The document discusses the importance of blood donation. It notes that blood is a scarce resource worldwide, with only 16% of the blood supply coming from voluntary donors. Blood carries oxygen, fights infections, and stops bleeding. It is composed of red blood cells, platelets, plasma, and white blood cells. Regular blood donation is beneficial as it helps maintain healthy iron and cholesterol levels. Donating blood can help save lives of accident victims, surgery patients, and those with blood disorders, cancers, or medical conditions. The donation process involves screening, a medical exam, and blood collection that takes less than an hour.
Amazing Health Benefits of Blood DonationMedisys Kart
Donating blood regularly means we have to protect the liver from being damage which is generally caused by increase amount of iron in the body. Here are the amazing health benefits of blood donation.
Amazing Health Benefits of Blood DonationMedisys Kart
Donating blood regularly means we have to protect the liver from being damage which is generally caused by increase amount of iron in the body. Here are the amazing health benefits of blood donation.
Presentation is about donating blood and its importance.
Before you use the presentation please email me.
Creator: Emin Aktas
Email address: eminaktaszxc@gmail.com
This presentation made for course ELTE120. (Persuasive Speech)
Teacher's name: AHMET ERSOY HIDIROĞLU
Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU), North Cyprus
BLOOD DONATION & ITS IMPORTANCE
*INTRODUCTION;
-Why you should donate blood?
-Health benefits of blood donation .
-How much blood can be taken?
-Tips for a successful blood donation.
-Blood type & matches .
-Conclusion.
--------------------------------------
*WHY YOU SHOULD DONATE BLOOD?
-There is no substitute for blood.
-Every 3 seconds someone needs a blood transfusion.
-Your donation will help save the life of up to 3 people .
-Blood is the most precious gift that anyone can give to another person.The Gift of Life.
--------------------------------------
*HEALTH BENEFITS OF BLOOD DONATION
-The joy of saving human lives!
-Reduce the risk of Heart Diseases.
-Reduces the risk of Cancer.
-Help get rid of negative feelings.
--------------------------------------
*HOW MUCH BLOOD CAN BE TAKEN?
-Our body has 5.5 liter of blood.Only 350-450 ml of blood can be taken.
-The withdrawn blood volume is restored within 24 hours & haemoglobin and cell components are restored in 2 months.
-It is safe to donate blood every three months
--------------------------------------
*TIPS FOR A SUCCESSFUL BLOOD DONATION.
-Take light refreshment/food before blood donation. (2 hours before.)
-Person who has consumed alchocol should avoid giving blood for next 24 hours.
-Person who had undergone major surgery should avoid blood donation for 6 months.
-Avoid doing any vigorous exercise or heavy lifting the day of your donation, both before and after you’ve given blood.
--------------------------------------
*BLOOD TYPE & MATCHES
--------------------------------------
*CONCLUSION
Life is full of surprises, and you may find yourself in the same predicament in future so make an effort and donate blood today and save a life.
The Blood Donation, one of the most essential part in our healthcare system, just because our doctors depend on blood donors to carry out life-threatening and life-saving surgeries, everyday. Many a life rely on these Blood Donors. June 14th being the World Blood Donor Day lets pass the awareness about blood donation. Be alert. Somebody around you is in need for Blood. Donate Blood, Save a Life.
Presentation is about donating blood and its importance.
Before you use the presentation please email me.
Creator: Emin Aktas
Email address: eminaktaszxc@gmail.com
This presentation made for course ELTE120. (Persuasive Speech)
Teacher's name: AHMET ERSOY HIDIROĞLU
Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU), North Cyprus
BLOOD DONATION & ITS IMPORTANCE
*INTRODUCTION;
-Why you should donate blood?
-Health benefits of blood donation .
-How much blood can be taken?
-Tips for a successful blood donation.
-Blood type & matches .
-Conclusion.
--------------------------------------
*WHY YOU SHOULD DONATE BLOOD?
-There is no substitute for blood.
-Every 3 seconds someone needs a blood transfusion.
