National Population Policy 2002
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The document discusses India's National Population Policy from 2002 and the National Rural Health Mission. It aims to increase public health expenditures to 6% by 2010, implement public health programs through local self-governments, and identify specific women's health programs. The National Rural Health Mission aims to upgrade primary health centers to community health centers to provide comprehensive primary healthcare according to Indian Public Health Standards. Primary healthcare services outlined include outpatient care, emergency services, maternity/child welfare, reproductive health services, nutrition programs, school health, and adolescent health.
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Organization and administration of health services in India
UNIT III:
Organization and administration of health services in India.
National health policy
Health Care Delivery system in India.
Health team concept
Centre, State, district, urban health services, rural health services
System of medicines
Centrally sponsored health schemes
Role of voluntary health organizations and international health agencies
Role of health personnel in the community
Public health legislation.
Important questions:
Different level of health services in india (Centre, State, district, urban health services, rural health services)
Health team
System of medicines / AYUSH
Role of health personnel in the community
National health policy
voluntary health organizations – WHO, UNICEF, Red cross
Public health legislation.
National health policy:
Definition:
Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society”
National health policy 1983:
National health policy in India was not framed and announced in 1983.
The ministry of health and family welfare evolved a National Health Policy in 1983.
The policy focus on the preventive, promotive, public health and rehabilitation aspects of health care.
To attain the objectives “Health for all by 2000 AD”.
KEY ELEMENTS OF NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY 1983:-
Awareness of health problems
Safe drinking water and sanitation
Rural health infrastructure
Health management of information system
Legislative support to health
Combat wide spread of malnutrition
Research in health care
Different system of medicines
Factors interfering with the progress towards health for all:
Insufficient political commitment
Failure to achieve equality
The low status of women.
Slow socio-economic development.
Lack of human resources.
Inadequacy of health promotion activities.
Weak health information system and no baseline data.
Pollution, lack of water supply and sanitation.
Uncontrolled population
Advanced technology
Natural and man-made disasters
National Health Policy 2002:
The national health policy 1983 revised in 2002 with new objectives and strategies in order meet the health problems and demand of peoples
Objectives:
To achieve an acceptable standard of good health
To upgrading health infrastructure
To improve equitable health service
To give priority for prevention and first line curative
To promote rational use of drugs.
To increase use of Traditional Medicine (AYUSH)
National Health Policy 2002 - Policy prescriptions:
Equity
Delivery of national health programmes
Extending public health services
Education of health care professionals
Need for specialists in 'public health' & 'family medicine
Nursing personnel
Urban health
Mental health
Information Education and Communication
Health research
Role of private sector
Health statistics
Women's health
Medical ethics
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The National Health Policy was adopted in 1991 in Nepal with the primary objective of extending primary health care services to the rural population. It had 15 components including preventive, promotive, and curative health services. Some key achievements include establishing new sub-health posts and primary health centers in all districts to improve access to basic services. Community participation in health services increased through over 50,000 female community health volunteers. However, some targets around hospital expansion and developing specialized services were not fully realized. Overall the policy helped reduce child mortality but challenges remain around human resource development, management, and inter-sectoral coordination.
Health care delivary mln
This document provides information about the health care system in India. It discusses:
1. The different levels of health care delivery in India including primary, secondary and tertiary levels. Primary care is provided through subcenters, PHCs and CHCs.
2. The structure and functioning of primary health care centers in India, including staffing patterns at subcenters, PHCs and CHCs. PHCs serve as the first point of contact between rural communities and the health system.
3. Recent modifications to the primary health care system through the establishment of Health and Wellness Centers to deliver comprehensive primary care, upgrading some subcenters and PHCs.
4. The organization of urban primary health care and family
Final lecture on health care system in pakistan
The document summarizes Pakistan's healthcare system. It consists of both private and public sectors, with the private sector serving 70% of the population. Healthcare is organized into three levels - primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary care is the first level and focuses on preventive services through facilities like basic health units and rural health centers. Secondary care is provided at district hospitals and focuses on referral services and specialist care. Tertiary care in specialized hospitals handles referrals from primary and secondary levels. The document also outlines the key principles of primary healthcare as defined by the Alma Ata Declaration of 1978.
Primary health care in India
This document discusses the history and principles of primary health care. It began in 1978 with a conference that defined primary health care as health care that is accessible to all individuals through their participation and affordable for the community. The key aspects of primary health care are preventative services like immunizations, maternal/child care, and treatment of common diseases. It also emphasizes equitable access, community participation, coordination between sectors, and appropriate technology.
