This document discusses blood and blood products. It notes that there is no substitute for human blood and that blood type O positive is most common while AB negative is rarest. It also mentions that one donated unit can save several lives. The document provides an introduction to blood banking and transfusion history. It discusses the basic principles of blood donation and components as well as blood group systems. It outlines donor selection criteria and types of blood products available. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of rational and safe blood methods to ensure patient safety and adequate supply.

1. MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF DELHI
(HEALTH DEPARTMENT)
“Rational/Safe use of Blood & Blood Products”
Presented By :
Dr. P.P. Singh,
Consultant Pathologist
& Director Project, MCD

2. BLOOD INTERESTING FACTS
•There is no substitute for human blood
•O positive is most common blood group.
•Blood group O is “ universal donor “ and is frequently
required
•AB negative is most rare blood type.
•A person can donate blood every 3 months.
•After donation , blood volume begins replacing itself within
hours.
•ONE DONATED UNIT CAN SAVE SEVERAL LIVES.

3. INTRODUCTION
•Blood Transfusion history is not very old. Occasional use of animal and human blood
without cross matching
•1900 Karl Landestinar identified A.B.O. Grouping.
•1940 RH typing
•1954 Blood Banking/ Immunohemotherapy recognized
•Approx. 300 type blood group systems. However, only few are important.
•Safe Blood and Blood product are basic requirement of Health Care Programme.
•In Delhi the requirement of Blood is approx. 3 lakhs unit per year and Collection is
2.2. Lakhs. So, there is a shortage

4. BASIC PRINCIPLES
(a) Blood Donation must be harm less to donor.
(b) Blood Donated must not be harmful to Recipient rather
Beneficial.

5. Basic Components
A. Blood Banking
• Collection
• Processing
• Preservation
• Preparation & Distribution of Blood and Blood
Components
B. Hemotherapy
• Selection
• Preparation
• Transfusion of appropriate Blood,& Blood components for
each individual patients.

6. Blood & Blood Products.
•Antibodies
•Preservatives
•Antigen
•Contamination
• Transfer of Infection from Donor to
Recipient
•Any septic condition

7. Types of Blood Donors
1. Relative Donors
2. Voluntary Donors
3. Professional Donors
4. Self (Auto transfer)

8. Transfusion Re-action (CAUSES)
A Hemolytic Reaction
• Mismatch
• Defective RBC of patients
• Defective Heart Valve Prosthesis
• D/W during prostate surgery
• Toxins in patients like Clostridium welchi, Sever
septicemia
• G6PD defect
B. Reaction related to Blood Components
• Leukocytes/ Platelets
C. Related to Plasma Protein
D. Anticoagulant overload
E. Temperature

9. F. Disease Transmission
Hepatitis
Syphilis
Malaria/Filaria
AIDS
Brucelosis
Toxoplasmosis etc.etc.

10. Selection of Blood Donors
Each Donor must be screened prior to each Blood Donation by Medical
History and Physical Examination
Age- 18-55 years
Body weight- 110 Lbs (45 Kg.)
Temp.- Normal/Less then 37.50
C or 99.50
F
Pulse - 50-100 per minute Regular
B.P. -
Diastolic 50-100 mm Hg.
Systolic 90-180 mm. Hg.
Hemoglobin-
13.0 gm./dl. (Male)
12.5 gm./dl.(Female)

11. Deferment of Donor
A Permanent
Malignant Tumor
Leukemia
Convulsions
Sever Cardio pulmonary
disease
Known positive HBs Ag.
Post transfusion Hepatitis
B. Temporary
Cold,Flu,Diabetes,Tuberculosis
Syphilis& other infections.

12. For 1 Year.:- Severe illness,therapeutic rabies
vaccine.
For Six Months :- Close contact with Viral Hepatitis
,tattoo,Injection of blood & blood
products, malaria.
For Two Months :- German Measles vaccination.
For 8 Weeks :- Previous blood donation.
Foe 6 Week :- Post MTP.
For 2 Week :- Vaccination Or Serum Products.
For 72 Hours :- Dental or minor surgery,
Test for Allergy.
For 48 Hours :- Plasmapheresis, Aspirine use.

13. Mandatory for Blood Bank
“Blood is a drug covered under the Drug and
cosmetic act 1940 modified in 1989”
1.License
2.Testing for
Hepatitis B screening
HIV antibodies screening
VDRL/RPR for Syphilis
Test for Malaria
Hepatitis C ?

14. Type of Blood
 Whole Blood
 Plasma (Fresh Frozen Plasma)
 Packed Red Cell
 Washed Red Cells
 Leukocyte poor Red Cell
 Platelets Concentrate
 Cryoprecipitate or AHF
 Albumin 5% , 25%
 Specific Immunoglobulins (Anti-Rh D)
 Massive Transfusion

15. Some facts about Blood Transfusion
Blood Donation in India
•Voluntary donation accounts for 40%of total blood donated ;
rest are replacement donation.
•Most voluntary donors are students and youths ( 40-50%).
•Female donors are very small ( 2-6%).
•Most people donate on humanitarian grounds ( 74.7%).
•About 26% people are unfit for donation due to any reason.
•Maximum blood comes from mobile vans.
•Most people are unable to donate because of unsuitable timing
and place.

16. Precautions at time of Transfusion
1 Proper identification
2 Intra venous fluid-- Only N/S
5% Dextrose- Hemolysis
Ringer solution – Clotting
3 Filters- Standard 170 ù, Nylon Laxan Plastic Mesh
Platelets- 40 ù Special - 13-100 ù
4 Blood Warmer
5 Speed of Infusion - 60 drops per minute or
150 ml.to 250 ml. Per hours
6. Monitoring of the patients.

17. S.No. Blood
Components
Quantity Shelf life Indication
1 Whole Blood 450 ml 21 days (ACD)
35 days
(CPD_Adenine)
Brisk active
bleeding
2 Red Blood Cell 280 ml - do - Anemias, slow
blood loss.
3 Washed Red
Cell
250 ml 1 day. Prevention of
febrile non
hemolytic
reactions.
4 Frozen thawed
RBC
250 ml 3 years in freezer
1 day after
washing.
Rare blood,
5 Platelet
concentrate
30-50 ml 3 days Hemorrhage,
Platelet disorder

18. S.No. Blood
Components
Quantity Shelf life Indication
6 Cryoprecipitate 10 ml 1 year Factor VIII,Fibrinogen
7 Factor IX 500 ml 1 year Factor IX
deficenciency
8 Albumin
5%,20%
250-500 ml
50- 100 ml
3 years Burns. Hypovolemic
shock,
hypoprotienemia
9 Immunoglobulin
serum
2-10 ml 3 years As antibodies
suppliment.
10 Anti-Rho(D) 300 ug 1I
/2 years Prevent Rho(D)
immunization

19. Conclusion :
1 Blood is life ? Or is Blood fatal ?
The answered depend on the type of Blood a patient
receives - Infected with deadly virus or
safe & free from any infection.
2. By Rational & Safe Blood Methods, not only re ensure
the safety of the patient but also be will have enough
blood for all needy.