how to select a healthy donor & care of donor .A healthy donor is one of the most vital part of transfusion medicine for safe transfusion of blood & blood product

1. Blood donor selection & donor care
Dr.mizanur Rahman chowdhury
Sprcialist
Transfusion Medicine
United Hospital Ltd.

2. Why You Should Donate Blood?
There is no substitute for Blood.
Every 3 seconds someone needs a blood
transfusion!
Your donation will help save the life of up to 3
people!
Blood is the most precious gift that anyone can
give to another person — The Gift of Life.

3. One out of every four of us will need blood in
our life time.
Only 5% of the eligible population donates
blood in any given year around the world.
Someone has to give blood in
order for someone to receive
blood.

4. Did You Know?
More than a million maternal death occurs due to
haemorrhage and half of which could have been
prevented by blood transfusion.
Severe Road traffic accidents kill 1.2 million people and
injure or disable about 30 million more a year and 90%
of which may have been saved by blood transfusion.
Every year approximately 85.6 million people need
single or multiple blood transfusions for life saving
treatment.
Worldwide over 88 million units of blood are collected
annually. But not enough for the 7 billion world population,
which requires 150 million units annually.

5. Situation in Bangladesh
About 500,000 units of blood required
annually, but three quarter of which are met from-
Voluntary donation – 25%
Friends and relatives – 45-50%
Professional paid donors – 25-30%

6. A 70 kg person has 5 liters of blood in his/her
body (70 ml/kg).
A person can donate blood every 90 days (3
months).
Body recovers the Blood very quickly:
Blood plasma volume– within 24 - 48 hours
Red Blood Cells – in about 3 weeks
Platelets & White Blood Cells – within minutes

7. Donor Selection Criteria
Donor
selection
determines
the eligibility
of a donor
to donate
blood.

8. Types of blood donors
Voluntary Donors –Donate Blood on their own
Replacement Donors : from within the patient’s
own family or community
Autologous Blood Donor -Are patients who
donate their own blood for self
Apheresis Donor- Donate blood components
through the process of cell separation

9. Professional Donors
Professional Donors -means a person who
donates blood for a valuable consideration, in
casher kind, for any source, on behalf of the
recipient patient includes a paid donor or a
commercial donor………….
A bad donor………….

10. Good vs Bad
Voluntary Non Remunerated Blood Donors
are the low risk donors for
Safe blood
Sustainable blood Supply
Replacement Donors-not a preferred system
Risks of professional Donors.
Risk of hidden information

11. Our Primary Concern -
Safety of Blood Donor & Blood Recipient
(patient) because “Safe Blood” gives life,
“Unsafe blood” gives infections
To ensure “Blood Safety”
Strict “Donor Screening”
“Testing” of collected blood to WHO specified
standards
Strict “cross-matching” of blood samples to ensure
safe transfusion to patient

12. Policies and Guidelines
RRSCC
Donor Recruitment
Donor Retention
Donor Selection
Blood Collection
Donor Counseling

13. Donor Recruitment Program
An adequate supply of low risk donors requires
A donor recruitment program
A dedicated recruitment section with trained
staff like Lab Technologist ,Lab specialist ,lab scientist
or MLSO

14. Basic Transfusion Chain
Collection
Processing
Screening
Testing
Transfusion
Blood Donors

15. Blood safety
The first & the most important step, in ensuring
that blood and its products for transfusion do not
have any pathogenic virus/bacteria, is the PROPER
SELECTION of BLOOD DONORS.
Donor selection should be done carefully.
The donor should be in good health to avoid any
bad effect to the donor or to the recipient

16. Pre Donation Information
Documents to give information to donors
General advice
Pre- and post- donation
Information about giving blood
Deferral information
Self- deferral on the basis of medical condition
Self- deferral on the basis of risk behavior

17. Registration, consent of the donor & demographic
information.
Medical history
Physical examination.
Laboratory tests

18. Donor selection
Donor selection criteria are essential
Based on accepted regional/ international
practice
Protect the donor
Ensures that it is safe for the donor to donate
Protect the recipient
Ensures that any risk of transfusion- transmitted
infection or other adverse effect is minimized

19. Demographic information
So that the donor can be informed of any
laboratory test abnormality or can be called
for future donation.
Donor’s name
Father’s/Husband’s name
Date of birth/Age
Gender : Male/Female
Residential & Office address with phone
numbers.

20. Procedure for
Voluntary Blood Donation
Pre-Donation:
Donor Screening
Donor Eligibility criteria
Deferral Criteria (Donor Consent Form)
Medical examination
Blood Donation:
Blood donation procedure
Post donation
Rest, advice & refreshment
Donor Certificate, Donor ID card

21. Donor Screening
Safe Donor selection involves –
Identification of low risk populations
Donor education and recruitment
Encouraging self deferral based on “Deferral
Criteria”
Medical Examination before donation
Voluntary Non-remunerated Repeat
Donor (VNRD) is safest

22. Who can donate?
Age: 18 - 60 years
Weight: > 45 kgs
Hemoglobin level: >12 gms/dl
Body temperature not more than 37◦C
Pulse regular, rate between 60-100/min
BP between 90-160 systolic and 60-100
diastolic
Not taking medicines for HT, DM, IHD

23. Medical Interview
Are you at present in good health?
When did you eat last?
Are you taking any medicine?
Have you been vaccinated recently?
Have you ever suffered a convulsion or
mental disorder?
Have you ever had jaundice?
Have you lost significant weight loss in last six
months ?

