
It cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism and must be obtained from the diet.
Vitamin D is a steroid that is present in animals, plants and yeast. It is insoluble in water but soluble in fat and organic solutions. Vitamin D is sensitive to oxygen, light and iodine. It is considered a prohormone because it is converted to the active form 1,25-dihydroxycholesterol. Vitamin D functions to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism by promoting their absorption in the intestines and mobilization from bones. It is necessary for bone development and growth. A deficiency of vitamin D can lead to rickets in children, causing bowed legs and bone fractures, and osteomalacia in adults characterized by poor bone mineralization. Toxicity can result from long-
The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones like FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone. It begins at menarche and ends at menopause. During each cycle, an egg matures and is released during ovulation around day 14. If the egg is not fertilized, hormone levels fall and the uterine lining sheds as menstruation over around 3-8 days. Menstrual cramps are caused by prostaglandins released during this shedding process, which cause uterine contractions.
This document discusses vitamins, minerals, and water. It explains that vitamins and minerals regulate body functions and must be ingested daily through foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Dark leafy greens contain the most vitamins and minerals. Water carries nutrients through the body, regulates temperature, and prevents dehydration. We should drink half our body weight in ounces of water daily. The document then provides details on specific vitamins (A, D, E, K, C, B vitamins) and minerals, their functions, sources, deficiencies, and toxicities.
This document discusses several water soluble vitamins, including vitamin C, the B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate), and vitamin functions, sources, and deficiency effects. Vitamin C is an antioxidant found in fruits and vegetables that helps with collagen formation, immune function, and wound healing. The B vitamins work together in energy production and cell metabolism. Deficiencies can result in conditions like beriberi, pellagra, and megaloblastic anemia.
Definition of Rickets &Osteomalacia.
Etiology of Rickets & Osteomalacia
Rickets :
is defective mineralization of bones before epiphyseal closure (at growth plate) due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, phosphorus or calcium ,potentially leading to fractures and deformity.
Osteomalacia :
is a similar condition occurring in adults, generally due to impaired mineralization of the bone matrix. Due to a deficiency of vitamin D.
Etiology:
Vit D deficiency :
low intake plus inadequate sunlight exposure
malabsorption
Abnormal Vit D metabolism:
Impaired 25 OH Vitamin D production (Liver diseases)
Impaired 1,25 OH2 Vitamin D production (chronic renal failure or vitamin D-resistant rickets type I ).
Vitamin D receptor defects (vitaminD-resistant rickets type II)
Low calcium intake
Hypophosphatemia :
Low intake.
Inherited or acquired defects in renal tubular phosphate reabsorption.
Tumors that secrete phosphaturic substance.
Rickets and Osteomalacia are impaired memorization of the bone.
Causes of Rickets and Osteomalacia :
Vit D deficiency
Low calcium intake
Abnormal Vit D metabolism
Hypophosphatemia
This document discusses balanced diets and how to prescribe them. It explains that a balanced diet contains a variety of foods to provide nutrients for energy, health, and illness prevention. Balanced diets are planned based on regional foods, economics, religion, and customs. Food groups include cereals, milk, meat, pulses, vegetables, fruits, and fats. The document provides details on calculating energy and macronutrient requirements and examples of balanced diets for general health and diabetes management.
This document discusses two nutritional supplements - Calcit-Z and Nutra Pro Mom. Calcit-Z provides calcium, calcitriol, and zinc to help with calcium deficiency, arthritis, joint pain, and low back pain. Nutra Pro Mom is a supplement for pregnant and lactating mothers that provides nutrients for the fetus as well as additional benefits of DHA and GLA. It contains a wide range of vitamins, minerals, proteins, fats, and other nutrients.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is obtained through sunlight exposure and dietary sources like fatty fish and fortified foods. It plays an important role in bone and immune health by aiding in calcium absorption and bone mineralization. Testing for vitamin D levels has increased in recent years due to research linking vitamin D deficiency to diseases like cancer, heart disease, diabetes and depression. While vitamin D shows promise for many health benefits, more research is still needed to fully understand its therapeutic potential.
