RHS Year 1 week 9 overview 2011
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1. The document outlines key concepts about photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, and nutrient and water transport in plants. It defines photosynthesis and respiration equations and describes how their efficiency is determined by various environmental factors. 2. Transportation of water and minerals within plants is described, including the processes of transpiration, diffusion, and osmosis. The roles of xylem and phloem tissues are explained. 3. How stomata control water release from leaves and how plants limit water loss through evaporation is covered. The effects of relative humidity and temperature on transpiration are also stated.
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1. The document discusses experiments to investigate the requirements of photosynthesis in plants, including the need for carbon dioxide, sunlight, and chlorophyll.
2. Experiment 1 tests if plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis by exposing one leaf to carbon dioxide and comparing starch production.
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1. Photosynthesis converts sunlight into chemical energy that plants use to produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water, and it releases oxygen as a byproduct. Glucose produced can be used for energy, cell walls, fats, proteins, or stored as starch.
2. Leaves are structured for maximum photosynthesis, with waxy cuticles to reduce water loss, and stomata and mesophyll layers for gas exchange. Carbon dioxide enters leaves through stomata while water enters through the roots and xylem.
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The document discusses plant transpiration and water transport. It covers:
1. Transpiration occurs through stomata in leaves and is driven by water evaporation and tension forces.
2. Water is transported from the roots to the leaves through xylem vessels. The cohesive properties of water and xylem structure allow transport under tension.
3. Environmental factors like temperature, humidity and light intensity affect transpiration rates, which can be measured using a potometer.
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The leave structure and functions
The leaf structure and what it does in it, the processes taking place, which is photosynthesis on this slides
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1. The document discusses experiments to investigate the requirements of photosynthesis in plants, including the need for carbon dioxide, sunlight, and chlorophyll.
2. Experiment 1 tests if plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis by exposing one leaf to carbon dioxide and comparing starch production.
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Autotrophs, such as plants, algae and some bacteria, are organisms that can produce their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide and water through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells and uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds like glucose. The overall process can be summarized as 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
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The document discusses plant nutrition, including the nutritional requirements of plants. It explains that plants require nine macronutrients and at least eight micronutrients to complete their life cycle. The symptoms of a mineral deficiency in plants depend on the mobility and function of the deficient element.
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Lateral expansion
1. Woody plants undergo extensive secondary growth through the development of vascular cambium, allowing for considerable lateral expansion.
2. The cambium produces wood through cell division, supporting large trees and transporting water and nutrients.
3. As the plant expands, the epidermis is disrupted and is replaced by a protective cork layer similar to the epidermis.
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This document discusses various topics related to plant nutrition including:
- The different modes of nutrition in plants including autotrophic nutrition via photosynthesis, heterotrophic nutrition by obtaining nutrients from other organisms as parasites or saprophytes, and symbiotic relationships.
- Key parts and processes involved in photosynthesis such as the role of chloroplasts and chlorophyll in leaves in absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.
- Other modes of heterotrophic nutrition including parasitic plants like cuscuta that derive nutrients from a host plant, and insectivorous plants that trap and digest insects for nutrients.
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2) Respiration converts glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water and energy in mitochondria. The equation is the reverse of photosynthesis. Efficiency is determined by temperature, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water availability.
3) Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to shoots through osmosis and transpirational pull. Phloem transports carbohydrates between plant parts using sieve tubes, sieve cells and companion cells.
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2. The key requirements for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and chlorophyll. Photosynthesis produces glucose and releases oxygen as a byproduct.
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Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds like glucose. It occurs in two stages: in the light-dependent reactions, sunlight is absorbed and used to split water into hydrogen, oxygen, and ATP; in the light-independent reactions, carbon dioxide is fixed into organic compounds like glucose using energy from ATP and hydrogen. Photosynthesis transformed Earth's early reducing atmosphere into an oxygen-rich one and was crucial for the evolution of complex multicellular life. The rate of photosynthesis is affected by factors like temperature, light intensity, and carbon dioxide concentration.
