Leaves are essential structures in plants responsible for photosynthesis, which converts sunlight into chemical energy to produce sugars while releasing oxygen as a by-product. They also play crucial roles in gas exchange, protection of buds, water transport, and food storage during germination. Additionally, leaves help maintain the water cycle and support the continued life on Earth through their various functions.

1. PLANTS Structure and Function LEAVES

2. Leaf Functions Manufacture food through photosynthesis Gas (Air) Exchange – Respiration Protect vegetative and floral buds Water Transport – Transpiration Store Food During Germination

4. Plants Manufacture Food Through Photosynthesis 3CO 2 + 3H 2 O light C 6 H 6 O 3 + 3O 2 Stage 1 : Energy is captured from sunlight Stage 2: Light energy is converted to chemical energy Stage 3: Chemical energy powers formation of organic compounds, using CO 2

5. What is Photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is the process which plants use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar.

6. The conversion of unusable sunlight energy into usable chemical energy, is associated with the actions of the green pigment chlorophyll .

7. Chlorophyll looks green because it absorbs red and blue light, making these colors unavailable to be seen by our eyes. The green light which is NOT absorbed reaches our eyes, making chlorophyll appear green. It is the energy from the red and blue light that are absorbed allowing the plant to do photosynthesis. The green light we can see is not / cannot be absorbed by the plant, and cannot be used for photosynthesis.

8. Most of the time, photosynthesis uses water and releases the oxygen that we absolutely must have to stay alive. And of course we need the food as well!

9. The overall chemical reaction of this process is: 6H2O + 6CO2 ----> C6H12O6+ 6O2 Translated it reads: six molecules of water plus six molecules of carbon dioxide produce one molecule of sugar plus six molecules of oxygen

11. Sugars produced by photosynthesis are used directly in respiration.

12. Respiration is the release of the energy derived from the food created by photosynthesis. It occurs all the time in all living cells. There are 2 different kinds of respiration:

13. Aerobic respiration: Occurs only in the presence of oxygen. It is the most common form of respiration. Both plants and animals use aerobic respiration. It is the opposite of photosynthesis (one molecule of glucose and six molecules of oxygen are broken up and reorganized by enzymes to give six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water. Basically, this process makes energy out of food

14. Anaerobic respiration: occurs only under special circumstances occurs in the absence of oxygen (for example: during the fermentation process)

15. Usually, photosynthesis will produce more glucose than is needed by the plant. The excess sugars are stored and transformed into starch, cellulose, lipids (fats) and other carbohydrates, proteins and sucrose.

16. Other Functions of Leaves While Photosynthesis is a very important part of the function of leaves, they have other responsibilities to the plant

17. Protect Vegetative and Floral Buds Leaves protect buds through the winter Juniper Mango Leaves protect floral bracts during development Poinsettia Globe artichoke

18. Important in the Water Cycle Leaves are a very important part of the water cycle, helping provide atmospheric water.

19. Water Transport – Transpiration

20. Water Transport – Transpiration

21. Leaves Provide the Oxygen We Breathe As part of Photosynthesis leaves release Oxygen as a by-product, or waste. Leaves use our by-product or waste, Carbon Dioxide, for photosynthesis This symbiotic relationship is required for the continuity of life

22. Gas (Air) Exchange – CO2 and O2

23. Leaves Store Food for the Future Germination (seeds sprouting) requires energy Leaves store energy (glucose) as a result of photosynthesis Seed leaves (cotyledons) are enclosed in the seed as food for the embryo plant

24. Store Food During Germination Cotyledons (Seed Leaves) Store Food While Seed Germinates Stores Food Until Plant Matures and Begins Photosynthesis

25. Leaves – a Significant and Important Structure of the Plant