The document summarizes a PhD thesis defense on vectorial statistical characterization of optical signals for high-speed communication and quantum communication. It discusses the motivations and objectives of developing an optical pulsed source with picosecond pulses, tunable repetition rate from MHz to GHz, high extinction ratio, and low noise for applications in optical undersampling and quantum key distribution. The proposed architecture generates pulses using a semiconductor optical amplifier, compresses them using soliton effects in fiber, and suppresses pedestals using an optical filter. Characterization shows pulses down to 1 ps can be generated with repetition rates from 100 MHz to 790 MHz and carrier wavelengths from 1540 nm to 1565 nm, with timing jitter below 3 ps.
Access the video from this presentation for free from
http://www.rohde-schwarz-usa.com/DebuggingEMISS_On-Demand.html
Overview:
Electromagnetic interference is increasingly becoming a problem in complex systems that must interoperate in both digital and RF domains. When failures due to EMI occur it is often difficult to track down the sources of such failures using standard test receivers and spectrum analyzers. The unique ability of real-time spectrum analysis and synchronous time domain signal acquisition to capture transient events can quickly reveals details about the sources of EMI.
What You Will Learn:
How to isolate and analyze sources of EMI using an oscilloscope
Measurement considerations for correlating time and frequency domains
Near field probing basics
Presented By:
Dave Rishavy, Product Manager Oscilloscopes, Rohde & Schwarz
Dave Rishavy has a BS in Electrical Engineering from Florida State University and an MBA from the University of Colorado. Prior to joining Rohde and Schwarz, Mr. Rishavy gained over 15 years of experience in the test and measurement field at Agilent Technologies. This included positions in a wide range of technical marketing areas such as application engineering, product marketing, marketing management and strategic product planning. While at Agilent, Dave led the marketing and industry segment teams for the Infiniium line of oscilloscopes as well as high end logic analysis.
Tutorial Content
This tutorial provides a broad-based discussion of radar system, covering the following topics:
-Introduction to Radars in Military and Commercial Applications
-Radar System Block Diagram
-Radar Antennas (slotted waveguide array, planar array), Transmitter (magnetron, solid-state), Receiver, Pedestal and Radome
-Plot Extraction, Tracking Algorithms and Display
-Radar Range Equation, Detection Performance
-Wave Propagation and Radar Cross Section
-Emerging and Advanced Radar Systems (phased-array, multi-beam, multi-mode, FMCW, solid-state)
In the discussion, practical systems, technical specifications and data will be used to enhance learning.In addition, simulation results will also be used to present findings.
The objective of the tutorial session is to equip participants with solid understanding of radar systems for system level applications and prepare them for advanced and professional radar courses, projects and research.
This tutorial is designed and developed based on the following references:
[1] G. W. Stimson, Introduction to Airborne Radar Second Edition, Scitech Publishing, 1998.
[2] L. V. Blake, A Guide to Basic Pulse-Radar Maximum-Range Calculation, NRL Report 6930, 1969.
[3] K. H. Lee, Radar Systems for Nanyang Technological University, TBSS, 2014.
Originally presented at DesignCon 2013.
Jitter is a very important topic in signal integrity for high speed serial data links. The jitter performance of clock signals used in generating the serial data signal is critical to the overall performance of these signals.
Phase noise is the most sensitive and accurate measurement of the performance of precision clocks.
This presentation covers the theory and practice for making phase noise measurements on clock signals as well as the relationship between phase noise and total jitter, random jitter and deterministic jitter. Measurements on a typical clock signal is also included.
For more information, visit http://rohde-schwarz-scopes.com or call (888) 837-8772 to speak to a local Rohde & Schwarz expert.
Join us for a LIVE WEBINAR on this topic! Wednesday, November 14, 2:00pm ET
http://bit.ly/XPgjO7
Wide bandwidth modulation is becoming more common in communications. The emergence of the 802.11ac wireless Ethernet standard has extended the modulation bandwidth to 160 MHz which requires very wide band measurement equipment to measure. This presentation illustrates the details of a measurement method that uses a real time digital down converter and post processing software that measures the performance of this signal.
Access the video from this presentation for free from
http://www.rohde-schwarz-usa.com/DebuggingEMISS_On-Demand.html
Overview:
Electromagnetic interference is increasingly becoming a problem in complex systems that must interoperate in both digital and RF domains. When failures due to EMI occur it is often difficult to track down the sources of such failures using standard test receivers and spectrum analyzers. The unique ability of real-time spectrum analysis and synchronous time domain signal acquisition to capture transient events can quickly reveals details about the sources of EMI.
What You Will Learn:
How to isolate and analyze sources of EMI using an oscilloscope
Measurement considerations for correlating time and frequency domains
Near field probing basics
Presented By:
Dave Rishavy, Product Manager Oscilloscopes, Rohde & Schwarz
Dave Rishavy has a BS in Electrical Engineering from Florida State University and an MBA from the University of Colorado. Prior to joining Rohde and Schwarz, Mr. Rishavy gained over 15 years of experience in the test and measurement field at Agilent Technologies. This included positions in a wide range of technical marketing areas such as application engineering, product marketing, marketing management and strategic product planning. While at Agilent, Dave led the marketing and industry segment teams for the Infiniium line of oscilloscopes as well as high end logic analysis.
