The document describes a children detection system consisting of radar and communication components. The radar system uses a 5 GHz signal to detect children up to 1000m away from the school and transmits location information in real-time. Key radar blocks include a tone generator, filters, mixers, amplifiers, and antenna. The communication system operates at 2.4 GHz with a 20dBi antenna gain and transmits location data up to 100km. It receives signals down to -90dBm and has less than 3dB noise figure. Hand calculations confirm a detection range of over 1000m and received power of -75.64dBm at 100km.

1. Children Detection System
Group 4#
CHENGLING YANG(RADAR-TX)
JIANBO ZHONG(RADAR-RX)
MENG WEI(COMM-RX)
HE LIU(COMM-TX)

2. Introduction:
Children’s safety comes first to their parents and school.
Sometimes due to their immaturity, the lack of judgment
on the danger， they would go to the dangerous area
intentionally or unintentionally. To ensure the safety of
children, our system is designed to accomplish following
function:
1. Detect the location if children go too far away from
the school for a set time (such as 10 mins).
2. The child’s location information would send to the
central station in real-time.
1. Project Overview

3. • System Architecture
Communication channel
Control Center Kindergarten
Safe area
Radar channel

4. Justification
1.High accuracy
2.Real - time communication
3.High device reliability
4.Easy to implement and operate
5. Less labor

5. • Block Diagram--Radar
To
n
e
G
e
n
er
at
or
BPF
Driver AmpMixer
BPF BPF
Mixer
Power Amp
Received
Signal
Antenna
RX Antenna
LNA
LNA
Tone
Power
AMP
BPF
OSC
OSC
Circulator

6. • Top Level Specification--Radar
Parameter Specification
Operation Frequency (GHz) 5
Detection Range (m) >1000
TX Gain (dB) 56.2
RX Gain (dB) 57.8
Radar Cross Section (RCS) (𝑚2
) 1
Antenna Type Dish
Minimum Detectable Signal (dBm) -90
Radar Transmit Power (dBm) 28.2

7. • Block Diagram--Communication
Tone
Gene
-
radar
BPF BPF
LO
AMP
Mixer
Baseband
Signal
BPF BPF
LO
Mixer
COM-TX
TX Antenna
RX Antenna
LNA
LNA
AMP
COM-RX

8. • Top Level Specification--Communication
Parameter Specification
Frequency (GHz) 2.4
Antenna gain(TX) (dBi) 20
Antenna gain(RX) (dBi) 20
Noise Figure (dB) <3
Transmitting power(Pt) (dBm) >23
Antenna receiving power(Pr) (dBm) >-90
Antenna type Grid
Communication range (Km) 100

