The document discusses the economic, physical, and social challenges facing both the North and South after the Civil War. The North struggled with unemployment as soldiers returned home while the South's economy and infrastructure were devastated by the war. Former slaves faced uncertainty without jobs or means to provide for themselves. Early reconstruction plans aimed to restore southern states on the condition of loyalty to the Union. However, the Black Codes restricted rights of African Americans, leading Congress to take control through amendments guaranteeing rights and protections for freed slaves.
Lecture on reconstruction and-the-black-experience-(part 2 black codes) 2016Elhem Chniti
This is the second and last lecture on the reconstruction period. It focuses on white resistance to black freedom, and on the nativist organizations and their tactics such as the kkk, and the Alabama White League.
Lecture on reconstruction and-the-black-experience-(part 2 black codes) 2016Elhem Chniti
This is the second and last lecture on the reconstruction period. It focuses on white resistance to black freedom, and on the nativist organizations and their tactics such as the kkk, and the Alabama White League.
Found at http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CCwQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmrkash.com%2Factivities%2Freconstruction.ppt&ei=lennUtiyAvDKsQTxw4DoBw&usg=AFQjCNHtTnziU5H-r6FUHLjQxTcEKCo4Tw&bvm=bv.60157871,d.cWc
First and second lectures for second year ISLN students in American history. The lectures focus on the economic political and social divide of the American nation in 1860-1865
Found at http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CCwQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmrkash.com%2Factivities%2Freconstruction.ppt&ei=lennUtiyAvDKsQTxw4DoBw&usg=AFQjCNHtTnziU5H-r6FUHLjQxTcEKCo4Tw&bvm=bv.60157871,d.cWc
First and second lectures for second year ISLN students in American history. The lectures focus on the economic political and social divide of the American nation in 1860-1865
CHAPTER 8 RECONSTRUCTION, Opening and Closing , 1865-1900Cont.docxchristinemaritza
CHAPTER 8: RECONSTRUCTION, Opening and Closing , 1865-1900
Contents
Introduction and Pre-Reading Questions: 1
Documents: 5
Document 1, Harper’s Weekly comments on the Freedman’s Bureau, 1868 (Harper's Weekly, 1868) 5
Document 2, Former slaves reflect on their happiness with freedom and the Thirteenth Amendment (Library of Congress, 1936-1938) 7
Document 3, Mississippi Black Codes, 1865 (America Past and Present Online, 1865) 13
Document 4, Reflections on the Lincoln Assassination (The New York Times, 1865) 15
Document 5, President Andrew Johnson orders the return of Field Order 15 land (Engine of Souls Forum, 1865) 18
Document 6, The 14th and 15th Amendments (The Charters of Freedom, 1866 (r. 1868); 1869 (r. 1870)) 19
Document 7, The Arkansas Gazette on Black Male Suffrage, 1890 (Perman, 2001) 20
Document 8, 1868 Ku Klux Klan Charter (albany.edu, 1868) 21
Post-Reading Exercises: 22
Works Cited 22
Introduction and Pre-Reading Questions: As you know, the North won the Civil War in 1865 under the presidential leadership of Abraham Lincoln. Well, Lincoln had his work cut out for him as president during this war, and, in particular, he had his work cut out for him in terms of figuring out what to do with the South once the war was over. It became clear by 1864, well before the Confederacy surrendered, that the Union was going to win the war. Looking back, it seems that perhaps Lincoln shouldn’t have let the war go on so much longer, since it was obvious—really to both sides—who the eventual victor would be. Indeed, some have argued that Lincoln should have negotiated with the South to try and end the war sooner. But Lincoln would have argued that he could never have negotiated with the South—he insisted that since the Confederacy was a rebellious bunch, since they had no legal right to exist, he couldn’t negotiate with them.
So Lincoln instead had to focus on what to do with the South once the war really did end. Lincoln did know one thing for sure—he knew he couldn’t just readmit the South and pretend that nothing had happened. Too much blood had been shed for that and he also didn’t want anyone to think that when they didn’t like a governmental policy, they could just secede from the Union with no consequences. This much was clear to Lincoln early on, but aside from this, he wasn’t too sure on how to proceed with the reunification or the reconstruction of the nation.
By the time the war did finally end in 1865, the South was in tatters, with homes and buildings destroyed, railroads and bridges completely gone, fields untended. The Emancipation Proclamation had stripped many Southerners of their slaves and many acutely felt new economic burdens, particularly because so many fathers and sons had been killed in the war. For these white Southerners, they hoped that the period of Reconstruction—the period of reunifying the nation—would consist of the federal government stepping out of southern affairs and they hoped to see African ...