Tutorial Content
This tutorial provides a broad-based discussion of radar system, covering the following topics:
-Introduction to Radars in Military and Commercial Applications
-Radar System Block Diagram
-Radar Antennas (slotted waveguide array, planar array), Transmitter (magnetron, solid-state), Receiver, Pedestal and Radome
-Plot Extraction, Tracking Algorithms and Display
-Radar Range Equation, Detection Performance
-Wave Propagation and Radar Cross Section
-Emerging and Advanced Radar Systems (phased-array, multi-beam, multi-mode, FMCW, solid-state)
In the discussion, practical systems, technical specifications and data will be used to enhance learning.In addition, simulation results will also be used to present findings.
The objective of the tutorial session is to equip participants with solid understanding of radar systems for system level applications and prepare them for advanced and professional radar courses, projects and research.
This tutorial is designed and developed based on the following references:
[1] G. W. Stimson, Introduction to Airborne Radar Second Edition, Scitech Publishing, 1998.
[2] L. V. Blake, A Guide to Basic Pulse-Radar Maximum-Range Calculation, NRL Report 6930, 1969.
[3] K. H. Lee, Radar Systems for Nanyang Technological University, TBSS, 2014.
Originally presented at DesignCon 2013.
Jitter is a very important topic in signal integrity for high speed serial data links. The jitter performance of clock signals used in generating the serial data signal is critical to the overall performance of these signals.
Phase noise is the most sensitive and accurate measurement of the performance of precision clocks.
This presentation covers the theory and practice for making phase noise measurements on clock signals as well as the relationship between phase noise and total jitter, random jitter and deterministic jitter. Measurements on a typical clock signal is also included.
For more information, visit http://rohde-schwarz-scopes.com or call (888) 837-8772 to speak to a local Rohde & Schwarz expert.
Join us for a LIVE WEBINAR on this topic! Wednesday, November 14, 2:00pm ET
http://bit.ly/XPgjO7
Wide bandwidth modulation is becoming more common in communications. The emergence of the 802.11ac wireless Ethernet standard has extended the modulation bandwidth to 160 MHz which requires very wide band measurement equipment to measure. This presentation illustrates the details of a measurement method that uses a real time digital down converter and post processing software that measures the performance of this signal.
Pulse Compression Method for Radar Signal ProcessingEditor IJCATR
One fundamental issue in designing a good radar system is it’s capability to resolve two small targets that are located at
long range with very small separation between them. Pulse compression techniques are used in radar systems to avail the benefits
of large range detection capability of long duration pulse and high range resolution capability of short duration pulse. In these
techniques a long duration pulse is used which is frequency modulated before transmission and the received signal is passed through a
match filter to accumulate the energy into a short pulse. A matched filter is used for pulse compression to achieve high signal-to-noise
ratio (SNR). Two important factors to be considered for radar waveform design are range resolution and maximum range detection.
Range resolution is the ability of the radar to separate closely spaced targets and it is related to the pulse width of the waveform. The
narrower the pulse width the better is the range resolution. But, if the pulse width is decreased, the amount of energy in the pulse is
decreased and hence maximum range detection gets reduced. To overcome this problem pulse compression techniques are used in the
radar systems. In this paper, the pulse compression technique is described to resolve two small targets that are located at long
range with very small separation between them.
Overview:
Embedded systems increasingly employ a combination of low speed serial, analog voltages and RF communications which are tightly synchronized in time. This session will discuss the background of performing time and frequency domain analysis on these systems with example measurements on a digitally controlled RF transmitter.
What will you learn?
The challenges of debugging embedded systems
Frequency domain analysis and FFT basics
Time gating, Dynamic range and Triggering considerations
PLL locking measurement example
(Slides from Live webinar on September 25, 2014, presented by Mike Schnecker. Watch the webinar On-Demand here: http://goo.gl/LkjUUg)
Attendees Will Learn:
An overview of switched mode power supplies
Common measurements (ie, what to measure and why)
Circuit loading and probing considerations
How instrument specifications impact measurement accuracy
Switched mode power supplies have become ubiquitous in electronics as they provide precise voltages including high power with very high efficiency. The efficiency of these power supplies requires low loss power transistors and the design requires measurement of highly dynamic voltages. Voltage levels can vary from millivolts to hundreds of volts in some applications.
In this webinar, the proper use of a digital oscilloscope to accurately measure these voltages will be discussed along with key aspects of instrument performance such as noise and overdrive recovery that affect the accuracy of the measurement.
The USB 2.0 standard is widely deployed in both computer and embedded systems. Compliance testing for this standard includes signal integrity as well as a number of low-level protocol tests.
This presentation provides an overview of the test requirements for USB 2.0 compliance and provide background on each test case. Details of fixtures and signal integrity requirements are highlighted in detail.
For more information visit http://rohde-schwarz-scopes.com or call (888) 837-8772 to speak to a local Rohde & Schwarz expert.
Jitter measurements are commonly done taking small snapshots in time, yet systems often experience jitter from sources that occur over relatively long time intervals, which may not be accounted for using short time interval measurements methods.