9. Diagram
2.Radar-TX
TONE
ID=A1
FRQ=0.3 GHz
PWR=-28 dBm
PHS=0 Deg
CTRFRQ=
SMPFRQ=
ZS=_Z0 Ohm
TN=_TAMB DegK
NOISE=Auto
PNMASK=
PNOISE=No phase noise
fc: 0.3 GHz
SPwr: 0.00158489 mW
SPwr: -28 dBm
AMP_B
ID=A2
GAIN=18 dB
P1DB=24 dBm
IP3=38 dBm
IP2=
MEASREF=
OPSAT=
NF=2.4 dB
NOISE=Auto
RFIFRQ=
fc: 0.3 GHz
SPwr: 0.0999969 mW
SPwr: -10.0001 dBm
IN OUT
LO
MIXER_B
ID=A3
MODE=DIFF
LOMULT=1
FCOUT=
RFIFRQ=
GCONV=-2 dB
P1DB=17 dBm
IP3=24 dBm
LO2OUT=-25 dB
IN2OUT=-20 dB
LO2IN=-25 dB
OUT2IN=-25 dB
PLO=
PLOUSE=Spur reference only
PIN=
PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only
NF=9 dB
NOISE=Auto
fc: 5 GHz
SPwr: 0.0500249 mW
SPwr: -13.0081 dBm
BPFB
ID=F1
LOSS=2.5 dB
N=3
FP1=4.983 GHz
FP2=5.016 GHz
AP=3.0103 dB
NOISE=Auto
fc: 5 GHz
SPwr: 0.0264762 mW
SPwr: -15.7714 dBm
AMP_B
ID=A4
GAIN=30 dB
P1DB=33 dBm
IP3=49 dBm
IP2=
MEASREF=
OPSAT=
NF=5.5 dB
NOISE=Auto
RFIFRQ=
fc: 5 GHz
SPwr: 720.607 mW
SPwr: 28.577 dBm
TONE
ID=A6
FRQ=5.3 GHz
PWR=-10 dBm
PHS=0 Deg
CTRFRQ=
SMPFRQ=
ZS=_Z0 Ohm
TN=_TAMB DegK
NOISE=Auto
PNMASK=
PNOISE=No phase noise
fc: 5.3 GHz
SPwr: 0.1 mW
SPwr: -10 dBm
TP
ID=TP1
TP
ID=TP2
TP
ID=TP4
TP
ID=TP5 TP
ID=TP6
BPFB
ID=F2
LOSS=1 dB
N=3
FP1=0.251 GHz
FP2=0.349 GHz
AP=3.0103 dB
NOISE=Auto
fc: 0.3 GHz
SPwr: 0.0793341 mW
SPwr: -11.0054 dBm
TP
ID=TP3
AMP_B
ID=A5
GAIN=14.5 dB
P1DB=18 dBm
IP3=27 dBm
IP2=
MEASREF=
OPSAT=
NF=3.2 dB
NOISE=Auto
RFIFRQ=
fc: 5 GHz
SPwr: 0.744042 mW
SPwr: -1.28403 dBm
1 2
3
CIRCULATOR
ID=S1
LOSS=0.4 dB
ISOL=18 dB
VSWR=1.25
NOISE=Auto
Z=_Z0 Ohm
fc: 5 GHz
SPwr: 657.202 mW
SPwr: 28.177 dBm
fc: 5 GHz
SPwr: 11.4209 mW
SPwr: 10.577 dBm
TP
ID=TP7
LOAD
ID=S2
Z=_Z0 Ohm

10. Simulation Result
Radar_Transmit
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
TONE (A1@1) AMP_B (A2@2) BPFB (F2@2) MIXER_B (A3@2) BPFB (F1@2) AMP_B (A5@2) AMP_B (A4@2) CIRCULATOR (S1@2)
p1
p2
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
56.2 dB
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
28.2 dBm
DB(|P_node(TP.TP1,TP.TP7,0,1,0)|)[1] (dBm)
radar_transmit
DB(C_GP(TP.TP1,TP.TP7,1,0,0))[1]
radar_transmit
p2: Power Gain, Cumulative, dB
Freq = 5 GHz
p1: Signal Node Power, dBm
Freq = 5 GHz

11. Yield Analysis
Radar_Transmit
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
TONE (A1@1) AMP_B (A2@2) BPFB (F2@2) MIXER_B (A3@2) BPFB (F1@2) AMP_B (A5@2) AMP_B (A4@2) CIRCULATOR (S1@2)
p1
p2
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
16.5 dBm
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
34 dBm
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
44.5 dB
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
62 dB
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
56.2 dB
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
28.2 dBm
DB(|P_node(TP.TP1,TP.TP7,0,1,0)|)[1] (dBm)
radar_transmit
DB(C_GP(TP.TP1,TP.TP7,1,0,0))[1]
radar_transmit
p2: Power Gain, Cumulative, dB
Freq = 5 GHz
p1: Signal Node Power, dBm
Freq = 5 GHz

12. where, ft = 5 GHz,, c = 3×108 m/s.
The minimum detectable received power (Pmin) is -90 dBm.
Detection Range
where, ft = 5 GHz Pt = 28.2 dBm, G = 30.5 dB, λ = c/ft = 0.06 m, σ = 1 m2.
Power Added Efficiency for TX
where, input RF power is, Pin = -28dBm, output RF power is, Pout = 28.2dBm, and total
DC power consumption is, PDC = PLNA + PDA + PPA + Pmixer = 6517 mW
EIRP=𝑃𝑡 + 𝐺 = 28.2𝑑𝐵𝑚 + 30.5𝑑𝐵 = 58.7𝑑𝐵𝑚 = 28.7𝑑𝐵𝑊
Hand Calculation-Radar TX
𝑃𝐴𝐸 =
𝑃𝑂𝑈𝑇 − 𝑃𝐼𝑁
𝑃 𝐷𝐶
= 10.1%
𝑅max = [
𝑃 𝑇 𝐺2λ2σ
𝑃 𝑚𝑖𝑛(4π)3]1/4
= 1108.75m

