Unit i.Optical Isomerism as per PCI syllabus of POC-III Ganesh Mote
Unit I optical isomerism which is included in PCI syllabus of Sem IV of POC-III subject
This Unit Includes all points of Unit I such as nomenclature, R& S, d&l, D& L isomerism, Meso compounds, diastereomers, chirality, resolution of racemic mixture, enantiomers, Asymmetric synthesis,
STEREOSPECIFIC REACTION, STEREOSELECTIVE REACTION, OPTICAL PURITY, ENANTIOMERIC EXCESS.. all these topics are explained in this slide with examples and formula.
Unit i.Optical Isomerism as per PCI syllabus of POC-III Ganesh Mote
Unit I optical isomerism which is included in PCI syllabus of Sem IV of POC-III subject
This Unit Includes all points of Unit I such as nomenclature, R& S, d&l, D& L isomerism, Meso compounds, diastereomers, chirality, resolution of racemic mixture, enantiomers, Asymmetric synthesis,
STEREOSPECIFIC REACTION, STEREOSELECTIVE REACTION, OPTICAL PURITY, ENANTIOMERIC EXCESS.. all these topics are explained in this slide with examples and formula.
Cyclohexane exists in different conformations viz chair, boat, twist boat and half chair. These conformations possess different energies. Therefore they differ in energy.
Unit iii heterocyclic compounds as per PCI Syllabus of POC-IIIGanesh Mote
Nomenclature of hetero cyclic compounds, classification of heterocyclic compounds, Reactivity, aromaticity, orbital picture, stability, resonance energy, resonance structure, basicity, method of preparation, reaction and medicinal uses of Pyrrole, furan and thiophene
Biphenyl derivatives & Atropisomerism:Optical activity in Biphenyls, Stereochemistry of biphenyl derivatives, rules and assigning RS configuration to biphenyls
This slide discusses about fused heterocyclic compound Acridine..the structural analogue of anthracene with one carbon group is replaced with nitrogen atom.
…….. “DRUGS” do something in our body as a result of their molecular structure, which determines:
1. Physicochemical properties
2. Chemical / biochemical reactivity
3. Shape
4. STEREO-CHEMISTRY
notes on the basicity of heterocyclic compounds...
heterocyclic compounds for graduates, comparison of the relative basicity of pyridine, piperidine and pyrrole...
Cyclohexane exists in different conformations viz chair, boat, twist boat and half chair. These conformations possess different energies. Therefore they differ in energy.
Unit iii heterocyclic compounds as per PCI Syllabus of POC-IIIGanesh Mote
Nomenclature of hetero cyclic compounds, classification of heterocyclic compounds, Reactivity, aromaticity, orbital picture, stability, resonance energy, resonance structure, basicity, method of preparation, reaction and medicinal uses of Pyrrole, furan and thiophene
Biphenyl derivatives & Atropisomerism:Optical activity in Biphenyls, Stereochemistry of biphenyl derivatives, rules and assigning RS configuration to biphenyls
This slide discusses about fused heterocyclic compound Acridine..the structural analogue of anthracene with one carbon group is replaced with nitrogen atom.
…….. “DRUGS” do something in our body as a result of their molecular structure, which determines:
1. Physicochemical properties
2. Chemical / biochemical reactivity
3. Shape
4. STEREO-CHEMISTRY
notes on the basicity of heterocyclic compounds...
heterocyclic compounds for graduates, comparison of the relative basicity of pyridine, piperidine and pyrrole...
A presentation from Inventure Academy, located on Sarjapur-Whitefield Road, Bangalore - Memorable Vignettes, which encapsulates the activities of this dynamic school during the Academic Year 2013 - 2014.
Enatiopure separation and stereo selective synthesis FOR PHARMACY STUDENTSShikha Popali
THE TERM " ENTIOPURE SEPARATION ND STEREO SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS" EXPLAING ALL THE TERMS AS ENENTIPURE, ITS DIFFERENT METHODS OF SEPARATION, IN DETAIL AND EASY TO UNDERSTAND.