In this webinar we will present the application of a real time, digital clock recovery and trigger system to the measurement of jitter on clock and data signals. Details of the measurement methodology will be provided along with measurement examples on both clock and data signals.
You Will Learn:
- What is Jitter
- Different types of Jitter
- Jitter measurement techniques
- Benefits of Jitter analysis using real-time DDC techniques
The Building of Pulsed NQR/NMR Spectrometer IJECEIAES
NQR spectrometer designed is composed of four modules; Transmitter, Probe, Receiver and computer controlled (FPGA & Software) module containing frequency synthesizer, synchronous demodulator, pulse programmer and display. The function of the Transmitter module is to amplify the RF pulse sequence to about 200 W power level into the probe (50 Ohm) which is a parallel resonance circuit with a tapped capacitor. The probe excites the nucleus and picks-up the signal emitted from the nuclei. The nuclear signal at the same frequency as the excitation, which is typically in the range of a few microvolts is amplified, demodulated and filtered (1 kHz to 100 kHz) by receiver module. 14 N NQR, 1 H and 2 H NMR signals are observed from the spectrometer.As the SNR of NQR signal is very low, NQR signal processing based on Adaptive Line Enhancement is presented.
Fundamentals of Passive and Active Sonar Technical Training Short Course SamplerJim Jenkins
This four-day course is designed for SONAR systems engineers, combat systems engineers, undersea warfare professionals, and managers who wish to enhance their understanding of passive and active SONAR or become familiar with the "big picture" if they work outside of either discipline. Each topic is presented by instructors with substantial experience at sea. Presentations are illustrated by worked numerical examples using simulated or experimental data describing actual undersea acoustic situations and geometries. Visualization of transmitted waveforms, target interactions, and detector responses is emphasized.
Pulse Compression Method for Radar Signal ProcessingEditor IJCATR
One fundamental issue in designing a good radar system is it’s capability to resolve two small targets that are located at
long range with very small separation between them. Pulse compression techniques are used in radar systems to avail the benefits
of large range detection capability of long duration pulse and high range resolution capability of short duration pulse. In these
techniques a long duration pulse is used which is frequency modulated before transmission and the received signal is passed through a
match filter to accumulate the energy into a short pulse. A matched filter is used for pulse compression to achieve high signal-to-noise
ratio (SNR). Two important factors to be considered for radar waveform design are range resolution and maximum range detection.
Range resolution is the ability of the radar to separate closely spaced targets and it is related to the pulse width of the waveform. The
narrower the pulse width the better is the range resolution. But, if the pulse width is decreased, the amount of energy in the pulse is
decreased and hence maximum range detection gets reduced. To overcome this problem pulse compression techniques are used in the
radar systems. In this paper, the pulse compression technique is described to resolve two small targets that are located at long
range with very small separation between them.
Overview:
Embedded systems increasingly employ a combination of low speed serial, analog voltages and RF communications which are tightly synchronized in time. This session will discuss the background of performing time and frequency domain analysis on these systems with example measurements on a digitally controlled RF transmitter.
What will you learn?
The challenges of debugging embedded systems
Frequency domain analysis and FFT basics
Time gating, Dynamic range and Triggering considerations
PLL locking measurement example
(Slides from Live webinar on September 25, 2014, presented by Mike Schnecker. Watch the webinar On-Demand here: http://goo.gl/LkjUUg)
Attendees Will Learn:
An overview of switched mode power supplies
Common measurements (ie, what to measure and why)
Circuit loading and probing considerations
How instrument specifications impact measurement accuracy
Switched mode power supplies have become ubiquitous in electronics as they provide precise voltages including high power with very high efficiency. The efficiency of these power supplies requires low loss power transistors and the design requires measurement of highly dynamic voltages. Voltage levels can vary from millivolts to hundreds of volts in some applications.
In this webinar, the proper use of a digital oscilloscope to accurately measure these voltages will be discussed along with key aspects of instrument performance such as noise and overdrive recovery that affect the accuracy of the measurement.
The USB 2.0 standard is widely deployed in both computer and embedded systems. Compliance testing for this standard includes signal integrity as well as a number of low-level protocol tests.
This presentation provides an overview of the test requirements for USB 2.0 compliance and provide background on each test case. Details of fixtures and signal integrity requirements are highlighted in detail.
For more information visit http://rohde-schwarz-scopes.com or call (888) 837-8772 to speak to a local Rohde & Schwarz expert.
Jitter measurements are commonly done taking small snapshots in time, yet systems often experience jitter from sources that occur over relatively long time intervals, which may not be accounted for using short time interval measurements methods.
In this webinar we will present the application of a real time, digital clock recovery and trigger system to the measurement of jitter on clock and data signals. Details of the measurement methodology will be provided along with measurement examples on both clock and data signals.