National health mission
The document summarizes the National Health Mission in India, which includes the National Rural Health Mission and the National Urban Health Mission. The key goals of the NRHM are to reduce infant and maternal mortality rates and ensure universal access to public health services. It aims to achieve these goals through strategies like strengthening primary health centers and deploying Accredited Social Health Activists. The NUHM was launched in 2013 to improve health outcomes for urban poor populations, with a focus on slum residents and other vulnerable groups.
National health mission
The National Health Mission aims to improve health outcomes in rural and urban India through various programs and initiatives. It encompasses the National Rural Health Mission and the National Urban Health Mission. The NRHM focuses on improving access to primary healthcare in rural areas by strengthening infrastructure like subcenters and PHCs and promoting community health through Accredited Social Health Activists. The NUHM similarly focuses on improving access for urban poor populations, particularly in slums, through urban primary health centers and community health workers. Both missions aim to reduce infant and maternal mortality and improve health indicators.
Primary health care in india
This presentation deals with Primary Health Care in India. It describes in detail concept & characteristics of PHC. It focuses on structure, service delivery & challanges in front of Primary Health Care in India.
Primary health centre organization and functions
The document discusses the organization and functions of primary health centers (PHCs) in India. It provides background on the concept and development of PHCs in India since 1946. It outlines the minimum requirements and standards for PHCs, including infrastructure, staffing, services provided, and quality assurance measures. The key functions and services of a PHC include providing primary care services, maternal and child health services, family planning services, management of communicable diseases, and acting as a referral center. The document emphasizes the importance of PHCs in providing comprehensive and accessible primary healthcare to rural populations.
Dr. G Nandhini
The document discusses the human right to health and how the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in India aims to uphold this right. It outlines key human rights relating to health like access to healthcare, safe drinking water, and education. NRHM's goals are reducing infant and maternal mortality and improving access to health services. The program strengthens primary healthcare, integrates health programs, and empowers local communities to manage their own health needs. It also outlines expected health outcomes and strategies NRHM uses like training health workers and improving infrastructure.
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National Leprosy Eradication Programme
1) The document discusses India's National Leprosy Eradication Programme, including its history, strategies, infrastructure, and treatment protocols.
2) Key statistics provided include that India accounts for 60.9% of global leprosy cases, with a prevalence rate of 5.0 per 10,000 people.
3) The program's objectives are to eliminate leprosy through early case detection, short-term multidrug therapy, health education, and rehabilitation. Treatment involves multidrug regimens administered monthly or daily depending on the type of leprosy.
Office management , book keeping and accounting
This document discusses office management, bookkeeping, and accounting for local government organizations. It provides an overview of key concepts like the role of an office, functions of supervisors, bookkeeping terms and principles of double-entry bookkeeping. Specific accounts that should be maintained are discussed like personal accounts, real accounts, and nominal accounts. The document also notes the differences between commercial and local body accounting and registers that should be maintained by municipalities.
Information Education Communication
The document discusses communication, education, and information techniques used in public health. It notes that health education is an important tool for disease prevention and promoting health. Providing information alone is not enough to change behaviors - the information must be tailored to people's education levels and cultures. Both information and education are needed to bring about behavioral changes. A variety of communication techniques can be used including group discussions, lectures, media campaigns, and printed materials. Good listening skills and an awareness of potential barriers are also important for effective communication.
National AIDS & STD control programme of India
The document discusses India's National AIDS Control Programme and strategies to control the spread of HIV/AIDS in India. It notes that the Director General of Health Services formed an AIDS cell in 1985 to coordinate HIV/AIDS activities. The national strategy includes establishing surveillance centers, identifying and screening high-risk groups, issuing guidelines for managing cases and blood safety, and conducting IEC activities and research. As of the document's writing, there were 62 surveillance centers and 29 blood testing centers. The highest numbers of HIV infections are seen in Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and among injectable drug users in Manipur.
Role & responsibilities of sanitary Inspectors
1. The document outlines the various responsibilities and roles of a health worker, including maintaining maps of villages, conducting household surveys, keeping daily diaries and records, reporting mortality and morbidity, maintaining health cards and checklists, and conducting community surveys.
2. Key responsibilities include investigating infectious diseases and taking preventive measures, inspecting places of death, inquiring about unregistered births and deaths, inspecting nursing homes and dispensaries, and supervising food destruction and sanitation.
3. Additional duties involve inspecting food establishments, ensuring trade licenses are in order, attending to complaints, inspecting public venues, and performing other tasks assigned by superiors.
Revised National TB control Progrramme
This document provides an overview of tuberculosis (TB) and the Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) in India. It discusses:
1. What TB is, how it spreads, and its global and national burden. In India, it accounts for 1.4 crore cases and 4.23 lakh deaths annually.
