Register Transfer Language
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This document discusses register transfer language and micro-operations. It describes how digital systems can be characterized by the registers they contain and operations performed on the data. Micro-operations like shift and load are executed on register data. Register transfer language uses symbols to describe the transfer of data between registers. It allows the internal organization of computers to be described concisely and facilitates digital system design.
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The document discusses registers, register transfer, and register transfer language (RTL) which is used to describe the organization and operations of digital computer systems at the register transfer level. RTL uses symbols to represent registers, data transfers between registers, and control functions. It describes basic components like registers, microoperations, buses, and how RTL can be used to represent the flow of data and operations in a computer system.
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This document discusses register transfer language and microoperations in a computer system. It defines microoperations as elementary operations performed during one clock cycle using information stored in registers. It describes register transfer language as a symbolic language used to describe the internal organization of a computer using registers, microoperations, and control signals. It also discusses various types of microoperations including register transfers, arithmetic, logic, and shift operations.
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The document discusses register transfer language (RTL) and microoperations in computer systems. It begins by introducing RTL as a notation for describing the internal operations of a computer using registers and transfer functions. It then discusses different types of microoperations including register transfers, arithmetic operations, logic operations, and shift operations. Specific examples are given of common register transfer and arithmetic microoperations notation in RTL.
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This document discusses different types of register transfer language (RTL) instructions. It defines registers and describes how RTL is used to symbolically represent micro-operations and data transfers between registers. The document categorizes different types of RTL instructions including three address, two address, one address, and zero address instructions. It provides examples of RTL statements to transfer data between registers under certain control conditions.
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This document discusses register transfer language (RTL) and microoperations in computer architecture. It begins by defining RTL as a symbolic language used to describe the internal organization and design of digital computers and systems at the register transfer level. This focuses on a system's registers, the data transformations within registers, and data transfers between registers. The document then discusses different types of microoperations - register transfers, arithmetic operations, logic operations, and shift operations. It provides examples of common microoperations and how they are represented in RTL. Overall, the document provides an overview of RTL and the basic concepts of microoperations in computer design.
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This document discusses register transfer language (RTL) and micro-operations in digital systems. It begins by defining registers and their role in storing data. RTL describes the internal hardware of a computer through specifying registers, allowable micro-operations on stored data, and control signals. Common micro-operations include register transfers, arithmetic, logic, and shift operations. Memory transfers involve reading data from or writing data to memory. An arithmetic logic shift unit is used to perform shift micro-operations and connect registers to a common operational unit.
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This document discusses register transfer language and microoperations in a computer system. It defines microoperations as elementary operations performed during one clock cycle using information stored in registers. It describes register transfer language as a symbolic language used to describe the internal organization of a computer using registers, microoperations, and control signals. It also discusses various types of microoperations including register transfers, arithmetic, logic, and shift operations.
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This document discusses register transfer language and microoperations. It begins by defining register transfer language as the symbolic notation used to describe transfers between registers using hardware logic circuits. It describes two common ways to transfer information: directly between registers using a replacement operator (R2 ! R1), and conditionally using an if-then statement (if P=1 then R2 ! R1). The document then discusses various microoperations including arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction, as well as incrementing and decrementing registers. It also covers transferring data to and from memory and constructing common bus systems using multiplexers or three-state buffers to transfer data between multiple registers.
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1. Register transfer language uses symbolic notation to describe micro-operations that transfer data between registers in a way similar to assembly language. Common operations include simple transfers that copy data between registers without changing the source register.
2. Buses and memory transfers allow efficient movement of data by using common lines to transfer data bits between registers and memory. Read operations transfer data from memory to registers while write operations transfer data from registers to memory.
3. Arithmetic and logic microoperations perform numeric and bitwise operations on data stored in registers, including addition, subtraction, shifting bits left or right, and complementing values. Shift operations serially move bits between positions in a
REGISTER TRANSFER AND MICROOPERATIONS2017-3-5.ppt
The document discusses register transfer language and microoperations. It describes how register transfer language is used to define the internal organization of digital computers by specifying registers, microoperation sequences, and control. Microoperations are elementary operations like shift, count, clear, and load that are performed during one clock cycle on information stored in registers. Common microoperations include register transfer, arithmetic, logic, and shift operations.
