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Minerals1 complete to be taught
This document discusses minerals that are essential for human nutrition. It begins by stating that minerals are elements rather than organic compounds like vitamins. The document then discusses characteristics of minerals like their vital functions in the body, deficiency symptoms when not consumed enough, and classification as macro or trace minerals based on daily requirements. The rest of the document provides details on individual minerals, their functions, sources, and requirements or toxicity levels. It discusses calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, chloride, sodium, potassium, iron, iodine, zinc, copper, selenium, fluoride, chromium, molybdenum, and cobalt. Charts are included to show quantities of minerals in the human body and percent of body weight for some minerals.
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Similar to Minerals1 complete to be taught
Minerals1 complete to be taught
- 1. Minerals Dr. BettyJ. Larson, LRD, FADA
- 2. Objectives • Identifythe essential minerals for human nutrition • Identify the function of each mineral in human nutrition. • Identify the significant sources for each mineral.
- 3. Minerals in HumanNutrition • When we list a mineral as a required nutrient it is the pure element rather than an organic compound like we discussed in the vitamin unit.
- 4. Characteristics of theMinerals • It is the element that is essential rather than an organic compound as we examined in the vitamin unit. • Minerals perform vital functions – Enzymes – Body compounds – Electrolytes – Growth and development
- 5. • Deficiency symptomsdevelop when minerals are not available in the diet. • They are required in very small amounts. • Quantity of a mineral in the body is controlled by: – Amount absorbed – Amount excreted – Skin loss • Greater quantities of minerals in foods of animal origin. • Bioavailability
- 6. • Minerals areclassified as macromineral or major minerals if the requirement is 100 mg or more. • Minerals are classified as microminerals or trace minerals if the requirement is less than 100 mg. • There is a safe range of intake for the minerals just like for the vitamins. • Minerals interact with each other and with vitamins.
- 7. What minerals areyou aware of as nutrients and what do you know about them? What minerals do you want to learn more about?
- 8. Minerals in HumanNutrition • Calcium • Phosphorus • Magnesium • Sulfur • Chloride • Sodium • Potassium • Iron • Iodine • Zinc • Copper • Selenium • Fluoride • Chromium • Molybdenum • Cobalt
- 9. Minerals in HumanNutrition • Nickel • Vanadium • Arsenic • Boron • Possibly also: – Lithium – Silicon – Tin – Cadmium
- 10. Quantity of mineralsin an average 70 kg human 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Calcium Phosphorus Sulfur Potassium Sodium Chloride Magnesium Iron Copper Iodide Manganese Grams
- 11. Percent of bodyweight for specific minerals • Calcium 1.5-2.2 • Phosphorus.8-1.2 • Potassium .35 • Sulfur .25 • Sodium .15 • Chloride .05 • Magnesium.05 • Iron .004 • Manganese .0003 • Copper .00015 • Iodide .00004
- 12. Mineral Function •Minerals that are involved in Acid-Base Balance Acid Base Chloride Sodium Sulfur Potassium Phosphorus Magnesium Calcium • Acid Foods Base Foods Neutral Foods Meats Fruits Milk Fats Eggs Vegetables Sugar Oils Cereals Nuts Starch
- 13. Minerals that becomepart of our body compounds • Iodine • Iron • Chlorine • Copper • Molybdenum • Zinc
- 14. Minerals required for transmission of nerve impulses • Sodium • Potassium • Calcium
- 15. Maintenance of FluidBalance • Sodium • Potasssium
- 16. Minerals that arerequired for muscle contraction • Potassium • Sodium • Calcium • Magnesium
- 17. Minerals that arerequired for growth • Calcium • Phosphorus • Magnesium • Iron
- 18. Phosphorus • Functions – All biological reactions require ATP – Phospholipid component of cell membranes – Important in pH regulation – Essential compounds such as phospholipids • Sources: protein foods, phytates, additives, SODA • Toxicity: An issue with renal patients
- 19. Phosphorus • Calciumand Phosphorus should appear in the diet in a ratio of 2:1 for optimal absorption of calcium. Since we have a high soda intake our current ratio is calcium to phosphorus of 1:1.6
- 20. Magnesium • Function – Catalyst in biological reactions where energy is expended to facilitate the transfer of phosphorus – Create environment for conduction of nerve impulses and muscle contraction – Over 300 enzyme reactions. Sources: green foods, vegetables legumes, seafood, nuts, cereals. Deficiency: Possible for clients on diuretics due to losses.
- 21. Sulfur • Foundin every cell • Amino Acids: cysteine, methionine • Function: metabolism, blood clots, transfer energy, part of vitamins, detoxify, collagen synthesis. FDA restrictions on sulfur due to allergies.
- 22. Iodine • MinuteAmount required (1 microg/kg) • 3/4 of iodide in the body is in the thyroid • Thyroxin – Regulator of growth and development – Synthesis of protein – Synthesis of cholesterol – Conversion of carotene Deficiency: Goiter, Cretin Evaluation of Iodine Status: Myxedema Grave’s Disease
- 23. Sources of Iodinein the Adult Diet 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Dairy Meat Beverages Oils Potatoes Miscellaneous Percent
- 24. Copper as aMineral • Function: (Enzymes) – Aid iron absorption – Stimulate synthesis of heme – Release stored iron – Synthesis of phospholipids – Ctochrome oxidase – Tyrosine to melanin (albinism) • Deficiency: Menke’s Kinky Hair Syndrome, microcytic anemia • Toxicity: Wilson’s Disease
- 25. Sources of Copper > 8 ppm 2-8 ppm < 2 ppm > 8 ppm 2-8 ppm < 2 ppm Liver Liver Shell Fish Leafy Leafy Veg Milk Eggs Vegetables Butter Milk Shellfish Nuts Cocoa Eggs Meat Cheese Fish Sugar Butter Nuts Cherries Meat Poultry Fresh Cheese Mushrooms Peas/Beans Fruits/Veg Cocoa Whole-Grain Fish Refined Sugar Cherries Cereals Gelatin Poultry Cereals Fresh Fruits/ Mushrooms Peas/Beans Vegetables Whole-Grain Cereals Refined Cereals Gelatin
- 26. Chromium • EssentialMineral • Important in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism • Important in blood glucose maintenance • Part of glucose tolerance factor that enhances insulin action • Sources: Unrefined food, liver, whole grains, nuts, cheese
- 27. Chloride • Partof HCL in the stomach • Significant for conduction of nerve impulses • Source is table salt • Clients with prolonged vomiting show unusual chloride and other electrolyte levels.
- 28. Potassium • Functions: – Catalyst – Osmotic Pressure – Maintain acid-base balance – Transmit nerve impulses – Muscle relaxant Deficiency occurs in diarrhea, vomiting, diuretics Sources: Potatoes, bananas, orange juice
- 29. Selenium Selenium isa cofactor for activity of glutathione peroxidase. It therefore reduces the need for Vitamin E. Free Radical Harmless Glutathione Peroxidase Alcohol + water Radical X Cell Damage Vitamin E Neutralizes Free
- 30. Selenium Content ofFood • Dietary Intake in Microgram/day – New York 46 – Iowa 278 – Nebraska 313 – South Dakota 521 • Content of Pork Muscle in Microgram/Day 125 800 1140 1700
- 31. Manganese • Necessaryfor normal skeletal and connective tissue development • Acts as a catalyst or as part of enzymes • Estimated requirement 2.5-5 mg.
- 32. Fluoride • CAOH CA • CA FL CA • Modal Teeth