2. The objectives and components of the RNTCP, launched in 1992, which uses the WHO-recommended DOTS strategy of Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course to achieve cure rates above 90%.
3. The structure of the RNTCP at central, state, district, and sub-district levels to facilitate DOTS implementation across India by 2006.
MATERNAL HEALTH CARE
This document discusses maternal health care for paramedics. It covers topics like obstetrics, management of pregnancy and labor under normal and abnormal circumstances, social obstetrics, social pediatrics, maternal and child health services, the need for specialized primary health services for mothers and children, national programs, targets populations, assessing needs, identifying high-risk pregnancies, normal pregnancy and possible complications by trimester, the role of trained birth attendants, and warning signs during pregnancy and labor.
New born care.
This document provides guidance on newborn care, under-five clinics, and reducing infant mortality. It discusses important newborn procedures like cord cutting and eye cleaning. It emphasizes exclusive breastfeeding, immunizations, and monitoring infant growth. Major causes of infant death are prematurity, infections, and lack of care during/after delivery. Establishing under-five clinics and improving access to health services, nutrition, sanitation and education can help reduce India's high infant mortality rate.
International organisations of Public Health importance
This document summarizes several international agencies important for public health and their roles. It discusses the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), International Red Cross, World Bank, Rockefeller Foundation, Ford Foundation, and CARE. It outlines when each was established, their headquarters, regional structures, and functions focused on areas like child health, nutrition, disease control, and providing aid and loans for various national health programs in India.
Role & Responsibilities of Health Worker
1. The document outlines the various responsibilities and roles of a health worker, including maintaining maps of villages, conducting household surveys, keeping daily diaries and records, reporting mortality and morbidity, maintaining health cards and checklists, and conducting community surveys.
2. Key responsibilities include investigating infectious diseases and taking preventive measures, inspecting places of death, inquiring about unregistered births and deaths, inspecting nursing homes and dispensaries, and supervising food destruction and sanitation.
3. Additional duties involve inspecting food establishments, ensuring trade licenses are in order, attending to complaints, inspecting public venues, and performing other tasks assigned by superiors.
Municipal acts related to public health for paramedics.
The document summarizes various municipal acts pertaining to public health in India. It outlines the statutory and delegated powers given to public health officials to carry out objectives like maintaining vital statistics, preventing communicable diseases, providing medical relief, and promoting food and environmental sanitation. It discusses provisions across several acts that address registration of births and deaths, communicable disease notification and control, medical relief services, food safety, vector control, nuisance removal, and regulation of places like cemeteries, cinemas and nursing homes. The document also briefly mentions other relevant acts around domestic violence, Hindu marriages, and right to information.
Information Education & communication
The document discusses communication, education, and information strategies for health workers. It makes three key points:
1. Effective communication requires understanding factors like prejudices, attitudes, and life experiences that influence relationships. It also requires clear messaging with a sender, receiver, and message.
2. There are various communication techniques for health workers, including public meetings, group discussions, demonstrations, and various media. Good listening skills and addressing barriers are also important.
3. Providing health information alone is not enough; it must be converted to simple ideas tailored to the community's education level and culture through education and ensuring it meets their "felt needs" to effectively create behavior change.
Demography and fp
This document discusses demography and family welfare for paramedics. It defines demography as the scientific study of human populations, including changes in size, composition, and distribution. It outlines the stages of the demographic cycle and factors that influence population growth such as fertility, mortality, migration, and marriage. The document also discusses population pyramids, hazards of overpopulation, India's population trends, its national population policy, the scope of family welfare, and classifications of contraceptive methods.
Health information & Basic statistics forparamedicals
This document discusses statistics and health information. It provides an overview of statistics, including its definition, functions, methods of data collection, presentation and analysis. It discusses topics like measures of central tendency, variability, sampling, types of data, and principles of data presentation through tables, graphs and other methods. The goal is to provide basic statistical concepts and skills for community health workers and paramedics.
Overview of thalassemia 2
- Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by mutations in hemoglobin genes. It results in decreased or absent globin chains and abnormal hemoglobins.
- There are two main types - alpha and beta thalassemia. Beta thalassemia major requires lifelong blood transfusions and causes iron overload.
- India has a high burden of thalassemia with over 10,000 children born with thalassemia major each year. Carrier rates vary regionally from 1-15% in different parts of India.
- Management involves blood transfusions to prevent complications from anemia. Iron chelation therapy is also required to manage iron overload from frequent transfusions. Bone marrow
Smart city project.
1. The document provides an overview of health basics for smart cities presented by Dr. P.P. Singh. It discusses key topics like the five basic elements of living, communicable vs. non-communicable diseases, and the factors that influence health.