26. Medical interview-Collection of information on health and
behavior for Critical assessment of donors regarding fitness
What to ask and why
Maintain confidentiality
Good relationship comes from trust
Personal interviews should not be overheard
Maintain right of each donor to privacy
Medical examination
Haemoglobin testing
Weight

27. Should not
have cough, influenza or sore throat, common cold
at the time of blood donation
have taken any antibiotics or any other
medications (Allopathic or Ayurveda or Sidha or
Homeo) in the past 48 hours
have taken alcoholic beverages in the past 24
hours
be pregnant or breast feeding or donate during her
menstrual cycles
have donated blood in past 3 months

28. have been treated for rabies in the past one year
be treated for Malaria in the past three months
have had any immunizations in the last one
month
have had any dental treatment
have taken Aspirin in the past 72 hours
have diabetes, heart disease or high BP, cancer,
blood clotting problem or blood disease
have TB, bronchial asthma or allergic disorder,
liver disease, kidney disease, fits or fainting

29. Donor should be in good health
Age -18 - 60 years
Haemoglobin - not less than 12.5 g/dL
Pulse - between 50 and 100/minute with no
irregularities
Blood Pressure -Systolic 100-180 mm Hg and Diastolic
50 -100 mm Hg
Temperature - Normal
Body weight - ≥ 45 kgs. ( for 350 ml.)
≥ 60 kgs. ( for 450 ml. )
Both male and female can donate blood
Skin at the venipuncture site should be free from any
lesion or scar of needle. Any pricks may indicate drug

30. Temporarily Defer the donor if history of
Major surgery – six months
Minor surgery – three months
Donated blood – 3 months.
Tooth extraction/manipulation–3 days
Received blood or blood component transfusion –
1yr
Aspirin – defer if taken within last 3 days for
component preparation /plateletpheresis.

31. Temporarily
History of malaria for three months after treatment
and cessation of symptoms .
Tuberculosis for five years after complete treatment
and cessation of symptoms.

32. Permanently Defer Donors
with history of
Heart disease : Coronary disease, Rheumatic
heart disease,
Cardiac medication, cardiac surgery
Hypertension
Endocrine :diabetes, hyperthyroidism
Malignancy
High risk group donors for HIV infection

33. Permanently
Chronic renal failure
Chronic liver disease
Stomach ulcer
Bleeding tendencies
Severe allergic disorder, Asthma
Medications : anticoagulants, , immuno-suppressives,
cardiac medications.

34.  Acceptable criteria
Donor should meet all the acceptable criteria
for routine whole blood donation however :
 Age of the donor-18 to 50 years.
 Weight of the donor-> than 55-60kg.
 The pre-procedure platelet count should be
more than 150,000 per cubic mm

35. SHORT PERIOD
• Donor should not have taken aspirin or any
other platelet inhibitor in last 72 hours.
• The donor should not be fasting prior to the
procedure,
• Donor should have a prominent and easily
accessible central anticubital vein in at least
one of the arm.

36. SHORT PERIOD
The minimum time gap between two blood
donations should be 12 weeks/3 months
Whole blood donation must be deferred for at least
72 hours after plateletpheresis
In case of re-infusion failure, donor should not
donate whole blood for 12 weeks

37. Donor care
Donor care – before, during and after donation
Donating blood should be a pleasant experience
The venue must be a safe place for the donor
The venue must be comfortable & clean.
Adequately Address Adverse reactions
Facilities to deal with any reactions during or after
donation

38. Pre-Donation care

39. DONOR CARE-BEFORE DONATION
Everyone involved in interviewing & counselling
should develop a friendly & tactful approach that
encourages donors to be honest & accurate in their
answers to questions about their medical history.
The health check should always be handled
professionally so that the donors feel they are in
good hands
Be sensitive to the donors feelings of fear &
embarrassment
No chatting with other staff & ignoring the donor

40. DONOR CARE-DURING DONATION

41. DONOR CARE-DURING DONATION
Staff must be trained in interpersonal skills and
should always be smart & clean in appearance with
high standard of personal hygiene
Staff should have pleasant manners & be capable
of conversing freely with donors at the time of
donation.
An act of carelessness or lack of professionalism
by staff during or after donation can be detrimental
to the donors coming back again to donate blood

42. Observe the donor for 8-10 minutes on the
donor chair to prevent adverse reactions.
Observe for another 10 minutes in the refreshment
area whilst Donor has refreshment .
Inspect the venepuncture site before the donor
leaves the donor room

43. Thank u very much
Ask the donor to write his comments/suggestions in
the donor refreshment register
Thanks donors WITH APPRECIATION so that
they are motivated and encouraged to become
repeat regular voluntary blood donor.

45. Post donation instruction to the
donor before leaving blood bank
Drink more fluid in next 24 hours.
Do not smoke for1/2 hour after donation.
Continue with daily routine work but avoid strenuous
exercise e.g. Weight lifting for 24 hours.
Do not drive for at least half an hour.
Volume lost due to blood donation is replenished by 48
hours. Can safely donate again after three months.
Report to blood bank in case of any adverse reaction.
Document adverse reaction if any on the donor card and
donor register.

47. Donor Satisfaction
Congenial atmosphere
Courteous and trained staff
Care and Comfort
Confidentiality
Counseling
Constant feed back
Continuous efforts

49. Health Benefits of Blood
Donation
The Joy of Saving Human Lives!
Reduce the risk of Heart Diseases!
Reduces the risk of Cancer!
Free Health Check Up!

54. Deferral