You Will Learn:
- What is Jitter
- Different types of Jitter
- Jitter measurement techniques
- Benefits of Jitter analysis using real-time DDC techniques
The Building of Pulsed NQR/NMR Spectrometer IJECEIAES
NQR spectrometer designed is composed of four modules; Transmitter, Probe, Receiver and computer controlled (FPGA & Software) module containing frequency synthesizer, synchronous demodulator, pulse programmer and display. The function of the Transmitter module is to amplify the RF pulse sequence to about 200 W power level into the probe (50 Ohm) which is a parallel resonance circuit with a tapped capacitor. The probe excites the nucleus and picks-up the signal emitted from the nuclei. The nuclear signal at the same frequency as the excitation, which is typically in the range of a few microvolts is amplified, demodulated and filtered (1 kHz to 100 kHz) by receiver module. 14 N NQR, 1 H and 2 H NMR signals are observed from the spectrometer.As the SNR of NQR signal is very low, NQR signal processing based on Adaptive Line Enhancement is presented.
Fundamentals of Passive and Active Sonar Technical Training Short Course SamplerJim Jenkins
This four-day course is designed for SONAR systems engineers, combat systems engineers, undersea warfare professionals, and managers who wish to enhance their understanding of passive and active SONAR or become familiar with the "big picture" if they work outside of either discipline. Each topic is presented by instructors with substantial experience at sea. Presentations are illustrated by worked numerical examples using simulated or experimental data describing actual undersea acoustic situations and geometries. Visualization of transmitted waveforms, target interactions, and detector responses is emphasized.
Presentation used by Pedro Prieto-Martín, the founding president of the association, for the defense of his Doctoral Thesis ("Creating the 'symbiotic city': A proposal for the interdisciplinary co-design and co-creation of Civic Software Systems"), 29th of October 2012 in the University of Alcalá.
Software is moving towards evolutionary architectures that are able to easily accommodate changes and integrate new functionality. This is important in a wide range of applications, from plugin-based end user applications to critical applications with high availability requirements.
Dynamic component-based platforms allow software to evolve at runtime, by allowing components to be loaded, and executed without forcing applications to be restarted. However, the flexibility of such mechanism demands applications to cope with errors due to inconsistencies in the update process, or due to faulty behavior from components introduced during execution. This is mainly true when dealing with third-party components, making it harder to predict the impacts (e.g., runtime
incompatibilities, application crashes) and to maintain application dependability when integrating such third-party code into the application. Components whose origin or quality attributes are unknown could be considered as untrustworthy since they can potentially introduce faults to applications when combined with other components, even if unintentionally. The quality of components is harder to evaluate when components are combined together, especially if it happens
on-the-fly. We are interested in reducing the impact that can be brought by untrustworthy
components deployed at runtime and that would potentially compromise application dependability.
This thesis focuses on applying techniques for moving a step forward towards dependable
dynamic component-based applications by addressing different dependability attributes namely reliability, maintainability and availability. We propose the utilization of strong component isolation boundaries, by providing a fault-contained environment for separately running untrustworthy components. Our solution combines three approaches: (i) the dynamic isolation of components, governed by a runtime reconfigurable policy; (ii) a self-healing component isolation container; and (iii) the usage of aspects for separating dependability concerns from functional code.
It's my ppt of disseration defense at 2012_06_04. Please give me some feedback so I can improve my ppt skills. Feel free to discuss any problem with me. Thank you!
Graphene materials for opto and electronic applications 2014 Report by Yole D...Yole Developpement
What is the industrial potential behind the graphene academic R&D hype?
$141M GRAPHENE MATERIALS MARKET IN 2024 WILL BE DRIVEN MAINLY BY TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE ELECTRODES AND ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATIONS
Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) material with exceptional properties, such as ultrahigh electrical and thermal conductivities, wide-range optical transmittance and excellent mechanical strength and flexibility. These properties make it a promising material for emerging and existing applications in printed & flexible circuitry, ultrafast transistors, touch screens, advanced batteries and supercapacitors, ultrafast lasers, photodetectors and many other non-electronic applications.
Although graphene technology is still in its infancy, remarkable progress has been made in the last few years developing graphene production methods. Numerous opto and electronic devices based on graphene have been demonstrated on lab-scale models. However, the numerous challenges of graphene technology should not be underestimated. The lack of bandgap in graphene is its key fundamental challenge. Other technology challenges are related to the development of industrial methods to produce graphene with high and consistent quality at acceptable costs.
Although today there is no graphene-based electronic application in mass production, several companies already offer commercially graphene materials. The graphene material market value in 2013 was about $11 million, represented principally by the demand for the R&D and prototyping. Two scenarios for the future market growth are presented in the report. According to the base scenario, the global annual market value for graphene materials in opto and electronic applications will reach $141 million in 2024, featuring a 2013-2019 CAGR of 18.5%. Accelerated market growth is expected after 2019, with a 2019-2024 CAGR of 35.7%. In 2024, the graphene material market will be represented mainly by the demand for transparent conductive electrodes and advanced batteries and supercapacitors.
HOW CAN GRAPHENE TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES AND APPLICATION POTENTIAL BE TRANSFORMED INTO BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES?
In order to reach the best possible performance on lab-scale devices, high quality materials are required. Material suppliers able to consistently deliver high-quality materials have a competitive advantage on the graphene market.
The booming interest in graphene technologies has led to a high demand on graphene equipment. As shown in the report, CVD equipment makers today mainly focus on the R&D equipment used to produce high-quality graphene.