-Your donation will help save the life of up to 3 people .
-Blood is the most precious gift that anyone can give to another person.The Gift of Life.
--------------------------------------
*HEALTH BENEFITS OF BLOOD DONATION
-The joy of saving human lives!
-Reduce the risk of Heart Diseases.
-Reduces the risk of Cancer.
-Help get rid of negative feelings.
--------------------------------------
*HOW MUCH BLOOD CAN BE TAKEN?
-Our body has 5.5 liter of blood.Only 350-450 ml of blood can be taken.
-The withdrawn blood volume is restored within 24 hours & haemoglobin and cell components are restored in 2 months.
-It is safe to donate blood every three months
--------------------------------------
*TIPS FOR A SUCCESSFUL BLOOD DONATION.
-Take light refreshment/food before blood donation. (2 hours before.)
-Person who has consumed alchocol should avoid giving blood for next 24 hours.
-Person who had undergone major surgery should avoid blood donation for 6 months.
-Avoid doing any vigorous exercise or heavy lifting the day of your donation, both before and after you’ve given blood.
--------------------------------------
*BLOOD TYPE & MATCHES
--------------------------------------
*CONCLUSION
Life is full of surprises, and you may find yourself in the same predicament in future so make an effort and donate blood today and save a life.
The Blood Donation, one of the most essential part in our healthcare system, just because our doctors depend on blood donors to carry out life-threatening and life-saving surgeries, everyday. Many a life rely on these Blood Donors. June 14th being the World Blood Donor Day lets pass the awareness about blood donation. Be alert. Somebody around you is in need for Blood. Donate Blood, Save a Life.
Hello Dear...,
Dan Mitra Mandal (DMM) - Bopal - Ahmedabad and Green Cross Laboratory together organizing Voluntary Blood Donation Camp...
Do share this information with your friends and groups...
kindly acknowledge the confirmation of participation in this generous nobel event...
Looking for your great and kind support..........
Date: 08/07/2012 - SUNDAY
Venue: Purushotam Dham, New Anand Ashram, Ghuma Gam Chhella Bus-stand same,Ghumagam - Ahmedabad.
Respected donor will be provided-Blood tests report, Certificate of participation, complementary gift, routine breakfast, fruits.
thanks and its nice to see you @ event with friends and groups..........
Dan Mitra Mandal (DMM) - Bopal - Ahmedabad
Mission - Zero blood deficit and 100% voluntary blood donation by 2017Waste Management
Our mission has 2 objectives
1. 0 blood deficit by 2017
2. 100% voluntary blood donation
You can join us and help to make the world a better place.
We strongly believe that Blood is not for SALE.
Blood can't be manufactured and can only be donated
fB lhttps://www.facebook.com/blooddeficit0?fref=ts
Blog http://donatethebloodsavelife.blogspot.com/
G+ https://plus.google.com/communities/106366839504138481028
Playstore - https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.savethelife.csr
itunes - https://itunes.apple.com/in/app/savethelife/id1019399847?mt=8
Twitter - @voluntarydonor
Join - www.savethelife.info
It gives solution about teasing. it also provide the causes and effects of eve teasing . these are discussed on Bangladesh situation. all pictures and infoermations are downloded from internet.
Google Self Driving Cars
The Google Self-Driving Car is a project by Google that involves developing technology for autonomous cars. The software powering Google's cars is called Google Chauffeur. Lettering on the side of each car identifies it as a "self-driving car". The project is currently being led by Google engineer Sebastian Thrun, former director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and co-inventor of Google Street View. Thrun's team at Stanford created the robotic vehicle Stanley which won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge and its US$2 million prize from the United States Department of Defense. The team developing the system consisted of 15 engineers working for Google, including Chris Urmson, Mike Montemerlo, and Anthony Levandowski who had worked on the DARPA Grand and Urban Challenges.
