Life of every organism depends on certain basic processes. Excretion is one among them. Different organisms follow different modes of excretion. In complex organisms including humans, there is a specialized system for excretion called human excretory system.
SCIENCE - Reproduction in plants (CLASS VII - CBSE BOARD)Pooja M
SCIENCE
Reproduction in plants
(CLASS VII)
CBSE BOARD
Types of reroduction in plants
tpes of asexual reproduction in plant
Vegetative propagation
Budding
Fragmentation
Spore formation
Sexual reproduction in plants
Parts of flower
Life of every organism depends on certain basic processes. Excretion is one among them. Different organisms follow different modes of excretion. In complex organisms including humans, there is a specialized system for excretion called human excretory system.
SCIENCE - Reproduction in plants (CLASS VII - CBSE BOARD)Pooja M
SCIENCE
Reproduction in plants
(CLASS VII)
CBSE BOARD
Types of reroduction in plants
tpes of asexual reproduction in plant
Vegetative propagation
Budding
Fragmentation
Spore formation
Sexual reproduction in plants
Parts of flower
Each organism in this world, whether it is a plant, an animal or a microorganism, is unique in itself. This uniqueness of individuals forms the basis of the diversity among the living organisms.
This presentation explores diversity in organisms. How are they classified and how are they studied.
IGCSE Biology - Chemical Coordination in Plantsmrexham
This PowerPoint answers the following questions:
Do you understand that plants respond to stimuli?
Can you give an example of positive phototropism?
How do plant roots and stems respond to gravity?
It covers section 3.3 of the IGCSE Edexcel Biology Course.
Seed is an important part of a flowering plant. They give rise to a new plant. They may be of different shapes, colours and sizes. They may be round, wrinkled, winged or hairy. They are in a dormant condition until they receive adequate sunlight, water, and soil. The growth of the plant from a seed is known as germination.
Each organism in this world, whether it is a plant, an animal or a microorganism, is unique in itself. This uniqueness of individuals forms the basis of the diversity among the living organisms.
This presentation explores diversity in organisms. How are they classified and how are they studied.
IGCSE Biology - Chemical Coordination in Plantsmrexham
This PowerPoint answers the following questions:
Do you understand that plants respond to stimuli?
Can you give an example of positive phototropism?
How do plant roots and stems respond to gravity?
It covers section 3.3 of the IGCSE Edexcel Biology Course.
Seed is an important part of a flowering plant. They give rise to a new plant. They may be of different shapes, colours and sizes. They may be round, wrinkled, winged or hairy. They are in a dormant condition until they receive adequate sunlight, water, and soil. The growth of the plant from a seed is known as germination.
Prime minister and the council of ministerskarthikgangula
icse class 10 chapter prime minister and the council of ministers
topics included are under the further reduced syllabus
Appointment, the formation of Council of ministers, tenure;
Position and powers of the Prime Minister.
Collective and individual responsibility of the members of the Cabinet.
The distinction between the Council of Ministers and the Cabinet.
ICSE CLASS 10 BIOLOGY
TOPICS COVERED ARE UNDER THE FURTHER REDUCED SYLLABUS
VISIT FOR MORE INFORMATION -https://cisce.org/UploadedFiles/PDF/8.BIOLOGY.pdf
MADE BY KARTHIK GANGULA
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. What is photosynthesis
● Photosynthesis is the process in which all green plants are able to
synthesise food from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of
chlorophyll and light energy
3. Importance of
photosynthesis
● Oxygen to breathe
○ Photosynthesis is the only biological process which releases oxygen
into the atmosphere. No living being can remain alive without oxygen
●
● Food for all
○ Photosynthesis is ultimately the source of energy for all living beings
○ Directly for plants (autotrophic)
○ Indirectly for animals who eat plants (heterotrophic)
4. Chlorophyll
and
chloroplasts
● Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in plants
● Chlorophyll is contained in microscopic cell
organelles called chloroplasts
● Chloroplasts are minute oval bodies bounded by
a double membrane
● Thylakoids are the closely packed flattened sacs
● Grana is the pile of thylakoids
● Stroma is the colourless ground in which grana
lie
● Chlorophyll is contained in the walls of the
thylakoids
● Mesophyll cells are the cells which contain the
chloroplasts
○ Located between upper and lower epidermis as well as
guard cells
5. Stomata and its role in
photosynthesis
● Stomata are the minute openings occuring in large numbers on the lower surface of the
leaves.