More information on that report at http://www.i-micronews.com/reports/Graphene-materials-opto-electronic-applications/3/416/
WATCH THE VIDEO VERSION!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_eTLPKdrHs&feature=relmfu
dailyreckoning.com
The 'wonder material' known as graphene can revolutionize technology of the world.
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Graphene is an allotrope of carbon, whose structure is one-atom-thick planar sheets of sp2-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice.
The development of this technology is still largely research-based, with a relatively large portion of academic participation, although real-world consumer applications such as flexible touchscreen displays are getting closer to reality and could be widely available within the next few years.
Because of its range of extraordinary properties, people are considering using graphene in a myriad of different applications. For example, because graphene is so strong, people want to use it to reinforce plastics, making them conductive at the same time. Because it's transparent and conducts electricity, people want to use it in applications like mobile phone screens, touch screens, TV screens and so on. People are also considering using it to go beyond silicon technology and make our integrated circuits even denser and speedier.
This report categorizes and graphically analyzes graphene technologies, research activity, applications, companies active in this research area, the filings spread, key comparisons etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC MODEM FOR SHORT –RANGE SENSOR NETWORKS ijiert bestjournal
There is a growing interest in using underwater netwo rked systems for oceanographic applications. These networks often rely on acoustic communication,which poses a number of challenges for reliable data transmission. Commercial underwater modem that do exist were design for sparse,long range application ra ther than for small dense,sensor nets. This paper gives the design consideration,implementation details and challenges in design consideration.
Mitigation of Noise in OFDM Based Plc System Using Filter Kernel DesignIJERA Editor
Power line communication is a technology that transforms power line in to pathway for conveyance of
broadband data. It is cost less than other communication approach and for better bandwidth efficiency OFDM
based PLC system is used. In real PLC environment some electrical appliances will produce noise. To mitigate
this noise filter kernel design is used, so periodic impulsive noise and Gaussian noises are removed from PLC
communication system by using this filter kernel design. MATLAB is used for the simulation and the result
shows that filter kernel is simple and effective noise mitigation technique. Further in future, interference due to
obstacles also wants to be mitigated for the better data transmission without noise.
Noise Analysis in VLC Optical Link based Discrette OPAMP Trans-impedance Ampl...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
To design Visible Light Communication (VLC) system, there are several requirements that needs
to be met. One of the requirements is an active component selection (e.g. Op Amp). As an ideal
communication system, VLC system has to be able to provides wide bandwidth access with minimum
noise. The Transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs) is one of main components in optical system which is placed
in the first stage of receiver system. It is used to convert the current output from photodiode to voltage. We
have designed a 1 MHz fGBW TIA with low noise (in μVrms range). This paper aims to explain the design
and implementation of TIA circuit with photovoltaic topology which cover empirical calculations and
simulation of TIA’s bandwidth and its noise sources, i.e. resistor feedback noise, current noise, voltage
noise and total noise based on RSS. The OP-AMP is chosen from Texas Instruments product, OPA 380,
and photodiode is chosen from OSRAM, SFH213, then simulated by TINA-TI SPICE® software. The noise
in TIA circuit is analyzed clearly. The developed kit is ready to be implemented in VLC system.
Ber performance of ofdm with discrete wavelet transform for time dispersive c...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Minimize MIMO OFDM interference and noise ratio using polynomial-time algorit...IJECEIAES
In the distributed transmit antenna MIMO OFDM system, each transmitting antenna has different frequency offset between each transmitting antenna and receiver due to the use of independent crystal oscillator. This paper proposes Polynomial-time algorithm for correcting the frequency offset in a received signal by maximizing the conditional average signal. The algorithm focus on reducing to interference and noise ratio of each subcarrier on the receiving antenna by frequency offset. The simulation result shows the performance of the proposed algorithm is slightly improved compared with the existing frequency offset correction algorithm, and the complexity is reduced by 50% or more.
Frequency-Dependent Squeezing for Advanced LIGOSérgio Sacani
The first detection of gravitational waves by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave
Observatory (LIGO) in 2015 launched the era of gravitational wave astronomy. The quest for
gravitational wave signals from objects that are fainter or farther away impels technological advances
to realize ever more sensitive detectors. Since 2019, one advanced technique, the injection of squeezed
states of light is being used to improve the shot noise limit to the sensitivity of the Advanced LIGO
detectors, at frequencies above ∼ 50 Hz. Below this frequency, quantum back action, in the form of
radiation pressure induced motion of the mirrors, degrades the sensitivity. To simultaneously reduce
shot noise at high frequencies and quantum radiation pressure noise at low frequencies requires a
quantum noise filter cavity with low optical losses to rotate the squeezed quadrature as a function of
frequency. We report on the observation of frequency-dependent squeezed quadrature rotation with
rotation frequency of 30 Hz, using a 16 m long filter cavity. A novel control scheme is developed for
this frequency-dependent squeezed vacuum source, and the results presented here demonstrate that
a low-loss filter cavity can achieve the squeezed quadrature rotation necessary for the next planned
upgrade to Advanced LIGO, known as “A+.”
