An independent samples t-test was conducted to compare truck driver drowsiness scores for country music listening and no country music listening conditions. There was a significant difference in scores for country music listening (M=4.2, SD=1.3) and no country music listening (M=2.2, SD=0.84); t(8)=2.89, p=0.02.

1. Reporting an Independent
Sample t-test
Note – that the reporting format shown in this learning module
is for APA. For other formats consult specific format guides.
It is also recommended to consult the latest APA manual to
compare what is described in this learning module with the
most updated formats for APA.
Amit Sharma
Associate Professor
Dept. of Pharmacy Practice
ISF COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur GT Road, MOGA, 142001, Punjab
Mobile: 09646755140, 09418783145
Phone: No. 01636-650150, 650151
Website: - www.isfcp.org

2. Reporting the Study using APA

3. Reporting the Study using APA
• You can report data from your own experiments by
using the template below.

4. Reporting the Study using APA
• You can report data from your own experiments by
using the template below.
• “An independent-samples t-test was conducted to
compare (your DV measure) _________ in (IV level
/ condition 1) ________and (IV level / condition 2)
________ conditions.”

5. Reporting the Study using APA
• Here is an example:

6. Reporting the Study using APA
• Here is an example:
• “A single-samples t-test was conducted to compare
truck driver drowsiness scores for the country
music listening and the no country music listening
conditions.”

7. Reporting the Study using APA
• Here is an example:
• “A single-samples t-test was conducted to compare
truck driver drowsiness scores for the country
music listening and the no country music listening
conditions.”

8. Reporting the Study using APA
• Here is an example:
• “A single-samples t-test was conducted to compare
truck driver drowsiness scores for the country
music listening and the no country music listening
conditions.” Level 2
Level 1
Dependent Variable
Independent Variable

9. Reporting Results using APA

10. Reporting Results using APA
• You want to tell your reader whether or not there
was a significant difference between condition
means. You can report data from your own
experiments by using the template below.

11. Reporting Results using APA
• You want to tell your reader whether or not there
was a significant difference between condition
means. You can report data from your own
experiments by using the template below.
• “There was a significant (not a significant)
difference in the scores for IV level 1 (M=___,
SD=___) and IV level 2 (M=___, SD=___) conditions;
t(__)=____, p = ____”

12. Reporting Results using APA
• Just fill in the blanks by using in this case the SPSS
output

13. Reporting Results using APA
• Just fill in the blanks by using in this case the SPSS
output
• Let’s start by filing in the Mean and Standard
Deviation for each condition.

14. Reporting Results using APA
• Just fill in the blanks by using in this case the SPSS
output
• Let’s start by filing in the Mean and Standard
Deviation for each condition.
“There was a significant difference in the scores for
country music listening (M=___, SD=___) and no
country music listening(M=___, SD=___) conditions;
t(__)=___, p=___”
Country Music
Listening
N Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
DVWORDS
1.00 5 4.2000 1.3038 0.5831
2.00 5 2.2000 0.8367 0.3742

15. Reporting Results using APA
• Just fill in the blanks by using in this case the SPSS
output
• Let’s start by filing in the Mean and Standard
Deviation for each condition.
“There was a significant difference in the scores for
country music listening (M=4.20, SD=___) and no
country music listening(M=___, SD=___) conditions;
t(__)=___, p=___”
Country Music
Listening
N Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
DVWORDS
1.00 5 4.2000 1.3038 0.5831
2.00 5 2.2000 0.8367 0.3742

16. Reporting Results using APA
• Just fill in the blanks by using in this case the SPSS
output
• Let’s start by filing in the Mean and Standard
Deviation for each condition.
“There was a significant difference in the scores for
country music listening (M=4.20, SD=1.30) and no
country music listening(M=___, SD=___) conditions;
t(__)=___, p=___”
Country Music
Listening
N Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
DVWORDS
1.00 5 4.2000 1.3038 0.5831
2.00 5 2.2000 0.8367 0.3742

17. Reporting Results using APA
• Just fill in the blanks by using in this case the SPSS
output
• Let’s start by filing in the Mean and Standard
Deviation for each condition.
“There was a significant difference in the scores for
country music listening (M=4.20, SD=1.30) and no
country music listening(M=2.20, SD=___) conditions;
t(__)=___, p=___”
Country Music
Listening
N Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
DVWORDS
1.00 5 4.2000 1.3038 0.5831
2.00 5 2.2000 0.8367 0.3742

18. Reporting Results using APA
• Just fill in the blanks by using in this case the SPSS
output
• Let’s start by filing in the Mean and Standard
Deviation for each condition.
“There was a significant difference in the scores for
country music listening (M=4.20, SD=1.30) and no
country music listening(M=2.20, SD=0.84)
conditions; t(__)=___, p=___”
Country Music
Listening
N Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
DVWORDS
1.00 5 4.2000 1.3038 0.5831
2.00 5 2.2000 0.8367 0.3742

19. Reporting Results using APA
• Just fill in the blanks by using in this case the SPSS
output
• Let’s start by filing in the Mean and Standard
Deviation for each condition.
“There was a significant difference in the scores for
country music listening (M=4.20, SD=1.30) and no
country music listening(M=2.20, SD=0.84)
conditions; t(__)=___, p=___”
Country Music
Listening
N Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
DVWORDS
1.00 5 4.2000 1.3038 0.5831
2.00 5 2.2000 0.8367 0.3742

20. Reporting Results using APA
• Now we’ll finish up by filling in the values related to the T-
Test. Here we enter the degrees of freedom (df), the t-value
(t), and the Sig. (2-tailed) value (often referred to as the p
value).