Legislation has been passed in four states and the District of Columbia allowing driverless cars. The U.S. state of Nevada passed a law on June 29, 2011, permitting the operation of autonomous cars in Nevada, after Google had been lobbying in that state for robotic car laws. The Nevada law went into effect on March 1, 2012, and the Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles issued the first license for an autonomous car in May 2012, to a Toyota Prius modified with Google's experimental driverless technology. In April 2012, Florida became the second state to allow the testing of autonomous cars on public roads, and California became the third when Governor Jerry Brown signed the bill into law at Google HQ in Mountain View. In July 2014, the city of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho adopted a robotics ordinance that includes provisions to allow for self-driving cars.
Videos
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCLyNDhxwpqNe3UeEmGHl8g
A blood donation occurs when a person voluntarily has blood drawn and used for transfusions and/or made into biopharmaceutical medications by a process called fractionation. Donation may be of whole blood, or of specific components directly.
What is blood collection
what is blood banking
4 main blood groups
Indian Blood banking scenarios
ABO
RH antigen and cross matching in blood groups
shelf life of different blood products
A blood product is any therapeutic substance prepared from human blood. This includes whole blood; blood components; and plasma derivatives. Whole blood is not commonly used in transfusion medicine.
Kerala Engineering Architecture Medical is an entrance examination series for admissions to various professional degree courses in the state of Kerala, India. It is conducted by the Office of the Commissioner of Entrance Exams run by the Government of Kerala
Paleontology is the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils. Fossils are the remains of plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and single-celled living things that have been replaced by rock material or impressions of organisms preserved in roc
The ways in which an element—or compound such as water—moves between its various living and nonliving forms and locations in the biosphere is called a biogeochemical cycle. Biogeochemical cycles important to living organisms include the water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles.
The AC and DC bridge both are used for measuring the unknown parameter of the circuit. The AC bridge measures the unknown impedance of the circuit. The DC bridge measures the unknown resistance of the circuit.
The Wien bridge is a type of bridge circuit that was developed by Max Wien in 1891. The bridge consists of four resistors and two capacitors. At the time of the Wien bridge's invention, bridge circuits were a common way of measuring component values by comparing them to known values.
For most of us, our name existed even before we did.
In anticipation of our arrival, our parents went through an ultra stressful process of narrowing down dozens of potential names until they chose the perfect one.
Luckily they did, because whatever your name is, it has followed you throughout your entire life; and in some cases, people may have heard of your name before they’ve ever met you.
When it comes to how to name an app, it’s of similar importance as naming a child. The name of your app will follow your brand forever, and in many cases, potential users will hear the name before they ever actually use your app.
flora and fauna of himachal pradesh and keralaAJAL A J
flora and fauna of himachal pradesh and kerala
A green pearl in the Himalayan crown, Himachal Pradesh is blessed with a rich flora and fauna that graces the land with grandeur and majesty. Other animals that can be sighted in the wild include the ibex, wild yak, ghoral deer, musk deer, Himalayan black bear, brown bear, leopards and the Himalayan Thar. Also kerala is gods on country
Bachelor of Science in Cardio-vascular technology is an undergraduate course in cardiology. These technologists assist the physicians in the diagnosis and the treatment of cardiac (heart) and peripheral vascular conditions (blood vessels). The cardiovascular technologists are also responsible for preparing the patients for open-heart surgeries and pacemaker implantation surgeries. The technologists also monitor the patient’s cardiac parameters while they undergo the surgery. B. Sc. in Cardiovascular technology is a three years’ full-time undergraduate course and is an interesting and important course in medicine.
`Remove Unprofitable Products and Services. The products or services with the highest gross profit margin are the most important to your business. ...
Find New Customers. New customers can help grow your business. ...
Increase your Conversion Rate. ...
Review Current Pricing Structure. ...
Reduce your inventory. ...
Reduce your overheads.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone (androgen) levels. The ovaries may develop numerous small collections of fluid (follicles) and fail to regularly release eggs
Are you an NRI and aiming to come back to India to pursue graduation from the top-tier colleges of India?