IB Biology Photosynthesis 2015
Photosynthesis uses light energy to produce chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates. It occurs in two stages: the light-dependent reactions where light energy is captured to produce ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reactions where carbon dioxide is fixed into carbohydrates using the ATP and NADPH produced previously. Chlorophyll, located in the thylakoid membranes, absorbs mainly blue and red light for photosynthesis while reflecting green light, giving leaves their green appearance. The chemical energy produced during photosynthesis is then used by organisms for growth, development and other life processes.
Stoichiometry
This document provides an overview of stoichiometry concepts including:
1) Balancing chemical equations and understanding coefficients and subscripts.
2) Determining limiting reagents and calculating product amounts based on reactant ratios.
3) Applying stoichiometric concepts to solve quantitative problems involving moles, masses, and volumes of reactants and products.
Important Helpful Biology revision notes--Must See
The document summarizes key information about cells, including:
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- Cells may specialize to carry out specific functions. Substances pass into and out of cells through diffusion or osmosis.
- Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to produce glucose and oxygen in plant cells containing chloroplasts. Factors like light intensity and temperature can limit photosynthesis.
- Enzymes act as catalysts for important processes like respiration and digestion. They work best within certain temperature and pH ranges.
Water Quality Management In Rivers
This document discusses various aspects of water quality management, including pollutants, oxygen demand, nutrients, and eutrophication of lakes. It notes that the nature of pollutants and aquatic life depend on factors like the river type, climate, and land use. Measuring dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, and nutrients can assess a river's ability to self-purify and the impact of waste discharge. Excessive nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen can lead to excessive algal growth and eutrophication in lakes.
8)Airway
This document provides an overview of the respiratory system, including its structures and functions. It describes the upper airway including the nose, mouth, pharynx and larynx. It then describes the lower airway structures like the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs. It discusses gas exchange that occurs in the lungs via diffusion between alveoli and capillaries. It also covers respiratory physiology including ventilation, respiration and gas exchange. Finally, it discusses respiratory assessment and various respiratory conditions like distress, failure and arrest as well as airway management techniques.
Matter2
The document discusses various concentration units used to express the amount of solute dissolved in a solution, including molarity (M), molality (m), percent by mass (% w/w), percent by volume (% w/v), parts per million (ppm), and mole fraction. It also covers concepts such as oxidation number, balancing redox equations, and stoichiometric calculations involving limiting reactants. Exercises with answers are provided to illustrate these topics.
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
The document discusses factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis in plants, including light intensity, carbon dioxide levels, and temperature. It states that initially increasing levels of these factors increases the photosynthesis rate, but the rate levels off at their maximum. Temperature peaks and then the rate decreases if it is too high. The role of the enzyme rubisco is also discussed, which incorporates carbon dioxide but can also incorporate oxygen if levels are high.
Neurological Emergencies
1. The document discusses various neurological emergencies including coma, seizures, syncope, and stroke. It provides guidance on assessing and managing the airway, breathing, and circulation for patients with an altered mental status.
2. For seizures, it describes different seizure types and emphasizes protecting the patient during a seizure and assessing them afterwards.
3. Syncope or fainting is discussed as a temporary loss of consciousness often due to low blood pressure or cardiac issues. Stroke signs like paralysis and speech problems are also outlined.
Photosynthesis
The document discusses photosynthesis and the factors that affect its rate. It explains that the three limiting factors of photosynthesis are light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature. Graphs show how the rate levels off or declines when these factors become limited. Horticulture can help reduce these limiting effects by providing extra lighting to greenhouses, increasing temperature which also releases more carbon dioxide, and allowing for increased and earlier crop yields under more controlled conditions.
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Similar to RHS Year 1 week 9 overview 2011
Photosynthesis part 1
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. Key early scientists like van Helmont, Priestly and Ingenhousz discovered that plants require sunlight to produce oxygen. The process occurs in chloroplasts and involves two stages - the light-dependent reactions where light energy is absorbed to make ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent Calvin cycle where carbon is fixed into glucose using the energy from the light reactions.
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This document discusses crop physiology and stress tolerance research conducted by Dr. Md. Tariqul Islam. It summarizes key plant processes like photosynthesis, transpiration, mineral absorption, and growth. It also describes different types of photosynthesis (C3, C4, CAM) and factors influencing photosynthesis like photorespiration. The document outlines common plant stresses and techniques used to measure growth parameters and analyze crop physiology experiments.