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that exists in various forms and is an important antioxidant. It protects cell membranes from oxidative damage and supports reproductive health. The main dietary sources are soy, sunflower, and safflower oils. Vitamin E is absorbed with fat and transported through the body associated with lipoproteins. It is stored in tissues like liver and adipose tissue. Recommended daily intake ranges from 15mg for adults to 4-12mg for children and pregnant/lactating women. Topical vitamin E formulations can treat skin conditions and reduce wrinkles.
Vitamin E, also known as tocopherol, is a fat-soluble antioxidant. It exists in various forms, with alpha-tocopherol being the most biologically active form. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from damage by reacting with and terminating free radicals. It also plays a role in reproduction, blood flow, and the electron transport system. Dietary sources include vegetable oils, nuts and green leafy vegetables. A deficiency can impact muscle function, blood cell health, and reproduction.
1. The female reproductive system includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. The ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
2. During the menstrual cycle, hormones cause an egg to mature and be released from an ovary, changing the uterine lining in preparation for potential pregnancy. If no pregnancy occurs, the uterine lining is shed through menstruation.
3. The major female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, regulate the development of female secondary sex characteristics and control the menstrual cycle by stimulating the growth of the uterine lining and changes in cervical mucus. Their levels fluctuate during
Introduction to Nutrition And Health, Basics of nutrition, Objective of nutrition, Classification of food, macronutrients, Carbohydrates, Functions of carbohydrates, proteins, Functions of proteins, Protein Requirements for Different Age Groups
, fats, Functions of fats, Sources, Functions And Deficiency Of Fat-Soluble Vitamins, Sources, Functions And Deficiency Of Water-Soluble Vitamins, minerals, Daily Requirement, Functions And Sources Of Trace Elements, fibres, Importance of fibre in diet, Water, Importance of water in diet.
The document discusses nutrients and their importance for human health. It defines nutrients as substances in food that keep the body functioning. The six essential nutrients are water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. All nutrients play vital roles, providing energy, building tissues, regulating processes, and more. A balanced diet with variety is key to obtaining necessary nutrients and avoiding deficiencies.
A presentation on pantothenic acid or b5jainsaketjain
1. Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is an essential vitamin that plays a key role in energy production and metabolism.
2. It is widely found in foods like meat, eggs, legumes, and whole grains. Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A which is involved in important processes in the body.
3. Deficiency of pantothenic acid is rare due to its abundance in foods, but may cause burning sensations in hands and feet, fatigue, and muscle cramps. The recommended daily intake is 2-7 mg depending on age.
This document discusses minerals and their functions and sources. It explains that minerals are substances found in food that are necessary for building strong bones and teeth, controlling body fluids, and turning food into energy. There are two kinds of minerals: macrominerals, which are needed in larger amounts, and trace minerals or microminerals, which are needed in smaller amounts. Some key macrominerals and their functions and food sources are then outlined. The document concludes by discussing trace minerals and listing some examples and their roles and dietary sources.
Minerals are essential nutrients required by the body in small amounts that serve important functions. They can be classified as major minerals, which are needed in amounts greater than 100 mg per day, or trace minerals, which are needed in smaller amounts. Minerals provide structure to bones and teeth, help regulate cell functions and metabolism, and maintain normal heart rhythm and muscle contractions. Common minerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, iron, zinc and selenium. A balanced diet can provide the daily mineral requirements, though deficiencies or excesses can impact health.
This document provides information on vitamins and minerals, including:
- Vitamins are organic nutrients required in small amounts that cannot be synthesized by the body. They are classified as fat-soluble or water-soluble.
- Minerals are inorganic nutrients also required in small amounts. Macrominerals and microminerals are distinguished.
- Specific vitamins and minerals are described, including their functions, deficiency signs, and sources. Vitamin deficiencies that could cause poor posture, childlessness, bleeding gums, lameness, and night blindness are identified.