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
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The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
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2. Northern Postwar Problems
Economic problems in the
North:
800,000 Union soldiers
were returning to the
north where there were
no jobs
There was no longer a
need for so many
factories, so there were a
lot of layoffs
4. Southern Postwar Problems
Financially the South
was destroyed
Confederate money
was worthless
The plantation
economy which had
depended mostly on
slavery was now
ended
5. Physically the South was
Destroyed
In some areas all homes, barns
and bridges were destroyed.
Mostof the south’s railroads
were totally destroyed
6. Problems That Would Arise From
The Ruins
About 4 million former
slaves were now free
(“Freedmen”) but had
little opportunity for jobs
or any hope of providing
for their families.
Hundreds of thousands
of veterans were also
created by the war.
7. Early Steps Toward Reconstruction
Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan (1863)
Under this plan, a southern state could
form a new government after 10% of its
voters swore an oath of loyalty to the
United States.
8. The Freedmen’s Bureau
Government agency formed to help former
slaves
Gave food and clothing to former slaves
Helped them find jobs
Helped poor whites as well
Provided health care for more than 1
million people
9. The Freedmen’s Bureau’s Most
Important Tasks
Being involved in teaching former slaves
and their children to read
The agency laid the foundation for the
South’s public school system
It also created colleges for African
Americans
10. Johnson’s Plan
A majority of voters from each
southern state had to pledge loyalty
to the United States
Each state also had to ratify the
Thirteenth Amendment (1865) which
had banned slavery throughout the
nation
11. The South’s Black Codes
African Americans couldn’t vote,
own guns or serve on juries
They could marry legally and own
some kinds of property
12. Congress Takes Action
Members of Congress known as Radical
Republicans vowed to take control of
Reconstruction
Two main goals:
They wanted to break the power of wealthy
planters who had long ruled the South
They wanted to ensure that freedmen
received the right to vote
13. Republicans Start To Take Control
They passed the Civil
Rights Act (1866)
however, fearing the
Supreme Court would
declare it
unconstitutional, they
proposed the 14th
Amendment
14. 14th Amendment
Defined citizens as “all persons born
or naturalized in the United States”
Guaranteed citizens “equal protection
of the laws”
Forbade states to “deprive any person
of life, liberty or property without due
process of law”
15. Radical Reconstruction
Under the Reconstruction Act (1867)
Congress threw out any state’s government
that did not ratify the 14th Amendment
To rejoin the Union, states had to write new
constitutions and ratify the 14th Amendment
16. Johnson Is Almost Impeached
Republicans decided to remove Johnson
from office after he tried to limit what
they could do with Reconstruction
They decided to impeach him, or bring
formal charges against him.
17. Grant Is Nominated for
President
Republicans nominate
Ulysses S. Grant for
President.
Southern
governments allowed
African American men
to vote, and as a
result Grant easily
won the election.
18. The Fifteenth Amendment
Proposed in 1869
Forbade any state to deny any citizen
the right to vote because of “race,
color, or previous condition of
servitude”
19. Three Groups Step In As Leaders
In The South
First were the scalawags:
Seen as traitors by some
They were white businesspeople who had
opposed secession in 1860
They wanted to forget the war and just rebuild the
South.
20. Second, were the carpetbaggers:
Northernerswho came to the south
after the war hoping to get rich from
the South’s misery
Third, were African Americans
They became sheriffs, mayors, and
legislators in the new government
21. The Rise of Vigilante Groups
These groups were radical in their
way of thinking
The KKK (Ku Klux Klan) frightened,
threatened, and killed African
Americans that were not obedient.
22. A Cycle of Poverty
Sharecropping
Freedmen and poor whites who went to
work on large plantations
They rented and farmed a plot of land
Planters provided seed, fertilizer, and tools
in return for a share of the crop at harvest
time
23. Life after Reconstruction
Southerners passed poll taxes- requiring voters
to pay a fee each time they voted.
They imposed literacy tests that required voters
to read and explain a section of the Constitution.
Segregation became the law in the South
Law that would separate whites and blacks
24. Plessy v. Ferguson
The Supreme Court ruled that
segregation was legal as long as
facilities for blacks and whites were
equal.
25. The Gettysburg Address
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought
forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in
Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men
are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing
whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and
so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great
battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a
portion of that field, as a final resting place for those
who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It
is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.