1. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce their own food using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight through the action of chlorophyll. 2. The key requirements for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, and chlorophyll. Photosynthesis produces glucose and releases oxygen as a byproduct. 3. The rate of photosynthesis is affected by light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature - it proceeds fastest at around 40°C and declines above and below this temperature range.

1. Photosynthesis

2. Objective 1 To trace the primary food source in a food chain to the green plant

3. The Primary Food Source Green plants always found at the beginning of the food chain. Why? The only organisms that can produce their own food They are called producers

4. Objective 2 To define photosynthesis

5. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photo = light Synthesis = building up

6. DEFINITION Photosynthesis Process by which plants use water & carbon dioxide to make carbohydrates in the presence of light and chlorophyll . Oxygen is given off during the process.

7. Objective 3 To understand the conditions necessary for plants to make their own food

8. INTRODUCTION Yummy!!! What are the similarities between baking a cake and photosynthesis?

9. REQUIREMENTS Raw materials Carbon dioxide Water Conditions Chlorophyll Light energy

10. Answers Review 1 An organism that make its own food, e.g. green plant They make their own food by photosynthesis Review 2 Textbook pg 19 Review 3 Raw materials: water & carbon dioxide Conditions: sunlight & chlorophyll End products: oxygen & glucose

11. Objective 4 To outline the process of photosynthesis by which plants manufacture carbohydrates using raw materials To state that food is stored as starch in the plant

12. CARBON DIOXIDE From air Enters leaf by diffusion Pores: Stomata/Stoma Found underside of the leaf

13. Carbon dioxide

14. WATER From soil Absorb by root hair Enter by osmosis Transport by xylem vessel

15. Soil Water Water Root Hair To Xylem Vessel Water Water

16. CHLOROPHYLL Structure: Chloroplast Green pigment: Chlorophyll Absorb light energy

17. Leaf Plant Cell Chloroplast

18. LIGHT ENERGY Chlorophyll absorbs light energy from sun Light energy converted into chemical energy Chemical energy is needed to convert carbon dioxide to carbohydrate Series of chemical reactions

19. Xylem H 2 O CO 2 H 2 O H 2 O CO 2

20. Carbon Dioxide +Water Light Chlorophyll Glucose + Oxygen O 2 O 2 Surroundings STARCH

21. WORD EQUATION CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER GLUCOSE + OXYGEN LIGHT ENERGY CHLOROPHYLL

22. Review 4 Water, carbon dioxide, sunlight Chlorophyll It absorb the sunlight/light energy Chloroplasts The root hair absorb the water by osmosis Xylem vessel It enters through the stomata by diffusion Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen Light energy Chlorophyll

23. Objective 5 To state the conditions that affect the rate of photosynthesis

24. LIMITING FACTORS Rate of photosynthesis is affected by: carbon dioxide, light intensity and temperature

25. LIGHT INTENSITY Higher light intensity, faster the rate of photosynthesis After awhile, the rate will remain constant Due to limiting factors such carbon dioxide concentration or temperature

26. CARBON DIOXIDE Carbon dioxide in the air is 0.03% Increasing the carbon dioxide concentration to 0.1% increases the rate of photosynthesis After awhile the rate will remain constant due to limiting factor such as temperature and light intensity

27. TEMPERATURE Temperatures below 40°C, as it rises, the rate of photosynthesis is faster At 40°C, photosynthesis begins to decrease As temperature rises above 40°C, photosynthesis stop as the enzymes denatured

28. Other important things that plant need to grow Minerals Found in soil and fertilizers Magnesium: chlorophyll formation Nitrogen: for making proteins

29. Objective 6 To compare the conditions for healthy growth of ornamental plants and large scale crop productions

30. Ornamental Plants Use for decoration Usually grown in greenhouses

31. Ornamental Plants Conditions needed Types of soil – sand, organic matter Minerals – artificial or natural fertilizers Humidity - humid conditions better, by spraying and misting Temperature - warm Light - bright Carbon dioxide – burning fuels Water – watering plants Pests – hand pick/pesticides

32. Large scale crops Includes rice, wheat, vegetables Relies on farming methods and agricultural technology Plant in open field

33. Large scale crops Light, humidity, temperature and water – cannot be controlled Fertilizers – mostly used artificial fertilizers, machines Pests – planes to spray pesticides over farm areas

34. Experiment Question

35. Experiment: Testing for starch in green leaves What does hot water do to the leaf? Kills the leaf to stop photosynthesis What does the alcohol do to the leaf? Breaks down chlorophyll – take the green colour out of the leaf What is the original colour of iodine? brown What does it mean when iodine turn blue-black? Starch is present