Minerals are inorganic elements that are essential for human growth, development and regulation of vital functions. They serve both structural and functional roles in the body. The human body contains 30 essential minerals that are classified as either macro minerals, which are needed in larger amounts, or trace minerals which are needed in small amounts. Calcium is the most abundant macro mineral found primarily in bones and teeth, making up 1.5 kg of the average adult body. Dietary sources of calcium include dairy products, leafy greens, fish with bones and fortified foods. Calcium absorption occurs primarily in the small intestine and is regulated by parathyroid hormone and vitamin D.
Role of essential and trace metal is biologicalAkash Verma
This document discusses the roles of essential and trace metals in biological processes. It classifies metals as essential, trace, or toxic based on their levels in the body. Essential metals like sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc and chlorine are required for important biological functions. Trace metals like cobalt, molybdenum and manganese are also involved in enzyme activity and other processes. Toxic metals can cause diseases if levels exceed normal amounts. The document provides details on sources, requirements, functions and deficiency symptoms of various essential and trace metals in the human body.
This document provides an introduction to minerals, including their definition, classification, and functions in the body. It defines minerals as inorganic elements found in the form of salts. Minerals are classified as macro minerals, micro minerals, or trace elements based on the amount needed. They serve important structural and regulatory roles. As structural components, minerals are parts of bones, teeth, muscles, and compounds in tissues. Their regulatory roles include controlling water balance, maintaining acid-base balance, and enabling enzyme reactions and oxidative processes. The document lists calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and other minerals and the tissues where they are especially important.
This document summarizes iron, including that it is a micro mineral mostly found in blood and some cells, and serves important functions like oxygen transport, enzyme co-factors, and red blood cell formation. Good dietary sources include liver, dates, and certain cereals and vegetables, with animal sources like liver and crab providing more absorbable heme iron. It also lists recommended daily intake amounts of iron for different groups from infants to teenagers.
This document provides an overview of sports nutrition. It defines sports nutrition as applying nutrition practices for maximal sports performance. It outlines the key objectives, content and nutrients important for athletes. The main nutrients discussed are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water. For each nutrient, the document defines it, recommends daily intake amounts, identifies functions and provides food sources. It also discusses energy balance, general eating recommendations and common myths about sports nutrition.
Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients that support many important functions in the body. Vitamins are divided into fat-soluble and water-soluble categories. Minerals include macrominerals like calcium, phosphorus, and potassium that are needed in larger amounts, as well as microminerals like iron, iodine, and zinc that are needed in trace amounts. Each nutrient plays an important role and deficiency can lead to health issues, so it is important to obtain vitamins and minerals from a variety of foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, dairy, and meat.
Minerals are elements that our bodies need, either in large (macroelements) or small (microelements) amounts. They serve two general functions - building, such as forming bones and teeth, and regulating processes like heartbeat and blood clotting. Some key minerals include calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc. Minerals help catalyze biological reactions, support muscle function, nerve signaling, hormone production and digestion. Unlike vitamins, minerals are generally heat-resistant and can be found in foods like fruits, vegetables, and nuts.
This document discusses minerals that are essential for human nutrition. It begins by stating that minerals are elements rather than organic compounds like vitamins. The document then lists several key minerals including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, iodine and zinc. It discusses the functions of these minerals, their dietary sources, and deficiency symptoms that can occur from lack of each mineral. Graphs are included to show typical quantities of minerals in the human body and their percent of total body weight. The remainder of the document provides more detailed information about the roles and food sources of specific minerals.
This document discusses minerals that are essential for human nutrition. It begins by stating that minerals are elements rather than organic compounds like vitamins. The document then discusses characteristics of minerals like their vital functions in the body, deficiency symptoms when not consumed enough, and classification as macro or trace minerals based on daily requirements. The rest of the document provides details on individual minerals, their functions, sources, and requirements or toxicity levels. It discusses calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, chloride, sodium, potassium, iron, iodine, zinc, copper, selenium, fluoride, chromium, molybdenum, and cobalt. Charts are included to show quantities of minerals in the human body and percent of body weight for some minerals.
our body uses minerals for many different jobs, including keeping our bones, muscles, heart, and brain working properly. Minerals are also important for making enzymes and hormones. There are two kinds of minerals: macrominerals and trace minerals.
