science chapter of class five

2. Feeling hungry
is a sign
that our body
needs food.

3. Our body depends on food for energy

4. What does the food provide us?

5. Energy to carry out the vital functions in
our body.

6. Energy to do work

7. substances that our body needs for health and resisting
diseases

8. the building materials needed for the growth of
new cells and repair of damaged cells

9. Different types of food are required by our body for different functions.
Based on their different properties and job functions, food is divided
Into seven main classes

10. There are7 main classes of food
How many main classes of food?

11. Carbohydrates

12. Fats

13. Proteins

14. Mineral Salts

15. Vitamins

16. Fibre

17. Water

18. Carbohydrates are sugars and starches found in
food. They are compound made up of the
elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

19. Lactose
(from milk)
Glucose
(from sugar)
Sucrose
(from cane sugar)
Maltose
Carbohydrates supply most of our body’s energy.
They are first broken down into simple sugars
like glucose and finally converted into carbon
dioxide and water with the release of energy

20. Starches are found in food such as rice, bread, breakfast cereals, potatoes,
beans and pasta. Sugars are found in sweet fruits, chocolates, candy, jam,
cakes and soft drinks.

21. Excess carbohydrates in our body are as fats and they are
drawn upon to provide the body with energy when the

22. Fats from animals can be found
in butter, lard, meat, cheese,
milk, sausages and beef burgers

23. Fats from plants can
be found in margarine,
nuts and cooking oils
such as peanut
oil, and sunflower oil.

24. Fats help to keep us warm, but too much fats in our body
can lead to health problems like heart diseases

25. Proteins consist of long chains of amino acids which are
made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen. Food rich in proteins include meat, eggs, fish,
bean curds, lentils, peanuts, milk, cheese, chicken, beans
nuts, beef, peas and vegetable

26. The main function of proteins
is to build body tissues,
enzymes, and hormones

27. Muscles, cartilage and tendons in our body are made up
of proteins.

28. Deficiency in proteins results in disease call kwashiorkor,
which is characterized by loss of body fat and wasting of
muscle.

29. Minerals are inorganic
substances needed
by the body in tiny
amounts for proper
growth and
development.
They are needed by
some body tissues
and are used in some
chemical reactions of
the body.

30. Calcium
o for making strong bones and teeth
o for clotting of blood
o for contracting muscles
Milk
milk products
green vegetables
eggs

31. Iron
o For making hemoglobin, the red pigment in red blood cells
Liver,
meat,
eggs,
green vegetables

32. Sea food
green vegetables
Iodine
o For making hormones of the thyroid gland.

33. Deficiency leads to goitre, a swelling of the thyroid gland in the lower neck

34. Sodium
o For regulating our body
fluids.
Common salt
(sodium chloride),
Most natural and
cooked foods

35. Too much sodium leads to high blood pressure

36. Vitamin A
o For keeping skin and other body linings strong
o For normal skin
Deficiency problem: Dry and scaly skin, night blindness
Carrots,
green vegetables,
milk,
eggs,
fish,
butter,
pumpkins