13. Low Noise Amplifier

14. Band Pass Filter

15. MIXER

16. Oscillator

17. Band Pass Filter

18. DRIVER AMP

19. Power Amplifier

20. CIRCULATOR

21. ANTENNA

22. Schematic
3.Communication-RX
AMP_B
ID=A2
GAIN=24 dB
P1DB=23 dBm
IP3=36 dBm
IP2=
MEASREF=
OPSAT=
NF=0.95 dB
NOISE=Auto
RFIFRQ=
fc: 2.4 GHz
SPwr: -51.64 dBm
AMP_B
ID=A4
GAIN=23 dB
P1DB=19 dBm
IP3=33 dBm
IP2=
MEASREF=
OPSAT=
NF=0.7 dB
NOISE=Auto
RFIFRQ=
fc: 0.2 GHz
SPwr: -38.65 dBm
BPFB
ID=F1
LOSS=1.3 dB
N=5
FP1=0.125 GHz
FP2=0.25 GHz
AP=0.01 dB
NOISE=Auto
fc: 0.2 GHz
SPwr: -61.65 dBm
BPFB
ID=F2
LOSS=0.7 dB
N=3
FP1=2.3 GHz
FP2=2.6 GHz
AP=0.1 dB
NOISE=Auto
fc: 2.4 GHz
SPwr: -52.3478 dBm
IN OUT
LO
MIXER_B
ID=A3
MODE=DIFF
LOMULT=1
FCOUT=
RFIFRQ=
GCONV=-8 dB
P1DB=20 dBm
IP3=35 dBm
LO2OUT=-25 dB
IN2OUT=-20 dB
LO2IN=-25 dB
OUT2IN=-25 dB
PLO=
PLOUSE=Spur reference only
PIN=
PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only
NF=10.5 dB
NOISE=Auto
fc: 0.2 GHz
SPwr: -60.3478 dBm
TONE
ID=A1
FRQ=2.4 GHz
PWR=-75.64 dBm
PHS=0 Deg
CTRFRQ=
SMPFRQ=
ZS=_Z0 Ohm
TN=_TAMB DegK
NOISE=Auto
PNMASK=
PNOISE=No phase noise
fc: 2.4 GHz
SPwr: -75.64 dBm
TONE
ID=A6
FRQ=2.6 GHz
PWR=10 dBm
PHS=0 Deg
CTRFRQ=
SMPFRQ=
ZS=_Z0 Ohm
TN=_TAMB DegK
NOISE=Auto
PNMASK=
PNOISE=No phase noise
fc: 2.6 GHz
SPwr: 10 dBm
TP
ID=TP1
TP
ID=TP2
TP
ID=TP3
TP
ID=TP4
TP
ID=TP5
TP
ID=TP6

23. Yield Analysis_Power Gain
communication RX results_C_GP
0
10
20
30
40
50
AMP_B (A2@2) BPFB (F2@2) MIXER_B (A3@2) BPFB (F1@2) AMP_B (A4@2)
p1
AMP_B.A4@2
27.17 dB
AMP_B.A4@2
46.79 dB
AMP_B.A4@2
36.99 dB
DB(C_GP(TP.TP1,TP.TP6,1,0,0))[1]
RX
p1: Power Gain, Cumulative, dB
Freq = 0.2 GHz

24. Yield Analysis_OIP3
communication RX results_C_NF
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
AMP_B (A2@2) BPFB (F2@2) MIXER_B (A3@2) BPFB (F1@2) AMP_B (A4@2)
p1
AMP_B.A4@2
1.842 dB
AMP_B.A4@2
2.827 dB
AMP_B.A4@2
2.153 dB
DB(C_NF(TP.TP1,TP.TP6,0,1,0,0))[1]
RX
p1: Cascaded Noise Figure, Signal, Cumulative, dB
Freq = 0.2 GHz
communication RX results_C_IP3
10
20
30
40
50
AMP_B (A2@2) BPFB (F2@2) MIXER_B (A3@2) BPFB (F1@2) AMP_B (A4@2)
p1
AMP_B.A4@2
27.35 dBm
AMP_B.A4@2
39.26 dBm
AMP_B.A4@2
32.78 dBm
DB(C_IP3(TP.TP1,TP.TP6,1,1,0,0))[1] (dBm)
RX
p1: Cascaded OIP3, dBm
Freq = 0.2 GHz