CHLOROPLAST.pptx
Inside plant cells are structures called chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight during photosynthesis. Photosynthesis has two stages - the light-dependent reaction where chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and converts it to chemical energy, and the light-independent Calvin cycle where this energy is used to produce glucose from carbon dioxide. Stomata on leaf surfaces regulate the intake of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and release of oxygen as a byproduct, and transport of water into and out of the leaf.
Photosynthesis class 10.pptx
Photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide, sunlight, water and chlorophyll. It occurs in leaves through light and dark reactions. In light reactions, sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll which drives the production of ATP and NADPH using water. In dark reactions, carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrates like glucose using ATP and NADPH in the Calvin cycle. The rate depends on factors like light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and water availability.
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This document summarizes key points from a lecture on adaptation to the physical environment of light, energy, and heat:
1) Light is the primary source of energy for the biosphere and plants capture this energy through photosynthesis. Photosynthesis exists in three main pathways - C3, C4, and CAM - which provide adaptations to different water and temperature conditions.
2) Temperature and light availability influence photosynthesis and respiration rates in plants. Plants exhibit a variety of adaptations related to photosynthetic pathways, leaf and root allocation, and nutrient uptake to optimize growth in different environmental conditions.
3) Animals maintain homeostasis using feedback systems to regulate internal conditions like temperature, water balance, and pH within survivable limits
Photosynthesis Notes
The document provides an overview of photosynthesis, including:
1) Photosynthesis uses light energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen through a two-stage process of light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
2) The light reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH. The Calvin cycle then uses this chemical energy to fix carbon from carbon dioxide into sugars.
3) Two photosystems, Photosystem I and Photosystem II, work together to drive electron transport and generate a proton gradient used to produce ATP through chemiosmosis.
Lesson plan powerpoint
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It occurs in two stages - the light dependent reactions that take place in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast and produce ATP, NADPH, and oxygen, and the light independent reactions that take place in the chloroplast stroma and use ATP and NADPH to produce glucose from carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis is essential to life on Earth as it provides oxygen for humans and animals to breathe and produces glucose that sustains life in plants.
Transport in plants AS Biology [jm]
Part I
Explain the need for transport systems in multicellular plants
Describe the distribution of xylem and phloem tissue in roots, stems and leaves
Explain the absorption process in roots
Describe transport mechanisms
Part II
List factors that affects rate transpiration
Describe xerophyte properties
List the series of events that leads to translocation
Photosynthesis
1. The document summarizes how photosynthesis works through light-dependent and light-independent reactions. It describes the process of capturing energy from sunlight to make ATP and NADPH, and then using these products to fix carbon dioxide and produce sugars.
2. Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts in plant cells, which contain thylakoid membranes where the light-dependent reactions occur. These reactions use light energy to convert water to oxygen and produce ATP and NADPH.
3. The light-independent reactions then use ATP and NADPH to fix carbon dioxide and produce glucose through the Calvin cycle. This provides the sugars and starches that plants need for growth and energy storage.
Science b2-summary-notes
This document provides notes on AQA GCSE Biology for Unit 2. It covers several topics:
- Cells and cell structures, including the structures and functions of plant, animal, yeast and bacterial cells.
- Tissues, organs and organ systems, explaining how cells differentiate and organize into tissues, organs, and systems to carry out functions.
- Photosynthesis, outlining the process by which plants use light energy to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
- Organisms and their environment, discussing physical factors that affect organisms and methods to collect quantitative data on populations and distributions.
- Proteins, explaining their structures and functions, including as enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and structural components.
Respiration.pptx
The three main functions of plants are photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration. Photosynthesis captures light energy to produce sugars, respiration metabolizes sugars to provide energy for growth and processes, and transpiration is the loss of water vapor through leaves which transports minerals and maintains turgor pressure.
5 plant photosynthasis
- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose.
- Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and algae that are the sites of photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy from the sun.
