Soil organic matter, Nutrients and Micronutrients, Pesticides effects

1. Topics
• Soil organic matter
• Nutrients
• Micronutrients
• Pesticides effects
Name Arooba

2. Soil organic matter (SOM)
Outline
• definition
• Composition of soil OM
• What does organic matter do in soil
• Significance of organic matter
• Effect on environment

3. Soil
•Outermost solid
layer of the earth
•Collection of
natural bodies
•Made up of
organic materials
•That support the
growth of plants
•Different from
substrate

4. Conti..

6. Composition of soil

7. What does organic matter do in soil?
• OM is most important component of soil
• OM serve as…
reservoir of nutrients
 water in soil
Help in reducing compaction
Reduce surface crusting
Increases water infiltration into the soil

8. Benefits of OM
• Improve the soil’s ability to take up and hold
water
• Improve the soil structure
• work like a sponge that absorb up to 90
percent water
• release most of the water that is absorbs to
water
• Release nutrients in soil that increases its
fertality

9. OM provides

10. SOM

11. Nutrients
 Outlines:
• Define term nutrients
• Tell what are nutrients?
• State balanced diet
• Types of nutrients
• Group nutrients

12. Nutrients
 chemical
substance found in
food
Which help the
body work
Maintain the body
balance
Provide
nourishment for
growth
We need 50
nutrients overall
That divided into
six groups

13. Why you need nutrients?
Your body need nutrients to…
• Fuel your body
• Help you to grow
• Repair yourself
• Maintain basic bodily functions
• Such as metabolism, growth and sexcual
functions etc.

15. Types of nutrients

16. Role Of 6 Major Nutrients
• Water (remove waste nutrients and regulate body
temperature)
• Protein (build new tissues, antibodies, enzymes and
hormones etc)
• Carbohydrate (provide energy)
• Fat (provide long term energy, insulation and
protection)
• Vitamins (facilitate use of other nutrients, regulate
growth and manufacturing hormones)
• Minerals (build bones and teeth, help in muscle
functioning and nervous system activity)

18. Macronutrients
And
Micronutrients
 Macronutrients
1) Nutrients that required in
large amount
2) E.g Protein, fiber, water
and carbohydrates
3) Cereals, legumes, meat,
fish, yams, potatoes, nuts,
oil and seeds are rich in
macronutrients
4) Provide bulk energy
needed for metabolic
system
 Micronutrients
1. Nutrients that require in
small amount
2. E.g photo chemicals,
antioxidants, vitamins and
certain minerals
3. Vegetables, fruits, eggs,
green, leafy vegetables
etc. are rich in
micronutrients
4. Help various functions of
the body, growth and
prevent diseases

19. Micronutrients
 Outlines
• Definition
• Introduction
• Source
• Importance
• Deficiency effect

20. Definition
• Essential elements required by organisms
• In varying quantity
• To orchestrate a range of physiological
functions
• And maintain health
• Their requirement differ between organisms
• E.g humans and other organisms require
numerous vitamins and dietary minerals
• But plants require specific nutrients.

21. Role of micronutrients
• Micronutrients play a central role in
metabolism and in maintenance of tissue
functions
• Vitamins and minerals are basic
micronutrients

23. Essential nutrients
for plants
• 7 nutrients essential for plant growth and health
• Needed in small quantity but very necessary
• Boron (regulate metabolism, transport
carbohydrate )
• Chlorine (necessary for osmosis, photosynthesis)
• Copper (work like enzymes)
• Iron (essential for chlorophyll synthesis)
• Manganesa (activate enzymes)
• Molybdenum (essential for plant health)
• Zinc (activate enzyme, chlorophll formation)

24. Essential nutrients
for humans
• Minerals and vitamins
• Require through out the life
• But in small quantity
• Nutrients (chromium, cobalt, copper, iodine,
iron, manganesa, molybdenum, selenium,
zinc)
• Vitamins (vitamin B complex B1, B2, B3, B5,
B6, B7, B9,B12, A, C, D, K)

25. VITAMINS

26. MINERALS

27. TYPE OF VITAMINS
• Water soluble (vitamin B group)
__ Dissolve easily in water
__ and excreted from the body
• Fat soluble (A, D, E and K)
__ absorbed through the intestinal tract
__ with the help of lipids (fats)

28. Function
of vitamins
• Acts as hormones
• Act as antioxidant
• Act as mediators
• Regulate cells and tissues growth
• Act as enzyme cofactor
• Act as a catalysts

29. Function
of minerals
• Ca __ play role in formation of bones
• Mg__ act as cofactor of enzyme
• Fe__ transportation of oxygen
• K__ regulate heart beat
• Zn__ boost body immunity and heal wounds
• Cl __ produce acid in stomach
• I __ produce thyroid hormones
• P __ synthesis DNA and bones
• Na __ balance pH
• Cu __ metabolize iron and enzymes
• Se __ functioning antioxidant enzymes

30. Pesticides effects
Outlines
• What are pesticides?
• Water pollution by pesticides
• Soil pollution by pesticides
• Air pollution by pesticides
• Resistance development