25. Yield Analysis_NF
communication RX results_C_NF
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
AMP_B (A2@2) BPFB (F2@2) MIXER_B (A3@2) BPFB (F1@2) AMP_B (A4@2)
p1
AMP_B.A4@2
1.842 dB
AMP_B.A4@2
2.827 dB
AMP_B.A4@2
2.153 dB
DB(C_NF(TP.TP1,TP.TP6,0,1,0,0))[1]
RX
p1: Cascaded Noise Figure, Signal, Cumulative, dB
Freq = 0.2 GHz

26. • Hand Calculation
𝜆 =
𝑐
𝑓
= 0.125𝑚, 𝑅target = 100𝐾𝑚, 𝐺𝑡 = 20𝑑𝐵𝑖, 𝐺𝑟 = 20𝑑𝐵𝑖,𝑃𝑡 = 24.4𝑑𝐵𝑚
10log10
𝜆2
(4𝜋𝑅)2
= −140.4𝑑𝐵
𝑁𝐹 = 2.15𝑑𝐵
Received power at nominal condition (R=100km):
𝑃𝑟 = 𝑃𝑡 + 𝐺𝑡 + 𝐺𝑟 + 10log10
𝜆2
(4𝜋𝑅)2 = −75.64𝑑𝐵𝑚
-90dBm=𝑃𝑡 + 𝐺𝑡 + 𝐺𝑟 + 10log10(𝜆/4πR)2
So from equation above we can get
𝑅 𝑚𝑎𝑥= 552.3km

27. Antenna
 Key Features
Low price
Reasonable Frequency Range

28. Low-Noise Amplifier
 Key Features
Reasonable Gain, Low NF

29.  Key Features
Low Insertion Loss
Key Electrical Specifications
Model BPF-WiMAX 2.3-2.6/5-1x2
Centre Frequency Stated with 2.3-2.6Ghz
Pass Range Width 30Mhz
Insertion Loss ≤0.8dB, typ. 0.7dB

30. Mixer
 Key Features
Reasonable RF and IF Frequency Range
Low conversion loss
Mixer

31.  Key Features
Low Phase Noise
Reasonable Frequency Range
Oscillator

32. Bandpass Filter
 Key Features
Low Insertion Loss
Reasonable Pass band
Key Electrical Specifications
Frequency Range 0.125 – 0.25GHz
Insertion Loss 1.3 dB

33. Low Noise Amplifier
 Key Features
High IP3
Low Noise Figure

34. 4.Project Summary
• Compliance Matrix-Radar
Parameter Theoretical Value Actual Value Compliant
Operation Frequency
(GHz)
5 5 YES
Detection Range (m) 1000 1108.75 YES
Radar Cross Section
(RCS) (m2)
1 1 YES
Antenna type (size)
DISH DISH YES
Output power (dBm)
28.2 28.2 YES
Minimum Detectable
Signal (dBm)
-90 -90 YES
Antenna gain (dB) 30.5 30.5 YES

35. • Compliance Matrix-Communication
Parameter Theoretical Value Actual Value Compliant
Up link frequency
(GHz)
2.4 2.4 YES
Antenna gain(TX) (dBi) 20 20 YES
Antenna gain(RX) (dBi) 20 20 YES
Noise Figure (dB)
<3 2.153 YES
Transmitting power(Pt)
(dBm)
>23 24.4 YES
Receiving power(RX)
(dBm)
>-90 -75.6 YES
Antenna type Grid Grid YES

36. • DC power Consumption
Item Name Power Item Name Power
Radar-TX
LNA 1.04W
Radar-RX
LNA 1.2W
Oscillator 0.255W Oscillator 0.255W
Mixer 0.027W Mixer 0.027W
Power Amp 4.65W Power Amp 0.75W
Driver Amp 0.8W - -
Antenna 100W Antenna 100W
Comm-TX
IF Amplifier 270mW
Comm-RX
RF Amplifier 350mW
Oscillator 60mW Oscillator 60mW
Mixer 200mW Mixer 200mW
RF Amplifier 350mW IF Amplifier 270mW
Antenna 100W Antenna 100W