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
1. Institut Mines-Télécom
EDITE de Paris
Vectorial statistical characterization
of optical signals for very high
speed communication and quantum
communication
Xin You
Advisors: Philippe Gallion & Christophe Gosset
PhD defense
3. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/2015 PhD defense Xin You3
Fiber communication technology
Three main technological innovations in the last 30 years
3 K. Kikuchi, Coherent Optical Communications, Springer, 2010
T. Morioka et al., NTT Technical Review 9, 1, 2011.
Time Division
Multiplexing (TDM)
Wavelength Division
Multiplexing (WDM)
IQ digital coherent
communication
4. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/2015 PhD defense Xin You4
TDM
• Several signals
appear on one
channel that is
divided into recurrent
time slots
• Improve time
efficiency
5. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/2015 PhD defense Xin You5
WDM
• Signals are spacing
in frequency
domain to avoid
interference
• Improve spectral
efficiency
7. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/2015 PhD defense Xin You7
IQ digital coherent communication
Increase the bit rate
per channel while
keeping the channel
spacing
Modulation on multiple
dimensions: amplitude,
phase and polarization
8. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/20158
Coherent detection
8
× =
× =
Optical signal
modulated on
both I and Q
Local oscillator In-phase component
Local oscillator phase rotated
by 𝜋/2
Quadrature component
𝐼 = 𝑅𝐸𝐿𝑂 𝐸𝑠 cos 𝜃𝑠 𝑡 + 𝜃 𝑛 𝑡 + 𝑛1(𝑡)
Q= 𝑅𝐸𝐿𝑂 𝐸𝑠 sin 𝜃𝑠 𝑡 + 𝜃 𝑛 𝑡 + 𝑛2(𝑡)
9. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/2015 PhD defense Xin You9
Challenges for the detection technique
The increasing of symbol rate
requires new method for
monitoring signal quality without
increasing the electronics
performance significantly
Sensitiveness to phase and
polarization state of
incoming signal
Post detection Digital Signal
Processing (DSP):
compensation for phase drift
and linear effects
10. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/201510
The optical undersampling by employing
ultrashort pulses
10
𝑡 𝑠 = 𝑘𝜏 𝐷 + 𝛿𝑡, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑁, 0 < 𝛿𝑡 < 𝜏 𝐷.
☑Monitoring of high transmission rate
signal
☑Allow low repetition rate sampling
pulses and low performance electronics
☑Bandwidth potentiality limited by the
pulse width and timing jitter
P. Gallion, C. Gosset, X. You, and J. Zhou, Opt Quant Electron
2015
𝜏 𝑠: pulse width;
𝑇𝑠: pulse repetition period;
𝜏 𝐷: bit time;
𝑡 𝑠: moment of sampling
Pulse train repetition rate
smaller and asynchronous with
bit rate
Pulses sample at different
position of symbol
A statistical representation of
signal is obtained (eye diagram)
11. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/201511
Quantum key distribution
The quantum key distribution use of single-photon Fock states |𝑛 ,
since Eve can easily steal one photon in a state of multi-photon
The probability of obtaining
n photon for a given average
photon number coherent
state 𝑛 follows Poissonian
distribution
Method for
obtaining single-
photon state
Single photon
source
Not available
Fainted laser
pulses
Balancing between the
rate of key distribution
and the proportion of
multi-photons state Blue curve: probability of
zero photon state;
Red curve: probability of
obtaining multi-photons
state among non-zero
photon state
☑Tunable repetition rate in MHz range
☑High extinction ratio and low intensity
noise
12. Institut Mines-Télécom PhD defense Xin You12
Object: versatille source for application in optical
undersampling and quantum key distribution
2015/12/2312
An ideal source
Picosecond pulse
width and low timing
jitter for THz
bandwidth potentiality
Tunable repetition
rate in MHz to GHz
range
High extinction ratio
and low intensity noise
Mode-locked laser
Cavity-less source
combing with
nonlinearities in SOA
and fibers
14. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/2015 PhD defense Xin You14
Generation of the native pulse train
Intensity
modulator
Continuous
wave laser
SOA
☑ 40 ps pulse train
obtained at the output
☑ Mechanism of pulse
generation not depend
on the repetition rate
☑ The dynamics of SOA
has a large influence
over the pulse shaping
15. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/2015 PhD defense Xin You15
SOA gain recovery dynamics study
Gain recovery time of a SOA is
defined as the time between 10%