●
● The main function of the stomata is to let in CO2 from the atmosphere for photosynthesis
and when it is dark they close their openings to minimise loss of water through
transpiration.
●
● Transpiration occurs along with photosynthesis and is the price the plant pays for
photosynthesis.
●
● The stomata is opened and closed by the potassium ion concentration theorem
(other theorem not in syllabus)
6. Potassium ion (K+)
concentration theorem
● In this theory the opening and closing of the stomata is based on the generation of the
potassium ion gradient
●
● During daytime the chloroplasts in the guard cells produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
which actively pump the potassium ions of the adjacent cells into the guard cells
●
● When the potassium ion concentration of the guard cells increases they become
hypertonic drawing in more water making them turgid
●
● This causes the guard cells to move out and open the stomatal pore. The reverse happens
at night (cells become hypotonic and flaccid)
7. Process of photosynthesis
(step 1)
● Mesophyll cells on a leaf are the principal centres of the
photosynthesis.
●
● During the daytime the sunlight falls on the leaf and is trapped by
the upper layers of the mesophyll (palisade cells).
●
● This light energy is utilized in the chemical processes involved in
manufacturing of the food where the raw materials used are
carbon dioxide and water.
8. Process of photosynthesis
(step 2)
● Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere enters the leaf by diffusion
down a concentration gradient through the stomata (higher
concentration outside the leaf than inside the leaf)
●
9. Process of photosynthesis
(step 3)
● Water from the soil is taken by the roots and sent up through the
stem
●
● It is then finally distributed in the mesophyll tissue
●
● * The 6 molecules of water are reformed and not the original ones
10. The 2 main phases of photosynthesis
Light dependent phase
● This phase is also called photochemical phase because chemical reactions occur in very quick succession
initiated by light.
● This reaction takes place in the thylakoids
● Occurs in 2 main steps
○ Activation of chlorophyll
■ The chlorophyll gets activated on exposure to light energy by absorbing photons
○ Splitting of water
■ The absorbed energy is used in splitting water molecules into 2 components and releasing
electrons
● 2H2O → 4H + 4e + O2
○ The above reaction is called photolysis (splitting of light )
11. The 2 main phases of photosynthesis
End result of the products of photolysis
● The hydrogen ions are picked by a compound NADP to form NADPH
○ NADP+ + e- + H+ → NADPH
●
● The oxygen component is given out as O2
○ 2[O] → O2
●
● The electrons are used in converting ADP into energy rich compound ATP by adding one phosphate group
○ ADP + P → ATP
○ This process is called phosphorylation
○ Since energy used in the process is coming from light it is termed as photophosphorylation
12. The 2 main phases of photosynthesis
light independent reaction (dark reaction )
● This phase is also called biosynthetic phase because it synthesises food from simple inorganic
substances.
●
● This reaction occurs simultaneously with the light reaction
●
● Conversion of glucose into starch and other chemicals
○ Most green plants convert glucose into starch as soon it is formed during photosynthesis
○ Several sugar molecules are transformed to form 1 molecule of starch
■ This process is called polymerisation
○ Some plants change glucose into sucrose or some into oils
13. Adaptations in leaf to
perform photosynthesis
● Large surface area
○ A large surface area allows for maximum light absorption
● Leaf arrangement
○ Leaf arrangement is at the right angle to light source for maximum light
● Numerous stomata
○ Numerous stomata allow for rapid exchange for gases
● Extensive vein system
○ Allows for rapid transport to and from the mesophyll cells
14. Carbon cycle
● Photosynthesis : Green plants use the carbon dioxide in the air to produce carbohydrates
●
● Food chains : Through the food chains the food passes from plants to the animals.
a. Carbon is an essential part of plants and animal tissues
●
● Respiration : All plants and animals respire by oxidising carbohydrates in their cells to produce
energy to give out carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
●
● Decay :The dead matter of plants and animals are consumed by the bacteria and break down into
organic matter releasing carbon dioxide
●
● Combustion : when fuel is burnt the carbon containing in it is oxidised into carbon dioxide all
fuels come from living organisms