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The document provides information about key eras in American history from exploration through the ratification of the Constitution. It includes timelines, maps, and descriptions of events and principles of government. The document is a review for a standardized test on American history.

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American History STAAR Review: Exploration to Constitution
Eras of US History Timeline Put the following era of US history in order on the timeline above. Age of JacksonExploration Reconstruction ColonizationCivil War Westward Expansion/ Reform/ Sectionalism ConstitutionEarly Republic Revolution/ Declaration of Independence
Eras of US History Timeline Age of JacksonExploration Reconstruction ColonizationCivil War Westward Expansion/ Reform/ Sectionalism ConstitutionEarly Republic Revolution/ Declaration of Independence
Exploration • Age of Exploration: Time period in which Europeans explored in search for Gold, Glory, and God • Northwest Passage: An West to East trade route to India Reasons for Exploration Explanation Gold European countries raced to expand European trade to increase wealth Glory European countries were competing for recognition and power among European countries God Desire for religious freedom and missionary work in the New World
Colonization • Age of Colonization: Mass amounts of people from a specific country migrating to a new place to settle colonies with their own economies and societies • 4 basic reasons for colonization: Political, Economic, Religious, Social • Push: Create colonies to support mercantilism • Pull: Desire own land, natural resources for profitEconomic • Push: King made everyone practice same religion • Pull: Escape religious persecution, freedom of religionReligious • Push: Rid society of excessive population • Pull: Start a new life, climb social ladderSocial • Push: Extend King’s power and domain • Pull: Self-government, more political freedomPolitical
13 Colonies Map • Label the 13 Colonies and color regions as followed • New England – Red • Middle – Green • Southern - Orange Colony Bank Delaware New York Massachusetts New Hampshire Connecticut North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Maryland New Jersey Rhode Island Virginia Maryland
13 Colonies Map • New England Colonies • Connecticut • New Hampshire • Massachusetts • Rhode Island New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut
13 Colonies Map • Middle Colonies • New York • New Jersey • Pennsylvania • Delaware New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware
13 Colonies Map • Southern Colonies • Virginia • Maryland • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia
New England Colonies The geography of a colony effects the products it makes (economy) Geography • Rocky, thin soil • Winters: long and cold • Lots of Forest • On a Coastline Economy • Lumbering • Fishing • Shipbuilding • Trade • Subsistence Farming: only farming enough for your own family
Middle Colonies The geography of a colony effects the products it makes (economy) Geography • Flat, open land, fertile soil • Coastline • Lots of iron ore • Mild climate, allowed for long growing season Economy • Made their living by farming wheat, barley, oats, rye • “Breadbasket Colonies” • Craftsmen & Manufacturing • Harbors for fishing and trade • New York & Philadelphia - large trading centers
Southern Colonies The geography of a colony effects the products it makes (economy) Geography • Lots of rich, fertile soil • Areas of swampy coastlines • Climate: Mild with short winters and long springs and summers Economy • Swampy coasts allowed for tobacco and rice to be grown • Plantations: large scale farms that need vast amount of labor and grew cash crops for large profits • Relied on slave trade to get more slaves to work on plantations
Jamestown and Plymouth Colony Importance Who settled and year Government Jamestown Frist permanent English colony Virginia Company, 1607 Virginia House of Burgesses – 1st Rep. Gov. in colonies Plymouth First colony founded for religious freedom Pilgrims, 1620 Mayflower Compact – Social contract creating self- government
Impact of Slavery Map Analysis Questions: 1. Which section of the colonies had the most slavery? 2. Why did this section of the colonies feel that slavery was so important? Southern Colonies Plantation systems used free slave labor to make more money off growing cash crops
Triangular Trade and the Middle Passage Triangular Trade and the Middle Passage Map Analysis Questions: 1. Explain Triangular Trade using the map. 2. Circle the Middle Passage Process by which slaves, goods, and natural resources were traded between W. Africa, W. Indies, and 13 Colonies
French and Indian War The French and Indian War was a war between ________and ____________. They both wanted control over the profitable _________________fur trade. The ________ would win the war, and the war would be ended by the _____________1763 France Great Britain Ohio River Valley British Treaty of Paris Effects of the French and Indian War British Problem Giant War debt that needs to be repaid Problems with Native Americans West of the Appalachians British Solution British impose high taxes on colonists to help pay debt Proclamation of 1763: forbade colonists from going past the Appalachians Colonists Reaction Colonists angry about paying higher taxes and no representation Colonists angry they cannot go into land they helped fight for