and 90% of saturation during the
recovery of gain
Pump and probe at different
wavelength
The rectangular pump source saturates
the SOA gain and cause the decrease
of small signal gain for probe signal
The probe signal is filtered and the
process of gain recovery is observed
The gain recovery
time determines the
upper limitation of
pulse train repetition
rate to be about 1
GHz
17. Institut Mines-Télécom PhD defense Xin You17 2015/12/2317
Pulse autocorrelation
after 12 km
Pulse width
compressed from
40 ps to 11.6 ps
Pedestal level
0.15
Pulse autocorrelation
after 4.2 km
Pulse width
compressed from
40 ps to 4.5 ps
Pedestal level
0.19
Pulse autocorrelation
after 2 km
Pulse width
compressed from
40 ps to 2.1 ps
Pedestal level
0.29
19. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/201519
Simulation
𝜕𝐴
𝜕𝑧
+
𝛼
2
𝐴 +
𝑖𝛽2
2
𝜕2
𝐴
𝜕𝑇2
−
𝛽3
6
𝜕3
𝐴
𝜕𝑇3
= 𝑖𝛾 𝐴 2 𝐴 +
𝑖
𝜔0
𝜕
𝜕𝑇
𝐴 2 𝐴 − 𝑇𝑅 𝐴
𝜕 𝐴 2
𝜕𝑇
Group Velocity
Dispersion
Self Phase
Modulation
Fiber
loss
3rd order
dispersion
Self-
Steepening
Intrapulse
Raman
Scattering
• FWHM of input pulse: 4.49 ps
• Input peak power of 60 W or 491.5 pJ per pulse
• 3rd order dispersion slope at 1540 nm: 0.09 ps·nm-2·km-1
• Intrapulse Raman scattering coefficient: 3 fs
• Dispersion parameter: 20.3 ps·nm-1·km-1
• Nonlinear coefficient: 0.002 W-1·m-1
20. Institut Mines-Télécom PhD defense Xin You20
Our proposed architecture
20
1: native pulse generation stage
2: pulse compression stage
3: pedestal suppression stage
NRZ Waveform
Generator
Synthesizer
SOA SSMF
Oscilloscope
OSA
EDFA
Autocorrelator
90%
EDFA
10%
SSMF
1 2
3 Polarization
Controller
A polarization controller is added due to the sensitiveness to polarization
state of autocorrelator
2-stages compression
ratio up to 40 times
22. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/2015 PhD defense Xin You22
Pulsed source repetition rate tunability
Repetition
rate up to
790 MHz
The average output
power doubles
when repetition rate
doubles
250 MHz repetition
rate pulse train is
amplified to 7.5
dBm for solitonic
compression in 4.2
km SSMF
1st EDFA output
range: Pout<12.5
dBm (APC mode)
Reptition
rate limited
by the SOA
gain
recovery to
be about 1
GHz
Repetition
rate
determined
by the 2nd
EDFA output
range: <1.1
GHz
24. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/2015 PhD defense Xin You24
Repetitio
n rate
(MHz)
Pulse
FWHM (ps)
FWHM of
spectrum
(nm)
Time-
bandwidth
product
Extinction ratio of
autocorrelation
trace
Extinction ratio of
pulses under Gaussian
pulse assumption (dB)
100 1.09 13.0 1.79 13 15.8
250 1.00 5.8 0.74 29 19.1
500 1.13 3.5 0.50 39 20.4
☑ Pulse width around 1 ps
☑ Larger spectrum FWHM and smaller extinction
ratio at lower repetition rate
☑ The frequency-shifted spectrum component is
more flat at low repetition rate.
25. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/2015 PhD defense Xin You25
Spectrum at 100 MHz Spectrum at 500 MHz
Spectrum at 100 MHz
before the filter
Spectrum at 500 MHz
before the filter
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
100 MHz repetition rate 500 MHz repetition rate
Ratio of energy contained in the filter bandwidth
Lower
extinction
ratio at low
repetition
rate
More energy
contained in the
frequency-shifted
part at lower
repetition rate
Spectrum is
broader and
more flat at low
repetition rate
The limitation of
the maximum
bandwidth of
optical filter
26. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/2015 PhD defense Xin You26
Characterization for different carrier wavelengths
Carrier wavelength of
1550 nm
Carrier wavelength of
1565 nm
Carrier wavelength of
1540 nm
27. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/2015 PhD defense Xin You27
Carrier
wavelength
(nm)
Pulse FWHM
(ps)
FWHM of
spectrum
(nm)
Time-
bandwidth
product
Extinction
ratio of
autocorrelatio
n trace
Extinction ratio of
pulses under
Gaussian pulse
assumption (dB)
1530 No data due to the property of 2nd amplifier
1540 1.13 3.5 0.50 39 20.4
1550 1.08 5.3 0.71 47 21.2
1565 1.37 2.6 0.44 20 17.5
1530 nm not covered by the
amplification range of 2nd
EDFA used in experiment
ASE spectrum of the 2nd EDFA
Acceptable performance
28. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/201528
RF spectrum analysis for noise characterization
𝐿 𝑛 𝑓 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
𝑃𝑛(𝑓)
𝐵𝑒𝑞 𝑃𝑐𝑛
𝑃n 𝑓 : power spectrum at nth order
harmonics;
𝐵𝑒𝑞: equivalent bandwidth;
𝑃𝑐𝑛: peak power at nth order harmonics.