2. Environmental health is defined as controlling factors that can negatively impact physical development, health, and survival. Public health aims to prevent disease through community participation and controlling infections, sanitation, health services, and legislation.
3. Creating smart cities requires considering aspects like affordable and accessible healthcare, reducing inequalities, and focusing on prevention and well-being. Public health programs must adopt a holistic approach involving epidemiological surveillance, sanitation barriers, and
General epidemiology.
This document provides an overview of general epidemiology concepts for communicable diseases. It defines epidemiology and describes the epidemiological triad of agent, host, and environment. It discusses the natural history of diseases and models like the iceberg phenomenon. It also outlines methods of disease transmission, prevention and control strategies like vaccination, and immunity types. Overall, the document serves as an introductory guide to epidemiological principles for para-medical professionals.
Mumps for paramedicals
1. Mumps is an acute infectious viral disease that causes swelling of the parotid salivary glands and can affect other organs. It is caused by the mumps virus and spreads through direct contact or droplets.
2. The disease usually affects children between 5-15 years of age and presents as pain and swelling of one or both parotid glands. Complications can include orchitis, pancreatitis, meningitis and deafness.
3. Prevention is through vaccination with the live attenuated mumps vaccine, which provides protection in 95% of individuals with a single dose. Para-medical workers can help control outbreaks through identification, notification, health education and promoting immunization.
Ventilation
Ventilation is the process of supplying fresh air and removing stale air from an indoor space to maintain comfortable and healthy atmospheric conditions. There are natural and artificial methods of ventilation. Natural ventilation uses inlet and outlet openings to allow airflow, while artificial ventilation uses mechanical fans and systems like exhaust, plenum, combined, and air conditioning. Proper ventilation is important for removing toxins, odors, heat, and moisture from indoor spaces and supplying sufficient oxygen.
Overview on water
This document discusses water and health from an environmental perspective. It begins by defining key terms like health, environment, and ecology. It then describes various waterborne diseases and how they are transmitted, with a focus on cryptosporidiosis. The document outlines the Bradley classification system for water-related diseases and discusses different water sources, treatment methods, and quality standards. It emphasizes the importance of sanitation and access to safe drinking water for public health.
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Build Trust and Security:
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Help children identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others.
Enhance Listening Skills:
Develop children’s ability to listen attentively and respond appropriately.
Foster Positive Relationships:
Strengthen the bond between children and caregivers, peers, and other adults.
Support Learning and Development:
Aid cognitive and language development through engaging and meaningful conversations.
Teach Social Skills:
Encourage polite, respectful, and empathetic interactions with others.
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Provide tools and guidance for children to handle disagreements constructively.
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Reinforce Positive Behavior:
Acknowledge and encourage positive actions and behaviors.
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National Population Policy 2002
- 1. ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT DELHI “NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY 2002 “ DR.P.P.SINGH By Dr. P.P.SINGH Faculty AIILSGD Ex Medical Superintendent Cum Consultant pathologist HRH Delhi Ex. Director India Population Project 8 Delhi..
- 2. NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY 2002 Expenditure to be increased 6% -by 2010. Public health programme through local self govt. Identification specific programme for women health ( RCH) Women Empowerment. Continue Medical Education Assure uninterested supply of vaccine under UIP. Increase role of Private sector in Public Health. Improve Quality. Family Planning with emphasis on unmet need
- 3. NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH MISSION (NRHM) As per Indian Public Health Standard ( IPHS) 30 beds at CHC PHC for 20,000 – 30,000 population be up grade to CHC ( community Health Centre ) Objective ;- To provide comprehensive Primary health care. To maintain STD of Quality care. To make services more responsive. Preventive, promotive curative and rehabilitative PH care.
- 4. COMPONANTS OF PH CARE A. Medical Care OPD 24 hr Emergency Referral Services / transport. Indoor 6 beds at PHC. B. Maternity & child welfare C. Medical termination services as per MTP act 1971.( using Manual Vacuum aspiration technique D. Management of RTI/STI ( health education & treatment.) E. Nutritional Services Diagnosis and advice for Malnutrition Diagnosis of Anemia , Vitamin A Coordination with ICDS F. School Health scheme G. Adoloscent Health
- 5. OTHER services Promotion of safe drinking water Prevention & Control of Local Disease Disease surveillance & Control of Epidemics Collection of Vital data's & reporting. Education about health / Behavior change Communication ( BCC) National Health programme. OTHER services Referral service Training Basic Laboratory facilities. Monitoring & Supervision AYUSH services as per local people preferences. Selected surgical procedures.