Soil organic matter, Nutrients and Micronutrients, Pesticides effectsAroobaCh2
This document discusses various topics related to soil organic matter, nutrients, and micronutrients. It provides definitions and outlines the composition, significance, and effects of soil organic matter. It also defines nutrients and micronutrients, describes the different types and groups of nutrients, and explains their roles and importance for plants and humans. Additionally, it outlines the effects of pesticide pollution on water, soil, and air.
Nutrients
What is the nutrient? Nutrients are any substances that the body requires to perform work and which provide energy to do work. The most common functions of nutrients are: they provide energy, make body structure, and maintain chemical processes in the body. There are two main types of nutrients, macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, and fats) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). We eat nutrients not only because we are hungry but also because all the daily routine movements, like walking, dancing, talking, and even watching TV or playing games also need energy. Humans need many nutrients, some of which the body synthesizes called non-essential nutrients, and which the body cannot synthesize are called essential nutrients.
Types of nutrients: requirement basis
Nutrients can be divided into two categories on the basis of body requirements, which are macronutrients and micronutrients.
1- Macronutrients: (macro means large) Macronutrients are those nutrients that the body requires eventually in larger quantities to function well to provide energy. E.g.: carbohydrates, proteins, fats.
2- Micronutrients: (micro means small) those nutrients which the body requires a small amount to perform vital works. need in milligrams or micrograms to energize the body. E.g.: vitamins (A, B, D, E, K) and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, chromium, copper, fluoride, molybdenum, manganese, and selenium).
Rule of major nutrients
There are seven important nutrients present in diets, but five are the most important for the body to do vital functions. These nutrients are protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. And other two nutrients are water and roughage which do not provide nutrition to the body but perform important functions.
Protein
Protein is the building block of a body. It is composed of many small units called amino acids. These amino acids encoded by genes, combine together in a sequence to form a long chain called protein. The bond between two amino acids is called a peptide bond or amide linkage. The word protein is derived from the Greek word proteios, meaning primary or 1st rank.
What are the sources of Protein?
There are many sources of protein, some of them present below.
Egg, Bean, Meat, Fish, Milk, Paneer, Mushroom, Cottage cheese, Soybean, Lentil, Peanut, Greek Yogurt, Quinoa, Nuts, Beef, Almond, Legume etc.
Amino Acids
Amino acids are the basic unit of protein. Amino acids combine with specific sequences into long chains to form proteins. These sequences are coded by genes.
There are 20 amino acids, 9 essential amino acids, and 11 non-essential amino acids.
1- Essential amino acids: There are nine amino acids that our body can not synthesize but obtain from diets that's why they are called essential amino acids. Ex: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine.
2- Non-essential amino acids: those amino acids that synthesize in our own body and are not required in our
This document discusses essential macrominerals and microminerals that are required for proper bodily function. It lists the key macrominerals as calcium, magnesium, potassium, selenium, sodium, sulfur, and zinc, and notes their functions and dietary sources. Deficiency in these minerals can lead to conditions like osteoporosis, fatigue, and hypertension. Microminerals discussed include chromium, copper, fluoride, iron, iodine, and manganese. They are important for enzyme production, oxygen transport, and bone health. Deficiencies may result in anxiety, anemia, dental issues, and impaired thyroid function.
The document discusses proper nutrition for bodybuilding. It explains that macronutrients like proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are essential to provide energy and support growth and development. Micronutrients like vitamins and minerals also play important roles, and deficiencies can lead to health issues. The document provides details on different types of nutrients, their functions, sources, and requirements to help optimize nutrition for muscle growth and health.
Biology form 4 chapter 6 is about nutrition and I just did this note until dietary fibre . I hope there is somebody continue this note and help the students in their study. Thank you.
The document discusses the seven main classes of food and their functions. The seven classes are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, mineral salts, vitamins, fibre, and water. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins provide energy, building materials, and other nutrients for the body. Mineral salts and vitamins perform important roles and support various bodily functions. Different foods contain different nutrients to support growth, development, and overall health.