Causes of the American Revolution Fill out the timeline below using the descriptions of the events. First tax on sugar and molasses 1. _______ Tax on paper goods 2. _______ Tax on tea 3. _______ •Civil disobedience •Dumped tea into harbor 4. _______ Punishment for Boston Tea Party 5. _______ Creates colonial militias 6. _______ Word Bank 1st Continental Congress Stamp Act Intolerable Acts Sugar Act Boston Tea Party Tea Act Townshend Acts Quartering Act Sugar Act Stamp Act Tea Act Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts 1st Cont. Congress
Causes of the American Revolution Complete the cloze reading: _________________is the theory that a nations wealth is dependent on the amount of _____________in its treasury. Therefore, England colonized North America to use it for its _______________________ to increase its exports to make a ________________. Because ____________________ did not want the colonists trading their natural resources with other countries, they created the _____________. These laws ________colonists from trading with any other nation expect the mother country, Great Britain. Word Bank Navigation Acts Mercantilism Great Britain Gold Natural Resources Profit Forbid Mercantilism Gold Natural Resources Profit Great Britain Navigation Acts Forbid
Causes of the American Revolution American colonists began to split into 2 differing views, patriots and loyalists. Patriots wanted revolution with Great Britain and complete separation; where as Loyalists wanted to stay loyal to the king. Use the diagram below to answer the questions: 1. What is the image trying to tell its viewers? 1. Would this image have been drawn by a patriot or a loyalists? Why? 13 colonies must unite together to stay alive Patriot, because they wanted to colonies to unite to fight for independence from Britain
The American Revolution Match and sequence the following events into the table on the right. 1775: Fought because British were trying to take arms colonists were storing 1777: Turning point, because of this victory, French joined colonists Winter 1778-1779: Washington and troops endure a grueling, freezing winter here 1781: Cornwallis (British commander) surrenders to Washington 1783: Ended the Revolutionary War, extended borders from Atlantic to Mississippi River Lexington/Co ncord Saratoga Valley Forge Yorktown Treaty of Paris, 1783
Declaration of Independence Where and when was the Declaration of Independence written? Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? What are the three parts of the Declaration? Philadelphia during the Second Continental Congress July 4, 1776 Thomas Jefferson • Explained government should protect the rights of its citizens, Great Britain had taken rights away. • Listed grievances (complaints) the colonists had with Great Britain. • Declared the 13 colonies as an independent country
Declaration of Independence Explain in your own words what the quotes from the Declaration of Independence mean. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” “That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” “That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it, and to institute new Government.” “The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object their establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these states.” “We therefore…solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States.”
Declaration of Independence Match the events from the bank to the grievance stated in the Declaration of Independence “For quartering of large bodies of troops among us” “For cutting off trade with all parts of the world” “He has … Government here… declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us” “For imposing taxes on us without our consent” Event Bank Quartering Act Stamp Act Lexington/Concord Intolerable Acts Sugar Act Navigation Acts Townshend Acts Declaratory Act
Unalienable Rights Unalienable Rights Rights, or freedoms, given to us at birth that cannot be taken away by government. Give examples of unalienable rights in the boxes below.
Articles of Confederation The ________________________________met to revise the Articles of Confederation. However, they ended up throwing out the Articles of Confederation and totally re-writing a new plan of government, the ____________________. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Strengths of the Articles of Confederation National government could not… • Collect taxes • Have a federal court system • Could barely handle Shay’s Rebellion 1. Ordinance of 1785: allowed for orderly expansion of the U.S. through new added states 2. Northwest Ordinance: Created the Northwest Territory Constitutional Convention of 1787 Constitution
Constitutional Convention The Virginia Plan • Proportional Representation – Representation in 2 houses would be based on population The New Jersey Plan • Equal Representation - Each state would have 1 representative in the legislature The Great Compromise Bicameral Legislature – 2 House • Senate - equal representation (2 Rep each ) • House of Representation – Proportional Representation Analysis Questions: 1. Which plan appealed to the small states? 2. Which plan appealed to the large states? 3. Which size state, small or large, got more of what they wanted with the Compromise? New Jersey Virginia Large states
Constitutional Convention Southern States • Did want slavery to count in the population total so they could have more representatives Northern States • Did not want slavery to count in the population total 3/5 Compromise Each enslaved person would count as 3/5 of a free person Analysis Questions: 1. Why did the Northern and Southern states have differing ideas about how to count slaves in the population total? Because representation in the House of Representatives was based on total population.