37. • 110V AC , Radar
• 5V DC to component
DC Power Source

38. Health , Environment & Consumer Issues
Because this system is working for kindergarten, healthy issue comes very
important to us.
Health: ANSI/IEEE Standard C95.1-1992 sets the safe radiation power density limit
as 10mw/cm2.
Due to the function : 𝑃 =
𝐸𝐼𝑅𝑃
4𝜋𝑅2 = 1.5 m𝑊/𝑐𝑚2
Which is reasonable distance.
Environment : No pollution..
System Minimum Safety Distance (m)
Radar Channel 1.21
Communication Channel (2.4GHz) 0.45

39. Sub-system Categories Price(USD)
Radar System TX 198
RX 198
ANT 244
Communication System TX 176
RX 173
ANT 98
Total - 1087
Financial Issues

40. Schedule
Start Date Finish Date
Build the system diagram 10/1/2016 10/10/2016
Design & simulation 10/11/2016 10/20/2016
Radar module design 10/21/2016 10/31/2016
Comm module design 11/1/2016 11/10/2016
Business Analysis 11/11/2016 11/15/2016
Integration system 11/16/2016 11/20/2016
Fabrication and Test 11/21/2016 11/30/2016

41. Q&A
Thank you

42. Appendix

43. TONE
ID=A1
FRQ=5 GHz
PWR=-88.2 dBm
PHS=0 Deg
CTRFRQ=
SMPFRQ=
ZS=_Z0 Ohm
TN=_TAMB DegK
NOISE=Auto
PNMASK=
PNOISE=No phase noise
fc: 5 GHz
SPwr: 1.51356e-9 mW
SPwr: -88.2 dBm
BPFB
ID=F1
LOSS=2.5 dB
N=3
FP1=4.983 GHz
FP2=5.016 GHz
AP=3.0103 dB
NOISE=Auto
fc: 5 GHz
SPwr: 5.0544e-7 mW
SPwr: -62.9633 dBm
AMP_B
ID=A2
GAIN=28 dB
P1DB=10 dBm
IP3=20 dBm
IP2=
MEASREF=
OPSAT=
NF=1 dB
NOISE=Auto
RFIFRQ=
fc: 5 GHz
SPwr: 9.54993e-7 mW
SPwr: -60.2 dBm
IN OUT
LO
MIXER_B
ID=A4
MODE=DIFF
LOMULT=1
FCOUT=
RFIFRQ=
GCONV=-2 dB
P1DB=17 dBm
IP3=24 dBm
LO2OUT=-25 dB
IN2OUT=-20 dB
LO2IN=-25 dB
OUT2IN=-25 dB
PLO=
PLOUSE=Spur reference only
PIN=
PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only
NF=9 dB
NOISE=Auto
fc: 0.3 GHz
SPwr: 3.18911e-7 mW
SPwr: -64.9633 dBm
TONE
ID=A5
FRQ=5.3 GHz
PWR=-10 dBm
PHS=0 Deg
CTRFRQ=
SMPFRQ=
ZS=_Z0 Ohm
TN=_TAMB DegK
NOISE=Auto
PNMASK=
PNOISE=No phase noise
fc: 5.3 GHz
SPwr: 0.1 mW
SPwr: -10 dBm
TP
ID=TP1 TP
ID=TP2
BPFB
ID=F2
LOSS=1 dB
N=3
FP1=0.251 GHz
FP2=0.349 GHz
AP=3.0103 dB
NOISE=Auto
fc: 0.3 GHz
SPwr: 2.53013e-7 mW
SPwr: -65.9686 dBm
AMP_B
ID=A6
GAIN=36 dB
P1DB=8 dBm
IP3=18 dBm
IP2=
MEASREF=
OPSAT=
NF=1.3 dB
NOISE=Auto
RFIFRQ=
fc: 0.3 GHz
SPwr: 0.00100723 mW
SPwr: -29.9687 dBm
TP
ID=TP3
TP
ID=TP4
TP
ID=TP5
TP
ID=TP6
1 2
3
CIRCULATOR
ID=S1
LOSS=0.4 dB
ISOL=18 dB
VSWR=1.25
NOISE=Auto
Z=_Z0 Ohm
fc: 0.3 GHz
SPwr: 0.000918606 mW
SPwr: -30.3687 dBm
fc: 0.3 GHz
SPwr: 1.59635e-5 mW
SPwr: -47.9687 dBm
TP
ID=TP7
LOAD
ID=S2
Z=_Z0 Ohm
1.Radar-RX