This document discusses minerals and their classification, functions, sources, and deficiencies. It is divided into sections on major minerals which are needed in amounts greater than 100mg daily, trace minerals which are needed in lesser amounts, and provides details on specific minerals like sodium, iodine, and selenium. The document lists the main sources and functions of these minerals, describes deficiency symptoms, and provides recommended daily intake amounts according to age. It concludes by referencing other literature on mineral deficiencies.
Similar to Role and source of important minerals bio project (20)
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdfSelcen Ozturkcan
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
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We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
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1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
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The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
2. What are minerals ??
• Like vitamins, minerals are substances found
in food that your body needs for growth and
health.
There are two types of minerals- Micro
minerals and Macro minerals.
3. Two types of minerals
• Macro-minerals are minerals your body
needs in larger amounts. They include
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium,
potassium, and chloride.
• Micro-minerals are minerals your body needs
in smaller amounts. They include chromium,
cobalt, copper, fluorine, iodine, iron,
manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc.
4. Why do we need minerals in our diet?
• Our bodies can’t produce all of the nutrients
that we need to function properly, so we have
to eat them.
6. .CALCIUM (Ca)
Function: major component of bones and teeth and
essential in blood coagulation, nerve and muscle
function and milk and egg production.
Sources-Milk, yogurt, cheese, leafy greens, sea food,
legumes, white beans, almonds, oranges, etc,.
7. .SODIUM (Na)
Function- The body uses sodium to control blood
pressure and blood volume. Your body also needs
sodium for your muscles and nerves to work
properly.
Sources- Most foods except fruits.
8. .POTASSIUM (K)
Function- retention and formation of body fluids, pH
concentration of body fluid and rumen digestion.
Sources-
White beans, Spinach, Bananas, Potatoes, Apricots,
non fat yogurt, fish, mushrooms, etc,.
9. .
Phosphorus (P)
Functions-essential for the formation of bones,
teeth, and body fluids. Required for metabolism,
cell respiration and normal reproduction.
Sources- Milk, beans, nuts, seeds, cheese, fish,
soya foods, etc,.
10. /Magnesium (Mg)
Function- similar to calcium and phosphorus.
Sources- Dark Leafy Greens, Nuts and Seeds , Fish Beans and
Lentils, Whole Grains, Avocados, Bananas, Dried Fruit ,Dark
Chocolate, etc,.
11. .SULPHUR(S)
Functions- Forms a part of the proteins of
supportive tissues like creatine of hair, horn,
wool.
Sources- Egg, Nuts, seeds , grains, meat, etc,.
12. .
Iron (Fe):
Function: essential for the function of every organ and
tissue of the body (Hemoglobin)
Sources- clams, liver, sunflower seeds, nuts, beef,
lamb, beans, whole grains, dark leafy greens
(spinach), dark chocolate, and tofu.
13. ,
Copper (Cu)
Function- should be present in animal tissues for iron to be
properly utilized, hemoglobin formation and synthesis of
keratin for fair and wool growth.
Sources-prunes, cocoa, black pepper, and yeast.
14. .Cobalt (Co)
Function: required as a nutrient for the microorganisms in
ruminants and thereby aids in rumen synthesis of
Vitamin B12. Because swine cannot manufacture B12
from cobalt, the diets are supplemental with vitamin B12
instead.
Sources- fish, nuts, green leafy vegetables, such as broccoli and
spinach, cereals, such as oats.
15. ,IODINE
Functions- Required for synthesis of haemoglobin.
Sources -
Organic Yogurt, Organic Navy Beans, Organic
Strawberries Raw, Organic Cheese, Organic Potatoes.
16. ,
Zinc-
Functions-Zinc is found in cells throughout the body. It
is needed for the body's defensive (immune) system
to properly work. It plays a role in cell division, cell
growth, wound healing, and the breakdown of
carbohydrates.
Sources- Seafood, wheat germ, spinach, pumpkin, nuts,
beans, mushrooms, etc,.