The document discusses key issues surrounding Reconstruction after the Civil War, including how to reunite the South with the Union and integrate freed slaves into society. It compares the Reconstruction plans of Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, with Lincoln favoring a moderate approach and Johnson opposing full legal rights for freedmen. Congress passed laws establishing military rule in the South and the Freedmen's Bureau to assist freed slaves. The amendments outlawing slavery and guaranteeing citizenship and voting rights passed. However, Reconstruction faced challenges like sharecropping, violence from groups like the Ku Klux Klan, and Black Codes restricting freedmen's rights, leading to mixed success in achieving full equality.

1. Rebuilding the Nation

2. Key Questions:
• How do should the South be brought back to the
Union?
• How will the South be rebuilt after its destruction
during the war?
• How will all the newly freed slaves be integrated
into American society?
• Which branch of government should control the
process of Reconstruction?

3. Presidential Plans for
Reconstruction:
Lincoln vs. Johnson

4. Abraham Lincoln’s Plan
• Once a Southern State
– Had 10% of voters took oath of
allegiance to the Union
– Ratified the 13th amendment
• It could rejoin the Union and
send representatives to
Congress

5. Andrew Johnson’s Plan
• From Tennessee, a border state
and Vice President to Lincoln
• Sympathetic to poor southern
whites.
• Pardoned many rebel leaders.
• Recognized newly formed state
governments in the South.
• Did not support full legal rights for
freedmen
• Believed the President to run
Reconstruction

6. Congress’ Plan for Reconstruction:
The Radical Republicans
• Reconstruction Act 1867
– Established military rule over
Confederate States and
Divides the Confederate
States into 5 military districts
• Rad. Republicans wanted strict
requirements and punishment
for the South

7. Bringing Freedmen into
American society.

8. Freedman’s Bureau 1865
• Established by Congress.
• Helped freedmen with
food, clothing, and
medicine.
• Searched for lost family
members, made marriages
legal, and dealt with civil
rights issues.
• Opened schools for children
and adults
• Registered freedmen for
voting

9. Civil War Amendments: Free Citizens Vote
• 13th Amendment:
• 14th Amendment:
• 15th Amendment:

10. The Aftermath of Reconstruction:
Did it work?

11. The New Republican South
• Carpetbaggers Northerners who went to Southern
states to be apart of the new state governments
• More than 700,000 new freedmen voters
• Hiram Rhodes Revels elected Senator from
Mississippi along with 2,ooo other blacks elected
to public office
• Republican leaders elected throughout the South
– Established schools, hospitals, roads, and
railroads. Banned racial discrimination

12. Sharecropping: ECONOMIC SLAVERY
• Done to keep plantation farming alive
without slavery
• Plantation owner would provide the land,
tools, and materials to a freedman to work.
• The freedman would give a share of his
crop to the plantation owner as payment
• It developed into a new form of oppression
of the freedman Many sharecroppers were
also poor white farmers.

14. The Ku Klux Klan
• Ku Klux Klan- formed
by ex-Confederate
soldiers.
• Secret, terrorist
designed to create
fear on African
Americans
• Bombing, lynching,
murder, arson, rape,
etc…

15. The Black Codes
• Laws passed by Southern States. Based on
older slave laws.
• To preserve traditional southern society
despite the abolition of slavery.
• Examples:
– Illegal for freedmen to hold public office.
– Illegal to travel freely, to serve on a juries.
– Freedmen without jobs can be fined or
jailed.
– Voting Tax and Literacy test before able to
vote.

16. Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
• Congress already wanted
him gone for some time
• Congress passed the
Tenure of Office Act which
barred Johnson from firing
is Cabinet
• Johnson fired his Sect. of
War and Congress
impeached him
• He survived the dismissal
vote by one!

17. The “New South”
• A modern, industrial South has been born!
• Moved away from plantation culture since
slave labor no longer existed.
• Northerners came to the South to help
rebuild, put in new rail lines and develop
new industries including cotton and steel
mills.
• Urban Industrialization begins