44. Simulation Results
Radar_Receive
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
AMP_B (A2@2) BPFB (F1@2) MIXER_B (A4@2) BPFB (F2@2) AMP_B (A6@2) CIRCULATOR (S1@2)
p3
p2
p1
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
17.6 dBm
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
1.087 dB
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
57.83 dB
DB(C_GP(TP.TP1,TP.TP7,1,0,0))[1]
radar_receive
DB(C_NF(TP.TP1,TP.TP7,0,1,0,0))[1]
radar_receive
DB(C_IP3(TP.TP1,TP.TP7,1,1,0,0))[1] (dBm)
radar_receive
p1: Power Gain, Cumulative, dB
Freq = 0.3 GHz
p2: Cascaded OIP3, dBm
Freq = 0.3 GHz
p3: Cascaded Noise Figure, Signal, Cumulative, dB
Freq = 0.3 GHz

45. Yield analysis
Radar_Receive
0
20
40
60
80
AMP_B (A2@2) BPFB (F1@2) MIXER_B (A4@2) BPFB (F2@2) AMP_B (A6@2) CIRCULATOR (S1@2)
p3
p2
p1
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
0.8362 dB
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
1.801 dB
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
14 dBm
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
21.14 dBm
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
45.33 dB
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
70.62 dB
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
17.6 dBm
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
1.087 dB
CIRCULATOR.S1@2
57.83 dB
DB(C_GP(TP.TP1,TP.TP7,1,0,0))[1]
radar_receive
DB(C_NF(TP.TP1,TP.TP7,0,1,0,0))[1]
radar_receive
DB(C_IP3(TP.TP1,TP.TP7,1,1,0,0))[1] (dBm)
radar_receive
p1: Power Gain, Cumulative, dB
Freq = 0.3 GHz
p2: Cascaded OIP3, dBm
Freq = 0.3 GHz
p3: Cascaded Noise Figure, Signal, Cumulative, dB
Freq = 0.3 GHz

46. Hand Calculation-Radar RX
When R=1000m (designed range ) , 𝑃𝑟 is the
input power.
𝑃𝑟=
𝑃𝑡G2λ2б
(4π)3R4=1.15e-9=-88.2dBm
where, ft = 5 GHz, Pt = 28.2 dBm, G = 30.5 dB, λ = c/ft = 0.06 m, σ = 1 m2.

47. RX LNA

48. Band Pass Filter

49. Mixer

50. Band Pass Filter

51. Power Amplifier

52. 2.Communication-TX
schematic
AMP_B
ID=A2
GAIN=23 dB
P1DB=19 dBm
IP3=33 dBm
IP2=
MEASREF=
OPSAT=
NF=0.7 dB
NOISE=Auto
RFIFRQ=
fc: 0.2 GHz
SPwr: 14.8132 dBm
AMP_B
ID=A4
GAIN=24 dB
P1DB=23 dBm
IP3=36 dBm
IP2=
MEASREF=
OPSAT=
NF=0.95 dB
NOISE=Auto
RFIFRQ=
fc: 2.4 GHz
SPwr: 23.9118 dBm
BPFB
ID=F1
LOSS=0.7 dB
N=3
FP1=2.3 GHz
FP2=2.6 GHz
AP=0.1 dB
NOISE=Auto
fc: 2.4 GHz
SPwr: 4.70687 dBm
BPFB
ID=F2
LOSS=1.3 dB
N=5
FP1=0.125 GHz
FP2=0.25 GHz
AP=0.1 dB
NOISE=Auto
fc: 0.2 GHz
SPwr: 13.5104 dBm
IN OUT
LO
MIXER_B
ID=A3
MODE=DIFF
LOMULT=1
FCOUT=
RFIFRQ=
GCONV=-8 dB
P1DB=20 dBm
IP3=35 dBm
LO2OUT=-25 dB
IN2OUT=-20 dB
LO2IN=-25 dB
OUT2IN=-25 dB
PLO=
PLOUSE=Spur reference only
PIN=
PINUSE=IN2OUTH Only
NF=10.5 dB
NOISE=Auto
fc: 2.4 GHz
SPwr: 5.41462 dBm
TONE
ID=A1
FRQ=0.2 GHz
PWR=-8 dBm
PHS=0 Deg
CTRFRQ=
SMPFRQ=
ZS=_Z0 Ohm
TN=_TAMB DegK
NOISE=Auto
PNMASK=
PNOISE=No phase noise
fc: 0.2 GHz
SPwr: -8 dBm
TONE
ID=A6
FRQ=2.6 GHz
PWR=10 dBm
PHS=0 Deg
CTRFRQ=
SMPFRQ=
ZS=_Z0 Ohm
TN=_TAMB DegK
NOISE=Auto
PNMASK=
PNOISE=No phase noise
fc: 2.6 GHz
SPwr: 10 dBm
TP
ID=TP1
TP
ID=TP2
TP
ID=TP3
TP
ID=TP4
TP
ID=TP5
TP
ID=TP6