- The two main phases of photosynthesis are the light-dependent reactions, where light energy is absorbed and used to produce ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reactions, where CO2 is fixed using the ATP and NADPH produced to make glucose or other organic compounds.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis,Importance of Photosynthesis ,Structural feature of leaf advantage for photosynthesis,Leaf anatomy of C3 and C4 plants: etc.
Photosynthesis part 1
The document summarizes key experiments and discoveries in photosynthesis research from the 1600s to present. Jan van Helmont discovered in 1643 that most of a tree's mass comes from water, not soil. Joseph Priestly showed in 1771 that plants release oxygen. Jan Ingenhousz found in 1779 that plants need sunlight to produce oxygen. Later scientists like Calvin traced the chemical pathway that fixes carbon to form glucose in the Calvin Cycle.
Photosynthesis Topic.pptx
The document discusses photosynthesis and the structures involved in carrying out this process in plants. It describes how chloroplasts, which contain thylakoids, are where photosynthesis occurs within plant cells. Chloroplasts absorb light energy and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose through two stages - the light-dependent reactions in the thylakoids and the light-independent reactions in the chloroplast stroma. The chloroplasts and thylakoids play a key role in harvesting sunlight and producing chemical energy to fuel plant growth and provide food and oxygen.
Photosynthesis Lecture for Lesson 1
This document provides an overview of photosynthesis, including:
- Photosynthesis converts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into oxygen and glucose through a two-step process in chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which absorbs light energy and the thylakoid membranes where the light-dependent reactions occur.
- Autotrophs like plants use photosynthesis to produce their own food, and release oxygen into the atmosphere as a byproduct. Most of Earth's oxygen comes from phytoplankton in the ocean.
- Photosynthesis is essential to life on Earth as it provides oxygen for humans and animals to breathe and produces glucose that sustains plant life.
Photosynthesis (form 4 biology)
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It occurs in chloroplasts and involves the absorption of light by chlorophyll to energize electrons that drive a series of chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into organic compounds, such as glucose. These compounds can then be used to fuel plant growth and metabolism. Photosynthesis releases oxygen as a byproduct and is essential for producing the oxygen needed for aerobic respiration in animals and humans.
Photosynthesis
This document discusses photosynthesis in plants. It describes that photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts in plant leaves. The chloroplast contains thylakoids that are stacked to form grana. Photosynthesis has two parts - the light reaction which occurs in the grana and converts light energy to chemical energy in ATP, and the dark reaction which occurs in the chloroplast stroma and uses the energy from the light reaction to combine carbon from CO2 with hydrogen from water to form glucose. The overall equation for photosynthesis is provided.
61184498 chapter-6-nutrition
The document summarizes key discoveries and experiments in the history of understanding photosynthesis. It describes Jan Van Helmont's early experiment in the 1640s that showed plant mass comes from water, not soil. Later experiments by Priestley, Ingenhousz, Senebier, and others identified carbon dioxide as the source of plant mass and showed plants release oxygen during photosynthesis. The structure and functions of plant leaves and their adaptations are also outlined, followed by descriptions of the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis and factors like light, carbon dioxide, and temperature that affect the rate.
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RHS Year 1 week 9 overview 2011
- 1. RHS Level 2 Certificate Week 9 –Photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration and nutrient and water transport
- 6. e -
- 10. At low light intensity, rate of photosynthesis is proportional to light intensity. plateau
- 11. plateau At low CO 2 concentration, rate is positively correlated with concentration CO 2 is a substrate in an enyme-catalysed light-dependent reaction.
- 12. Increased temp. gives increased energy and increased rate of photosynthesis Optimum temperature Above the optimum temp., enzymes are denatured and rate drops steeply. Which enzymes are used in respiration?
Editor's Notes
- Photosynthesis title, definition and equation.
- Photoactivation of chlorophyll – electrons are excited and return to their original state, releasing oxygen.
- Light intensity affects rate of photosynthesis.
- CO2 affects rate of photosynthesis. CO2 is the substrate in carbon fixation (Calvin cycle) – rubisco is the enzyme.
- Temperature affects the rate of photosynthesis. Remember enzyme theory. Enzymes used in respiration: rubisco is the main one. ATP synthase can also be denatured.