21. Reporting Results using APA
• Now we’ll finish up by filling in the values related to the T-
Test. Here we enter the degrees of freedom (df), the t-value
(t), and the Sig. (2-tailed) value (often referred to as the p
value).
“There was a significant difference in the scores for
country music listening (M=4.2, SD=1.3) and no
country music listening (M=2.2, SD=0.84) Conditions;
t(_)=___, p=_____.”
Levene’s Test for
quality of Variances
T-test for Equality of Means
F Sig t df
Sig.
(2-tailes)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
DVWORD Equal Variance
Assumed
1.493 0.257 2.887 8 0.020 2.0000 0.6928 0.4024 3.5976
Equal Variance
not Assumed
2.887 6,817 0.024 2.0000 0.6928 0.3528 3.6472

22. Reporting Results using APA
• Now we’ll finish up by filling in the values related to the T-
Test. Here we enter the degrees of freedom (df), the t-value
(t), and the Sig. (2-tailed) value (often referred to as the p
value).
“There was a significant difference in the scores for
country music listening (M=4.2, SD=1.3) and no
country music listening (M=2.2, SD=0.84) Conditions;
t(8)=___, p=_____.”
Levene’s Test for
quality of Variances
T-test for Equality of Means
F Sig t df
Sig.
(2-tailes)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
DVWORD Equal Variance
Assumed
1.493 0.257 2.887 8 0.020 2.0000 0.6928 0.4024 3.5976
Equal Variance
not Assumed
2.887 6,817 0.024 2.0000 0.6928 0.3528 3.6472

23. Reporting Results using APA
• Now we’ll finish up by filling in the values related to the T-
Test. Here we enter the degrees of freedom (df), the t-value
(t), and the Sig. (2-tailed) value (often referred to as the p
value).
“There was a significant difference in the scores for
country music listening (M=4.2, SD=1.3) and no
country music listening (M=2.2, SD=0.84) Conditions;
t(8)=2.89, p=_____.”
Levene’s Test for
quality of Variances
T-test for Equality of Means
F Sig t df
Sig.
(2-tailes)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
DVWORD Equal Variance
Assumed
1.493 0.257 2.887 8 0.020 2.0000 0.6928 0.4024 3.5976
Equal Variance
not Assumed
2.887 6,817 0.024 2.0000 0.6928 0.3528 3.6472

24. Reporting Results using APA
• Now we’ll finish up by filling in the values related to the T-
Test. Here we enter the degrees of freedom (df), the t-value
(t), and the Sig. (2-tailed) value (often referred to as the p
value).
“There was a significant difference in the scores for
country music listening (M=4.2, SD=1.3) and no
country music listening (M=2.2, SD=0.84) Conditions;
t(8)=2.89, p=0.02.”
Levene’s Test for
quality of Variances
T-test for Equality of Means
F Sig t df
Sig.
(2-tailes)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
DVWORD Equal Variance
Assumed
1.493 0.257 2.887 8 0.020 2.0000 0.6928 0.4024 3.5976
Equal Variance
not Assumed
2.887 6,817 0.024 2.0000 0.6928 0.3528 3.6472

25. Reporting Results using APA
• Now we’ll finish up by filling in the values related to the T-
Test. Here we enter the degrees of freedom (df), the t-value
(t), and the Sig. (2-tailed) value (often referred to as the p
value).
“There was a significant difference in the scores for
country music listening (M=4.2, SD=1.3) and no
country music listening (M=2.2, SD=0.84) Conditions;
t(8)=2.89, p=0.02.”
Levene’s Test for
quality of Variances
T-test for Equality of Means
F Sig t df
Sig.
(2-tailes)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
DVWORD Equal Variance
Assumed
1.493 0.257 2.887 8 0.020 2.0000 0.6928 0.4024 3.5976
Equal Variance
not Assumed
2.887 6,817 0.024 2.0000 0.6928 0.3528 3.6472

26. Once the blanks are full…

27. Once the blanks are full…
• You have a sentence that looks very scientific but
was actually very simple to produce.

28. Once the blanks are full…
• You have a sentence that looks very scientific but
was actually very simple to produce.
“There was a significant difference in trucker
drowsiness scores for country music listening
(M=4.2, SD=1.3) and non-county music listening
(M=2.2, SD=0.84) conditions; t (8)=2.89, p = 0.02.”