This document discusses demography and family welfare for paramedics. It defines demography as the scientific study of human populations, including changes in size, composition, and distribution. It outlines the stages of the demographic cycle and factors that influence population growth such as fertility, mortality, migration, and marriage. The document also discusses population pyramids, hazards of overpopulation, India's population trends, its national population policy, the scope of family welfare, and classifications of contraceptive methods.

1. ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF LOCAL SELF
GOVERNMENT
DELHI
“DEMOGRAPHY and FAMILY WELFARE
for paramedics “
DR.P.P.SINGH
By
Dr. P.P.SINGH
Faculty AIILSGD
Ex Medical Superintendent Cum Consultant pathologist HRH
Delhi
Ex. Director India Population Project 8 Delhi..

2. DEMOGRAPHY and FAMILY WELFARE
Demography is a collective study of mankind. It is defined
as scientific study of human population and any change in human
phenomena.
( Change in population size , composition , distribution of
population)
Collection of demographic Data.
1. Population census.
2. Records of Vital statistics
3. Records of Health department.
4. Records of health institutions.
5. Records of special surveys.
6. Periodic publication by WHO, Registrar General etc.

3. DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLE
Started since 1650 World population .
11 th July is celebrated as World Population Day.
 There are Five Stage of demographic cycle.
1.FIRST STAGE : - High Stationary . High BR/ High Death Rate ( till
1920 India Was in this stage , big divide in 1921)
2.SECOND – EARLY EXPENDING – Low DR but No change in BR –
South America & Africa.
3. THIRD STAGE – LATE EXPANDING – Low DR and BR also start
declining. Eg INDIA
4. LOW STATIONARY – Low DR & BR -- Australia, UK , Denmark ,
Sweden.
5. DECLINING – BR is Lower than DR. --- Europe , Germany Hungary

4. FACTORS INFLUENCING POPULATION GROWTH
There are Four major factors.
FERTILITY MORTALITY MIGRATION MARRIAGE
 Family
Planning
Habits
 Mass
control of
Diseases.
Job &
Educational
opportunitie
s
Universalit
y of
Marriage
Low
Standard of
Living
Natural
Checks (
famine,
epidemic)
Wars ,
famines etc
 Early
marriage.
 Low level
of Literacy
 Wars,
Better
Health care.
Traditional
customs
Advances
in Medical
sciences

5. POPULATION PYRAMIDS
Male – - female
Pyramid
With Broad
centre
15- 45 Age
Reproductiv
e Age
Indicate
more
growth of
population.
Male – - female

6. HAZARDS OF POPULATION GROWTH
 Reduces per capita income.
Decreased Literacy.--- 65%
Rising Unemployment
Industrialization / Urbanization – migration decreases water
supply, sanitation
Urbanization results in deforestation leads to imbalance in
environment.
Impact on Health Services.
Slow progress of development.

7. Demographic trend in INDIA
Population of 1.25 Billion (2011) with only 2.4% Land & 16%
of world population.
Every 1& ½ second a child is born .
Every year increase in population is about 28 lakhs, equaling
to Australia .
It may reach 1.53 Billion by 2050 and surpass China.
In April 1976 India Framed NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY.
Raised the marriage age from 15-18 female and 18 – 21 for
male. Revised in 2002.

8. NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY 2002.
It reaffirm the commitment of Govt. towards target
free approach in Family Welfare services. , It also deals
several issues .
Women Education
Empowerment of Women
Child survival & health services.
Unmet needs of FP services.
Adolescent Health & Education etc.

9. FAMILY WEFARE
It is considered as a fundamental right.
SCOPE of Family Welfare
1. Before Marriage- Sex education , PREMARITAL &
Genetic counseling.
2. After Marriage – supply of contraceptive /
sterilization / MTP.
3. Fertile Couples – screening of RTI / STD , parent
craft education / genetic counseling.
4. Infertile couple Investigation & Treatment of
sterility / artificial insemination / Adoption .

10. CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
Also known as Fertility regulatory Methods , Birth
Control or Family Planning.
Ideal Contraceptive :- means
Safe,
Effective prevention of Pregnancy.
Acceptable ,
less expensive ,
R reversible ,
Simple to administered .
Independent to sexual act.
Approach as per the need of couple called “CAFETERIA
APPORACH “

11. CLASSIFICATION
a. Temporary
 Abstinence
 Coitus intreptus
 Safe period ( Rhythmic method)
 Natural
 Breast feeding
 Barrier Methods
 Physical – Condom
 Chemical
 Combined
b. Permanent
 Male – vasectomy / NSV
 Female – Tubectomy , mini lap