Then, you’re halfway there. Being an NRI, your top preference would be IITs and NITs of India. If that's the case, you must know the fee structure of both the IITs, NITs (under DASA scheme), Centrally Funded Institutions and State-Level Govt. Engineering Colleges.
Note: According to the latest update from DASA, from session 2021-22 onwards, JEE Rank is made mandatory for NRI/PIO/OCI Students to be eligible for DASA & CIWG Schemes. Hence, 2020-21 will be the last year when SAT 2 scores will be considered for DASA/CIWG Scheme.
Subjects to study if you want to work for a charityAJAL A J
The charity sector can be competitive and experience, volunteer or otherwise, can count for a lot. But there are ways to make that third sector CV stand out from the competition. Why not take some courses? A course can be a great way to make your application shine and an opportunity to learn new skills and ideas.
Joint Entrance Examination - Main or commonly known as JEE Main is a national level entrance exam conducted by the NTA to offer admission to BE/BTech, BPlan and BArch courses at the IIITs (Indian Institute of Information Technology), NITs (National Institute of Technology) and other Centrally Funded Technical Institutions (CFTIs) across the country.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
3. Blood as a Scarce Resource
in the World
75 million units of blood are donated each year75 million units of blood are donated each year
500,000 women who die from complication of500,000 women who die from complication of
pregnancy each yearpregnancy each year
150,000 die because of lack of blood.150,000 die because of lack of blood.
80% of the worldwide population has access to80% of the worldwide population has access to
only 20% of safe blood.only 20% of safe blood.
Only 16% of blood supply is donated by voluntary/Only 16% of blood supply is donated by voluntary/
non-remunerated blood donors in the worldnon-remunerated blood donors in the world
because of only family/replacement do in most ofbecause of only family/replacement do in most of
developing countries.developing countries. WHO Information Sheets, 2005
4. What is Blood?
• Specialized cells suspended in plasma
• Constantly circulating throughout body
• Carries oxygen and nourishment to cells and
removes waste products
• Supports body’s immune system and
capacity to heal itself
5. Components of Blood
• Whole blood contains 4 main elements:
• Red blood cells – carry oxygen to tissue
• Platelets – used in coagulation (clotting)
• Plasma – maintains blood volume and blood
pressure, and prevents excessive bleeding
• White blood cells – fight infection
7. Functions of Blood
• RBC
Hemoglobin
Function: O2 delivery
Given to patients with low
Hemoglobin level.
Tissue
8. BLOOD
• Blood flows everywhere through
the human body.
• We cannot live without it.
• The heart pumps blood to all our
body cells, supplying them with
oxygen and food.
• Blood also carries proteins and
cell fragments called platelets
that let blood clot where there
has been an injury.
9. RED BLOOD CELLS
• Red blood cells carry oxygen to body
tissues and remove carbon dioxide.
• They are red because they contain a
protein called hemoglobin that is red
in color.
• Red blood cells are round and
thinner in the middle, like a balloon
that is partly filled with water. This
lets them squeeze through tiny
blood vessels without breaking.
10. PLATELETS
• If a blood vessel is cut, platelets
stick to the edges of the cut and
to one another, forming a plug
that stops bleeding.
• They then release chemicals
that react with fibrinogen and
other clotting proteins, leading
to the formation of a blood clot.
• The blood vessel can then heal
over the cut area.
12. PLASMA
• Plasma is the liquid part of
your blood in which red
cells and platelets float.
• Plasma is mostly water,
but the proteins it
contains are necessary for
life.
• Some of of these proteins
are clotting proteins.
Plasma helps to carry …
nutrients
clotting factors
proteins
13. What is Blood Composed
of?
• CELLS
Red cells
White cells
Platelets
• FLUID
Plasma
15. Blood group
Determined by the presence
of different proteins on the
red cell membrane.
A antigen- group A
B antigen- group B
A and B antigen- group AB
None – group O
Group A Group B
Group AB Group O
Blood Group
16. Blood Types
• O- is the universal blood donor
• AB is the universal blood recipient
• O and A blood groups are always in high
demand but all are needed
• There is no ‘best’ blood type
17. Fact sheet
A person has 5 - 6 litres of blood in their
body.
