This document provides an introduction to the basics of digital electronics in Computer Organization and Design CSE211. It discusses logic gates, flip flops, decoders, encoders, multiplexers, and demultiplexers. It also defines integrated circuits as small silicon chips containing interconnected electronic components for digital gates. The document classifies integrated circuits based on the number of gates as small scale integration (less than 10 gates), medium scale integration (between 10 to 200 gates), large scale integration (between 200 and few thousands gates), and very large scale integration (thousands of gates within a single package).

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CSE211
Computer Organization and
Design

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Introduction
Logic Gates
Flip Flops
Decoder
Encoder
Multiplexers
Demultiplexer
Unit 1 : Basics of Digital Electronics

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Integrated Circuits
An IC is a small silicon semiconductors crystal called chip containing the
electronic components for digital gates.
- Various gates are interconnected inside chip to form required circuit.
- Chip is mounted in ceramic/plastic container connected to external pin
Small scale Integration (SSI) : less than 10 gates
Medium Scale Integration(MSI) : between 10 to 200 gates
(decoders, adders, registers)
Large Scale Integration(LSI) : between 200 and few thousands gates
( Processors, Memory Chips)
Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) : Thousands of gate within
single package ( Large Memory Arrays, Complex Microcomputer Chips)

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