Research traditions in qualitative methods class session 4
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This document provides an overview of several qualitative research traditions including case study, grounded theory, phenomenology, heuristic inquiry, ethnography, and life history. It describes the key characteristics of each approach, such as case studies exploring "how" and "why" questions within a bounded context through storytelling. Grounded theory involves continual questioning and simultaneous data collection and analysis to generate theory. Phenomenology aims to understand the meaning of lived experiences. Ethnography studies culture through extensive field notes from natural settings. Narratives and life histories involve stories from individuals and groups about lived experiences.
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Introduction
In life, there are universal laws that govern everything we do. These laws are so perfect that if you were to align yourself with them, you could have so much prosperity that it would be coming out of your ears. This is because God created the universe in the image and likeness of him. It is failure to follow the universal laws that causes one to fail. The laws that were created consisted of the following: ·
Law of Gratitude: The Law of Gratitude states that you must show gratitude for what you have. By having gratitude, you speed your growth and success faster than you normally would. This is because if you appreciate the things you have, even if they are small things, you are open to receiving more.
Law of Attraction: The Law of Attraction states that if you focus your attention on something long enough you will get it. It all starts in the mind. You think of something and when you think of it, you manifest that in your life. This could be a mental picture of a check or actual cash, but you think about it with an image.
Law of Karma: the Law of Karma states that if you go out and do something bad, it will come back to you with something bad. If you do well for others, good things happen to you. The principle here is to know you can create good or bad through your actions. There will always be an effect no matter what.
Law of Love: the Law of Love states that love is more than emotion or feeling; it is energy. It has substance and can be felt. Love is also considered acceptance of oneself or others. This means that no matter what you do in life if you do not approach or leave the situation out of love, it won't work.
Law of Allowing: The Law of Allowing states that for us to get what we want, we must be receptive to it. We can't merely say to the Universe that we want something if we don't allow ourselves to receive it. This will defeat our purpose for wanting it in the first place.
Law of Vibration: the Law of Vibration states that if you wish on something and use your thoughts to visualize it, you are halfway there to get it. To complete the cycle you must use the Law of Vibration to feel part of what you want. Do this and you'll have anything you want in life.
For everything to function properly there has to be structure. Without structure, our world, or universe, would be in utter chaos. Successful people understand universal laws and apply them daily. They may not acknowledge that to you, but they do follow the laws. There is a higher power and this higher power controls the universe and what we get out of it. People who know this, but wish to direct their own lives, follow the reasons. Successful people don't sit around and say "I'll try," they say yes and act on it.
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- 1. Research Traditions in Qualitative Methods Class Session 4 ADLT 673, Spring 2017 Case Study Grounded Theory Phenomenology Heuristic Inquiry Ethnography Life History
- 2. Characteristics: Case Study • Best used to study “how” and “why” questions within a bounded system • Ideal approach when the variables are inextricably linked to the context • The goal of a case study is exploratory, does not evaluate an intervention • Tells a story, with intricate details, with special attention to specifics about the setting, culture, and the participants • Individual can be the unit of analysis; can then conduct a cross-case analysis of multiple individuals studied
- 3. Key Concepts in Grounded Theory Continual questioning of gaps, omissions, inconsistencies, and incomplete understandings Open processes in conducting research, rather than fixed methods and procedures Generate theory and data from interviewing, rather than observation practices Data collection, coding and analysis occur simultaneously, not as separate aspect of design Inductive: theory must grow out of the data and be grounded in the data
- 4. Characteristics: Phenomenology Purpose is to identify phenomena as perceived by study participants What is the meaning, structure, and essence of the lived experience? Direct investigation and description of phenomena without a priori theories Has many derivatives, such as phenomenol ogical heuristic inquiry (Moustakas)
- 5. Characteristics: Ethnography Purpose is to study cultural phenomena in a natural setting Originated in anthropology Researcher spends time living in the host culture to study it Methods are primarily direct observations of activities of group studied; formal and informal interviews Quality often depends upon time spent in observing and interacting Use of extensive field notes (taken or recorded and transcribed immediately)
- 6. Quality in Ethnography (Patton, 1990) • Comprehensiveness of field notes • Variety in information gathered from different perspectives • Cross-validation and triangulation of different data sources • Representation of participants in their own terms; capture experiences in their own words • Selection of key informants wisely • Ability to synthesize vast amounts of data to compose a complete picture • Provide carefully timed feedback as part of the verification process of fieldwork; observe its impact • Field notes should include your own experiences, thoughts, and feelings as the researcher
- 7. Characteristics: Narrative / Life Histories • Stories from individuals and groups (can include documents) about individuals’ lived and told experiences • Stories are either told to the researcher, or co-constructed between the researcher and participant • Strong collaborative feature in all narrative inquiry • Types of narratives: autoethnography, life history, oral history
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