This document discusses statistics and health information. It provides an overview of statistics, including its definition, functions, methods of data collection, presentation and analysis. It discusses topics like measures of central tendency, variability, sampling, types of data, and principles of data presentation through tables, graphs and other methods. The goal is to provide basic statistical concepts and skills for community health workers and paramedics.

1. ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF LOCAL SELF
GOVERNMENT
DELHI
“Health Information & Basic Statistics”
For Para medicals
By
Dr. P.P.SINGH
Faculty AIILSGD
Ex Medical Superintendent Cum Consultant pathologist HRH
Delhi
Ex. Director India Population Project 8 Delhi..
DR.P.P.SINGH

2. HEALTH INFORMATION & BASIC STATISTICS
FOR SI
Statistics ---- STATUS (Italian word –STASTISTA) means
– Political State.
Used by KINGS & MONARCHs for collecting data on
citizenry . State Wealth
.Taxes collected
. Population & so on
Statistics used – as plural noun -- masses of figures.
-- as singular noun – science of statistics.
“ CROXTON & COWDEN “ defined as
--collection
--Presentation
-- Analysis
-- Interpretation of numerical data.
2

3. 1.COLLECTION OF DATA.
2.PRESENTATION OF DATA.
3.ANALYSIS OF DATA.
4.INTERPRETATION OF DATA
3

4. TYPE OF DATA
A. PRIMARY DATA --- SELF COLLECTED.
B. SECONDARY DATA – FROM RECORD,
JOURNAL ETC
4

5. PRESENTATION OF DATA.
. NUMBERS.
. TABLES.
. GRAPHS.
. MAPS
. PYRAMID
5

6. ANALYSIS OF DATA.
-- TENDENCY
--DISPERSION
--CORRELATION COEFFICIENT.
INTERPRETATION
-- NUMBERS ARE TRANSFORMED TO
THE STATEMENT
6

7. CHIEF FUNCTIONS OF STATISTIC
1. IT PRESENT THE FACTS IN DEFINITE FORM.
2. IT SIMPLIFIES THE COMPLEXITY IN DATA.
3. IT FACILITATE COMPARISONS.
4.IT ENABLES THE STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP.
5.IT ENABLES US TO DRAW VALID
CONCLUSION FROM DATA.
6.IT HELPS IN FORECASTING.
7.IT HELPS IN FORMULATING POLICIES
7

8. METHODS OF COLLECTION OF DATA.
1, SAMPLING.
2, BY COUNTING THE WHOLE POPULATION
METHOD OF INQUIRY USED.
1) QUESTIONNAIRE.
2)TELEPHONIC INFORMATION.
3)POSTAL INQUIRY.
4) INTERVIEW.
5) FIRST HAND REPORT.
8

9. NECESSITY OF SAMPLING
1. MOST POSSIBLE METHOD OF COLLECTION OF
DATA.
2. COST INVOLVED IS LOW AND FEWER PERSON
ARE REQUIRED.
3. RESULTS ARE AVAILABLE FAST.
4.RELIABILITY INCREASES AS SIZE OF STUDY.
5.FOR CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION OR
IN FOOD HYGIENE SAMPLING IS THE ONLY
METHOD OF KNOWING QUALITY.
SAMPLING IS NOT USEFUL WHERE MEDICO-LEGAL
INFORMATION IS NECESSARY OR SOURCE OF
EPIDEMIC IS TO BE STUDIED.
9

10. Types of Sampling methods
a) Universal or Population – Total person animal or objects.
b) Sample --- Portion of population
c) Representative sample means it tallies with the universe in all
respect except the numbers
TYPE OF SAMPLING:-
1) RANDOM
2)SYSTEMATIC -- IN A DEFINITE SEQUENCE
3) STRATIFIED -- FROM DIFFERENT STRATA OF SOCIETY
4. MULTI STAGE – SAMPLE FROM DIFFERENT
AREA(STATE, DISTT, TALUKAS , VILLAGE )
5) MULTI PHASIC – SAMPLE OUT OF SAMPLE FOR
INVESTIGATION
6) CLUSTER
7) MATCHED
10

11. 1.MEASUREMENT DATA (QUANTITATIVE
DATA)– THE DATA ARE OBTAINED BY
MEASUREMENT WHICH MAY FRACTIONAL
… E.G. BLOOD SUGAR, BODY WEIGHT AGE
,HEIGHT ETC.
2. ENUMERATIVE DATA (QUALITATIVE DATA
) – THE DATA ARE QUALITATIVE AND
REPRESENT A PARTICULAR ATTRIBUTED
CHARACTER E.G. CURED AND NOT CURED
, NUMBER OF MALE / FEMALE STUDENTS
IN THE CLASS
11

12. PRESENTATION OF DATA IS BY
FOLLOWING TYPES
1) BY TABULAR METHOD
2) BY GRAPHIC METHOD
3) PRESENTATION BY MEASURE OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY(AVERAGE)
4) BY MEASURE OF VARIABILITY
12

13. PRINCIPLES OF PRESENTATION
1. ARRANGEMENT OF DATA IN SUCH A
WAY THAT READER WILL TAKE
INTEREST.
2. MAKING DATA SUFFICIENTLY SHORT
WITHOUT LOSING ITS IMPORTANCE.
3.SOME QUICK IMPRESSIONS ARE
POSIBLE.
4. TO FACILITATE FURTHER STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS.
13

14. 1.TABULAR
2.GRAPHS
3.BAR DIAGRAM.– SIMPLE, MULTIPLE &
COMPONENT BAR.
4PIE DIAGRAM.
5.SCATTER DIAGRAM.
6.COLOUR MAP.
7.HISTOGRAM.
8.PYRAMID
9.PICTORIAL
10.FREQUENCY POLYGON
14

15. MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
A. MEAN
B. MEDIAN.
C. MODE
THE VARIABILITY
A. BIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY.
B. RANDOM VARIABILITY
C. SAMPLING ERROR
MEASURE OF VARIABILITY
A. RANGE
B. STANDARD DEVIATION
C. COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION
15

16. STANDARD DEVIATION
1. FINDING OUT MEAN
2.FINDING OUT DEVIATION FROM MEAN
3.SQUARE THE DEVIATION
4.SUM THE SQUARE
5. DIVIDE WITH TOTAL NUMBERS -
1.(VARIANCE)
6.SQUARE ROOT OF VARIANCE
SD = √∑ (X-X)2
N-1 16

17. S D
COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION = --------- X
100
MEAN
17

18. 18
Approach;-
G - Greet
A – ask for consent.
T – Tell the purpose.
H – Help & Health Education .
E – Ensure about confidentiality
R – Revisit to give thank

19. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Category
1
Category
2
Category
3
Category
4
Series 1
Series 2
Series 3
19

20. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Category
1
Category
2
Category
3
Category
4
Series 1
Series 2
Series 3
20

21. Sales
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
21

22. 22

23. 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0 1 2 3
Y-Values
Y-Values
23

24. Sales
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
24

25. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Series 2
Series 1
25

26. 26
1. Total Population
2. Male : Female Ratio.
3. Infant
4. Fully immunized Infant.
5. Occupation wise distribution.
6. Literacy Rate. Or % of children going to School.
7. Number of Eligible Couples.
8. Number of protected couples
9. Range of age.
10.Present the data in BAR, Graph & Histogram.
11. Community Need.