A person can donate blood every 90 days
(3 months).
Body recovers the Blood very quickly:
Blood plasma volume– within 24 - 48 hours
Red Blood Cells – in about 3 weeks
Platelets & White Blood Cells – within minutes
18. BLOOD FACT
• A kidney transplant patient, on
average, will need one to two units
of red blood cells to get through
surgery.
• A heart transplant patient, on
average, will need four to six units of
red blood cells.
19. BLOOD FACT
• A liver transplant patient,
on average, will need six
to 10 units of red blood
cells, 20 units of plasma
and 10 units of platelets.
20. BLOOD FACT
• A newborn open-heart surgery, on
average, will need one to four units
of red blood cells, one to two units of
plasma, and one to four units of
platelets.
24. 4.5 million Indians lives are saved
by blood transfusions each year
Blood is always needed for,
accident victims
cancer patients
blood disorder patients
surgery patients
Pre-mature, pre term babies
and many others…….
Indication of blood donationIndication of blood donation
25. Safety ConcernsSafety Concerns
• Safety of Blood Donor & Blood Recipient
(patient) because “Safe Blood” gives life, “Unsafe
blood” gives infections
• To ensure “Blood SafetyBlood Safety”,
– Strict “Donor ScreeningDonor Screening” at the Camp
– “TestingTesting” of collected blood to WHO specified
standards
– Strict “cross-matchingcross-matching” of blood samples to ensure
safe transfusion to patient
26. Procedure for Voluntary Blood DonationProcedure for Voluntary Blood Donation
Pre-Donation:Pre-Donation:
1. Donor Screening
2. Donor Eligibility criteria
3. Donor Consent Form
4. Medical examination
Blood Donation:Blood Donation:
5. Blood donation procedure
Post donationPost donation
6. Rest, advice & refreshment
7. Donor Certificate, Donor ID card
27. Donor Eligibility Criteria
• Who can donate?
• Age: 18 - 60 years
• Weight : > 45 kgs
• Hemoglobin level: >12 gms/dl for men
and 12.5 gms/dl for women
• In good health
Wt > 45 KgWt > 45 Kg
28. Who CANNOT donate?
Life long 1 year 6 Months
х Abnormal bleeding disorder
х Heart, Kidney, Liver
Disorder
х Thyroid disorder
х Epilepsy, Mental disorders
х Tuberculosis, Leprosy,
х Asthma
х Cancer
х Insulin dependent diabetics
х Uncontrolled High BP
o Surgery
o Typhoid
o Dog bite
o Unexplained
weight loss
o Continuous
low grade fever
o Tattooing or body
piercing
o Dental extraction
o Root canal
treatment
o Malaria
o Vaccination
29. Female donors cannot donate blood……
• During pregnancy
• After delivery for one year
• When lactating
• During menstrual period and for 7 days there
after
Male donors cannot donate blood……
• If consumed Alcohol in the previous 24 hours
31. Post Donation AdvicePost Donation Advice
• Drink lots of fluids for next 24 hours
• Avoid smoking for one hour & alcohol till after a meal
• Don’t use elevator to go up immediately after donation as it will make
blood rush to your feet & make you dizzy!
• Avoid highly strenuous exercises & games for a day
• If you feel dizzy, lie down & put your feet up. You will be alright in 10-20
mins.
• Remove band-aid after 4 hours. If it bleeds, apply pressure & reapply
band-aid. If bruised and painful, apply cold-pack 4 to 5 times for 5 mins
each. The bruise is due to blood seeping into the surrounding tissue. It will
take a few days to get reabsorbed.