53. Nominal Analysis_Power Gain & IP_Node
communication TX nominal results
-10
0
10
20
30
40
TONE (A1@1) AMP_B (A2@2) BPFB (F2@2) MIXER_B (A3@2) BPFB (F1@2) AMP_B (A4@2)
p2
p3
AMP_B.A4@2
32.4 dB
AMP_B.A4@2
24.4 dBm
DB(C_GP(TP.TP1,TP.TP6,1,0,0))[1]
TX
DB(|P_node(TP.TP1,TP.TP6,0,1,0)|)[1] (dBm)
TX p3: Power Gain, Cumulative, dB
Freq = 2.4 GHz
p2: Signal Node Power, dBm
Freq = 2.4 GHz

54. communication TX results
-10
0
10
20
30
40
TONE (A1@1) AMP_B (A2@2) BPFB (F2@2) MIXER_B (A3@2) BPFB (F1@2) AMP_B (A4@2)
p2
p3
AMP_B.A4@2
32.77 dB AMP_B.A4@2
27.59 dB
AMP_B.A4@2
24.77 dBm
AMP_B.A4@2
19.66 dBm
AMP_B.A4@2
32.4 dB
AMP_B.A4@2
24.4 dBm
DB(C_GP(TP.TP1,TP.TP6,1,0,0))[1]
TX
DB(|P_node(TP.TP1,TP.TP6,0,1,0)|)[1] (dBm)
TX p3: Power Gain, Cumulative, dB
Freq = 2.4 GHz
p2: Signal Node Power, dBm
Freq = 2.4 GHz
Yield Analysis

55. Low Noise Amplifier
Key Features
High IP3
Low Noise Figure

56. Bandpass Filter
 Key Features
Low Insertion Loss
Reasonable Passband
Key Electrical Specifications
Frequency Range 0.125 – 0.25GHz
Insertion Loss 1.3 dB

57. Mixer
 Key Features
Reasonable RF and IF Frequency Range
Low conversion loss

58.  Key Features
Low Phase Noise
Reasonable Frequency Range

59.  Key Features
Low Insertion Loss
Key Electrical Specifications
Model BPF-WiMAX 2.3-2.6/5-1x2
Centre Frequency Stated with 2.3-2.6Ghz
Pass Range Width 30Mhz
Insertion Loss ≤0.8dB, typ. 0.7dB

60. Amplifier
 Key Features
Reasonable Gain

61.  Communication TX Maximum Range Analysis
• -90dBm=𝑃𝑡 + 𝐺𝑡 + 𝐺𝑟 + 10log10(𝜆/4πR)2
• So from equation above we can get
• 𝑅 𝑚𝑎𝑥= 552.3km
 Communication TX EIRP
𝑃𝑡 + 𝐺𝑡=24.4+20=44.4dBm=27.54W
Communication TX Hand Calculation

62.  Communication TX Power Analysis
PLNA = 3V×90mA = 0.27W
PMIXER = 5V×40mA = 0.2W
PAmp = 5V×70mA = 0.35W
Total DC power consumption is, PDC = PMIXER+PLNA+PAmp = 0.82W
Overall Power Added Efficiency is,
Communication TX PAE Hand Calculation
𝑃𝐴𝐸 =
𝑃𝑡 − 𝑃𝑖𝑛
𝑃𝑑𝑐
∗ 100% =
275.423𝑚𝑊 − 0.1585𝑚𝑊
820𝑚𝑊
∗ 100% = 33.57%