Introduction.
History of Protein Sequencing.
Determining Amino Acid Composition.
N-terminal amino acid analysis.
C-terminal amino acid analysis
The Edman degradation reaction.
Limitations of the Edman degradation.
Mass spectrometry
Importance
Conclusion
Reference
Spectrophotometric Estimation of Drugs Using Potassium Permanganate and Saffr...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
this presentation describes ways to enantiomeric product synthesis, hence introducing to chiral catalysts. the temperature effects are discussed with relation to soai autocatalysis. it shows introduction to stereocartography.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. RESOLUTION OF RACEMIC MIXTURE
BY
IQRAR AHMAD ABRAR AHMAD
Department Of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
M.Pharm First Year(Sem 1)
RCPIPER,shirpur
1
2. ENANTIOMERS:
Isomers which are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each
other are called enantiomers.
These are distinguished by
1)+/-
2)D/L
(l/-)-enantiomer
(anticlockwise rotation)
(dl/±)-racemate
(no overall effect)
(d/+)-enantiomer
(clockwise rotation)
2
3. RACEMIC MIXTURE: A equimolar(50/50) mixture of the two
enantiomers is called a racemic mixture or a racemate.
Enantiomers have identical chemical and physical properties,
except:Their effect on plane polarised light.
RESOLUTION: the process of seperation of pure enantiomer from
their racemic modification is called resolution.
3
4. NEED FOR RESOLUTION OF RACEMIC
MIXTURE:
CETRIZINE
levocetirizine has been found to be less sedating than
cetirizine
4
5. LEVODOPA
levodopa (L-dopa) is used in treatment of Parkinson’s disease, its
D-form causes serious side effects,such as granulocytopenia
5
7. 1.MECHANICAL SEPARATION OR
SPONTANEOUS RESOLUTION:
This invoved mechanical separation of the crystal of one enantiomers
from the other in racemic mixture based on difference in their shapes
Crystal of the two forms have different shapes separated by
magnifying lens and forceps
This method first used by pasteur for he resolutiuon of sodium
ammonium tartarate which crystallise out in the form of racemic
mixture below 27 degree
This methods is time consuming and every compound can not be
crystallized at room temperature
7
8. 2.PREFERENTIAL CRYSTALIZATION BY
INOCULATION:
This method involve seeding of a saturated solution of the racemic
mixture with a pure crystal of one the two enantiomers.
The soluition now become suppersaturated with respect to the added
enantiomers
It begins to crystallise out
Eg. Harda obtained free from amino acid by adding corresponding
d/l isomers of amino acid
8
9. 3.BIOCHEMICAL SEPARATION:
It was introduced by PASTEUR in 1858.
This method is based on fact that when certain micro organisms like
bacteria,fungi,yeast,moulds,etc are grown in dilute solution of racemic
mixture,they eat up one enantiomer rapidly than other.
Example: the mould penicillium glaucum preferentially destroys the
(+) isomer of racemic ammonium tartarate leaving (-) ammonium
tartarate in solution.
9
10. 4.CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPERATION:
The racemic mixture can be separated by chromatography on an
optically active support.
The diastereomeric adsorbates which are formed have different
stabilities.
Thus one enantiomer will be held more tightly than the other and
would be eluted first.
10
11. 5.KINETIC METHOD :
This method is based on the fact that one of the enantiomer of racemic
mixture reacts faster than other with optically active compound.
menthol reacts faster with (+) mandelic acid than with (-) mandelic
acid.
Thus with difference in kinetics of reaction,racemic mixture can be
seperated.
11
12. 6.PRECIPITATION:
This method is based on formation of precipitate by reaction between
any reagent and racemic mixture.
Example: (+) & (-) narcotine when dissolved in HCL ,precipitates
(+) narcotine.
12
13. 7.BY DIASTEREOMERS:
When racemic mixture is allowed to interact with optically active
material, it give a diastereomeric derivatives.
Diastereomer have different physical properties and hence can
easily separated into two component by fractional crystallisation
13