•
32. What It Takes To Give III:
• You should be in good health and feel well
• You should have had something to eat and
had adequate sleep
• You must also meet hemoglobin (iron)
requirements (test done at clinic)
• At the time of donation, you will be asked a
number of questions to determine your
eligibility
33. What It Takes To Give IV:
If you have You must wait before
donating
Had dental treatment
(extractions, fillings, cleaning,
restoration)
For cleaning or filling: until the day
after treatment
For extraction, root canal or dental
surgery: 72 hours provided there is
full recovery
A cold, flu or sore throat Full recovery
Had ear or body piercing
or tattooing
6 months
34. Uses of Blood
• Platelets – cancer patients, hemophiliacs,
etc.
• Red cells – anemia patients, cancer
patients, trauma patients etc.
• Plasma – serious burns, shock, cancer,
bone marrow therapy, etc.
35. How Much Blood Is Needed…
• Fractured hip/Joint replacement – 2 to 5
units
• Auto accident/Gunshot wound – up to 50
units
• Cancer treatment – up to 8 units per week
• Bleeding ulcer – 3 to 30 units
• Brain surgery – 4 to 10 units
• Cardiovascular surgery – 2 to 25 units
• Liver transplant – up to 100 units
36. The Donation Process
• Photo identification is presented to the
receptionist.
• First time donors will be given a “First Time
Donor” sticker to inform nurses to be more
attentive.
• Iron levels are checked when there is an
available nurse.
• A series of questions are provided on the
back of the donor’s information printout to
check eligibility.
37. The Donation Process II
• The donor must read the information presented about
testing for diseases, HIV symptoms, etc.
• A nurse takes the donor into a private room where more
questions are asked about the donor to further check
eligibility.
• Temperature and blood pressure are measured in the
room.
• Lastly, a ‘Yes, use my blood,’ or ‘No, don’t use my blood’
sticker is available for donors to put on their information
sheet in private, without the nurse present.
38. What can YOU do?
• Make Blood Donation a HABIT
• Donate regularly – every 3 months to
commemorate special days like birthdays,
anniversaries ….
• Motivate others to donate
• Refer your friends and relatives
Today
Save a life!
Today
Save a life!
39. Benefits to Donor of blood donation
Health benefits:
Regular donation (2-3 times a year….)
– Lowers cholesterol
– Lowers lipid levels
– Decreases incidence of heart attacks, strokes
Donor is also eligible to receive one FREE unit of
blood if needed for
– Self
– Spouse/ Child/ Parents, and
– Even friends
40. Benefits
Health + Money
Tests on:
hemoglobin level
blood pressure
body weight
hepatitis B
hepatitis C
Syphilis
HIV/AIDS
42. Blood Donation Camp-
Requirements from your side
• Suitable date, venue and number of donors expected
• Well lit, well ventilated, spacious area for registration and
medical check up, bleeding and refreshment
• Sufficient cots (or Tables) bleeding tables with chairs to each
bed
• Waste boxes under each bed
• Tables and chairs for registration, medical check up and extra
chairs for waiting donors
• Clean drinking water with disposable cups in camp area and
refreshment are
• Volunteers to help with registration and refreshments
43. References
1. American Red Cross http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-about-blood/blood-facts-and-
statistics
2. Chandramita Bora, Advantages of Donating Blood, 10.12.2011,
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/advantages-of-donating-blood.html
3. Blood types: Distribution stats,interesting facts,2011
http://bloodbanker.com/plasma/centers/category/blood-donation-terms/
4. A Free Pound of Dunkin Donuts Coffee For a Pint of Blood
Thursday, January 6, 2011, by Paula Forbes; http://eater.com/tags/blood-donation
5. A pint of ice cream for a pint of blood
Sunday, July 24, 2011 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYQCAAuCVTo
6 .Lack of blood donations proves costly for N.J. hospitals, January 07, 2009
http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2009/01/lack_of_blood_donations_proves.html
The purpose of these restrictions is to make sure that you are absolutely healthy enough to donate so that you suffer minimal side-effects. CBS wants to ensure the best possible experience for all of its donors so that they will return after a positive experience. We do not want to risk the donor’s health, so precautions are taken to the best of our abilities.
**The actual ‘needle in arm’ time is about 5 minutes.