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This document discusses register transfer and micro-operations in computer systems. It describes how registers are connected using a centralized bus structure and multiplexers. It explains memory transfer operations including reading from and writing to memory by loading the memory address register and using read and write control signals. It provides examples of register transfer language notation and summarizes the four main types of micro-operations: register transfer, arithmetic, logic, and shift operations.
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The document discusses register transfer and micro-operations in computer architecture. It defines register transfer language (RTL) as a symbolic notation used to describe microoperations and the transfer of data between registers. The key microoperations covered are register-to-register transfer, conditional transfer, bus and memory transfers. Register transfer language provides a way to define the internal hardware operations of a computer through specifications of its registers, the microoperation sequences performed, and the control logic.
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Register Transfer Language
- 1. Register Transfer and Micro-operations CSE 211 Overview Register Transfer Language Register Transfer Bus and Memory Transfers Logic Micro-operations Shift Micro-operations Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit
- 2. Register Transfer and Micro-operations 2 CSE 211 Register Transfer Language Combinational and sequential circuits can be used to create simple digital systems. These are the low-level building blocks of a digital computer. Simple digital systems are frequently characterized in terms of the registers they contain, and the operations that are performed on data stored in them The operations executed on the data in registers are called micro- operations e.g. shift, count, clear and load
- 3. Register Transfer and Micro-operations 3 CSE 211 Register Transfer Language Set of registers and their functions Sequence of microoperations performed on binary information stored in registers Control signals that initiate the sequence of micro- operations (to perform the functions) Internal hardware organization of a digital computer :
- 4. Register Transfer and Micro-operations 4 CSE 211 Register Transfer Language Rather than specifying a digital system in words, a specific notation is used, Register Transfer Language The symbolic notation used to describe the micro operation transfer among register is called a register transfer language For any function of the computer, the register transfer language can be used to describe the (sequence of) micro-operations Register transfer language A symbolic language A convenient tool for describing the internal organization of digital computers in concise/precise manner. Can also be used to facilitate the design process of digital systems.
- 5. Register Transfer and Micro-operations 5 CSE 211 Register Transfer Language Registers are designated by capital letters, sometimes followed by numbers (e.g., A, R13, IR) Often the names indicate function: MAR - memory address register PC - program counter IR - instruction register Registers and their contents can be viewed and represented in various ways A register can be viewed as a single entity: MAR
- 6. Register Transfer and Micro-operations 6 CSE 211 Register Transfer Language R1 Register Numbering of bits Showing individual bits Subfields PC(H) PC(L) 15 8 7 0 - a register - portion of a register - a bit of a register • Common ways of drawing the block diagram of a register 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 R2 15 0 • Designation of a register
- 7. Register Transfer and Micro-operations 7 CSE 211 Register Transfer Language • Copying the contents of one register to another is a register transfer • A register transfer is indicated as R2 R1 In this case the contents of register R1 are copied (loaded) into register R2 A simultaneous transfer of all bits from the source R1 to the destination register R2, during one clock pulse Note that this is a non-destructive; i.e. the contents of R1 are not altered by copying (loading) them to R2
- 8. Register Transfer and Micro-operations 8 CSE 211 Register Transfer Language • A register transfer such as R3 R5 Implies that the digital system has – the data lines from the source register (R5) to the destination register (R3) – Parallel load in the destination register (R3) – Control lines to perform the action
- 9. Register Transfer and Micro-operations 9 CSE 211 Control Functions Often actions need to only occur if a certain condition is true This is similar to an “if” statement in a programming language In digital systems, this is often done via a control signal, called a control function If the signal is 1, the action takes place This is represented as: P: R2 R1 Which means “if P = 1, then load the contents of register R1 into register R2”, i.e., if (P = 1) then (R2 R1)
- 10. Register Transfer and Micro-operations 10 CSE 211 Hardware Implementation of Controlled Transfers Implementation of controlled transfer P: R2 R1 Block diagram Timing diagram Clock Transfer occurs here R2 R1 Control Circuit LoadP n Clock Load t t+1 The same clock controls the circuits that generate the control function and the destination register Registers are assumed to use positive-edge-triggered flip-flops
- 11. Register Transfer and Micro-operations 11 CSE 211 Basic Symbols in Register Transfer Capital letters Denotes a register MAR, R2 & Numerals Parentheses () Denotes a part of a register R2(0-7), R2(L) Arrow Denotes transfer of information R2 R1 Colon : Denotes termination of control function P: Comma , Separates two micro-operations A B, B A Symbols Description Examples