Single
side
band
noise
density
29. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/201529
𝐿𝐽 𝑓 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10(
10 𝐿 𝑛 (𝑓)/10
− 10 𝐿1 (𝑓)/10
𝑛2
)
𝜎𝐽 𝑓1, 𝑓𝑢 =
1
2𝜋𝑓𝑟
2
𝑓1
𝑓𝑢
10 𝐿 𝐽(𝑓)/10
𝑑𝑓
1/2
Only timing jitter varies with
the harmonic order in a
quadratic way
RMS timing jitter 𝜎1 calculated for different lower
frequency 𝑓1 and higher frequency 𝑓𝑢
𝑓1 and 𝑓𝑢 are
determined to be 2
kHz and 118 kHz,
respectively
30. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/2015 PhD defense Xin You30
Measurement
#
Lower frequency
f1 (kHz)
Upper frequency
fu (kHz)
15th order
timing jitter (ps)
19th order
timing jitter (ps)
1 1 118 2.27 1.83
2 0.8 118 1.36 2.15
3 2 119 2.04 2.92
4 2.5 145 1.75 3.08
5 2 118 1.17 2.10
6 2 73 1.23 3.04
Average 1.7 115 1.65 2.52
RMS timing jitter not larger than 2.5 ps
It is believed that most of the noise
comes from the electronics
Parameter of pulse pattern generator:
31. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/2015 PhD defense Xin You31
RMS intensity noise
𝐿 𝐴 𝑓 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10(10 𝐿1 𝑓 /10
− 10 𝐿 𝐽 𝑓 /10
)
𝜎𝐴 𝑓1, 𝑓𝑢 = 2
𝑓1
𝑓𝑢
10 𝐿 𝐴(𝑓)/10
𝑑𝑓
1/2
Measureme
nt #
Lower
frequency f1
(kHz)
Upper
frequency fu
(kHz)
15th order
intensity
fluctuation
19th order
intensity
fluctuation
1 0.8 118 0.98% 0.83%
2 1 118 0.82% 0.93%
3 2.3 142 1.10% 0.87%
4 2.3 72 0.98% 0.83%
Average 1.6 112 0.97% 0.86%
RMS intensity
noise not larger
than 1%
Evaluation of
𝑓1 and 𝑓𝑢
32. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/2015 PhD defense Xin You32
Relative intensity noise of tunable laser
𝑅𝐼𝑁 𝜔 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
𝑆 𝑝(𝜔)
𝐵𝐺𝐼 𝑝ℎ
2
𝑅
𝑆 𝑝(𝜔): difference between the noise power
spectrum of signal and the dark noise spectrum at
frequency 𝜔
𝐵: resolution bandwidth of ESA
𝐺: gain of electrical amplifier that is integrated in
optical receiver
𝐼 𝑝ℎ: the difference between the photocurrent of
illuminated detector and the dark current
𝑅: impedance of amplifier
Identification of the intensity
noise of pulsed source
33. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/2015 PhD defense Xin You33
𝐼𝐹 𝑓1, 𝑓𝑢 = 2
𝑓1
𝑓𝑢
10 𝑅𝐼𝑁/10
𝑑𝑓
1/2
Measureme
nt #
Lower
frequency f1
(kHz)
Upper
frequency fu
(MHz)
Intensity
fluctuation in
percentage
1 5 17.1 0.88%
2 5 17.1 0.89%
3 5 17.1 0.89%
4 5 17.1 0.89%
Average 5 17.1 0.89%
Evaluation
of 𝑓1 and 𝑓𝑢
The intensity noise of
tunable laser is the main
source of intensity noise
of pulse train
36. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/201536
Pulsed local oscillator mixing with Binary Phase
Shift Keying (BPSK) signal (experiment)
• Eye diagram of -10
dBm 10 Gb/s BPSK
signal
• Modulation on phase
• Q factor: 15.6
𝑇𝑠: 2.006 ns
𝜏 𝑠: ~1 ps
Average power: -12 dBm
Phaseeyediagram
37. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/201537
Results of coherent detection
The center position
correponds to the phase
results of coherent detection
Only one phase level is
detected
Probably due to the intensity
noise of pulses
☑Samples are superposed
along the period of the pulses
☑Red arrows indicate the
position of pulses
☑The phase of noise is of none
sense
Phaseeyediagram
38. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/201538
Conclusion
☑ The proposed architecture has been demonstrated for effective
picosecond pulse train generation
☑ Up to 40 times compression ratio using only EDFAs and SSMFs
☑ The repetition rate tunability is experimentally demonstrated for
100, 250 and 500 MHz, and wavelength tunability for 1540, 1550
and 1565 nm in C band
☑ RMS timing jitter inferior to 2.5 ps
☑ Intensity fluctuation less than 1%, and it mainly comes from the
tunable laser
☑Undersampling of BPSK signal has not succeeded
39. Institut Mines-Télécom03/11/201539
Perspectives
For quantum key distribution
(Integrated Laser electro-
absorption Modulator)
Spectral linewidth of laser
source 0.05 nm
Extinction ratio 18 dB
Pulse width 5 ps
Repetition rate 4 MHz*
For optical undersampling
Sampling pulse duration: 1 ps
Sampling frequency: 250 MHz
Sampling laser power: 0 dBm
Timing jitter: <0.2 ps**
Typicalvalues
inapplication
☑ Change the tunable laser for
lower intensity noise
☑ The repetition rate can be
easily solved by changing
amplifiers of different power
range
☑ Changing for better
electronics (?)
Solutions
*PhD Thesis Qing Xu 2009
**P. Gallion, C. Gosset, X. You, and J. Zhou, Opt Quant
Electron 2015