Ratification After the Constitutional Convention, the Constitution could not become law until 9 out of 13 states ___________, or approved, it. So the Constitution was sent to the states for approval. ____________were people who supported the Constitution, and _______________ did not. ratified Federalists Anti-Federalists Federalists Supporters of the Constitution • Wanted a strong national government • Wanted to ratify the Constitution Anti-Federalists Did not support the Constitution • Wanted stronger state governments (States’ rights) • Would not ratify without a Bill of Rights
Federalists vs. Anti Federalists “IT HAS been already observed that the federal government ought to possess the power of providing for the support of the national forces; in which proposition was intended to be included the expense of raising troops, of building and equipping fleets, and all other expenses in any wise connected with military arrangements and operations.” “The remaining power for peace and trade might perhaps be safely lodged with Congress under some limitations. Three restrictions appear to me to be essentially necessary to preserve that equality of rights to the states, which it is the object of the state governments to secure to each citizen.” Excerpt from Federalist Paper #30 Alexander Hamilton, published Friday, December 28, 1787 Excerpt from Anti Federalist Paper #11 Alexander Hamilton, published 1787 Does the quote above represent a Federalists or Anti-Federalists View Point?? Does the quote above represent a Federalists or Anti-Federalists View Point??
Principles of Government Popular Sovereignty People hold the final authority in government, and are the source of governments power. People do this by by voting Representative Government - Republicanism People elect their political representatives, and those representatives serve at the will of the people FEDERALISM Dividing and sharing powers between the national and state governments Limited Government Constitution lists the power of the government, tells government what it can and cannot do.
Principles of Government SEPERATION OF POWERS Government is divided up between 3 equal branches, Legislative, Executive, and Judicial, and they all have their own responsibilities CHECKS AND BALANCES Each branch of government holds some control over the other branches, to make sure one branch does not become too powerful Individual Rights Basic liberties and unalienable rights listed in the Bill of Rights (1st 10 Amendments)
Bill of Rights 1. Freedom of speech, religion, assembly, petition, and press 2. Right to bear arms 3. No quartering (housing) of soldiers in private houses 4. No unreasonable searches and seizures 5. Due process of law 6. Right to a fair, speedy, and public trial 7. Right to a trial by jury for civil cases 8. No cruel and unusual punishment 9. Rights of the people are not limited to the Constitution 10 . All powers not given to the National government are reserved to the state
Bill of Rights The First Amendment guarantees 5 different freedoms. One of those being religious freedom. 1. How did life before the Constitution lead Americans to want to add Religious freedom to the Bill of Rights? 1. How does religious freedom impact our way on life in America today? Many people migrated from Europe to the colonies to escape religious persecution. Most American colonies practiced religious tolerance because of their negative experience in Great Britain America has influenced other nation’s around the world through their practice of religious tolerance, and today we get to practice our different religions without fear or persecution
Checks and Balances Executive Branch Legislative Branch Judicial Branch President can veto legislation May reject treaties Judicial Review: Right of the Supreme Court (Judicial Branch) to declare acts of the president and laws the Congress makes unconstitutional.
Amending the Constitution Amendments: _______________to the _________________Changes Constitution Amendment created/changed in the Constitution 2/3 of each house must approve change 3/4 of states must approve the change You must have both! Process for Amending the Constitution
Origins of the Constitution Magna Carta: King was subject to laws like everyone else Limited Government English Bill of Rights: Took away power of the monarch and gave rights to the people Individual Rights Mayflower Compact: First signed government contract in U.S. creating a self- government Popular Sovereignty Historical Document Principle of Government
American History STAAR Review – Part 2
George Washington’s Presidency _______________: act or decision that sets an example for others to follow, like a tradition Precedent Domestic Policy Foreign Policy Legacy • Created the cabinet • Hamilton and the Department of Treasury set up the national bank to stabilize the national economy • Crushed the Whiskey Rebellion to establish the authority of national government • Wanted to stay neutral • Jay’s Treaty with England (removed redcoats) • Pickney’s Treaty with Spain (allowed U.S. to use MI River) • Set many precedents: Mr. President, cabinet, 2 terms, Farewell Address • Farewell address: Warned against permanent alliances and political parties
America’s First Political Parties • In Congress, and across the nation, differences in beliefs existed about the ____________________________on several issues, many ________ • By the mid- 1790s, these differing beliefs took shape into 2 distinct political parties, ____________ and ________________________ Federalists Democratic – Republicans Leader: Alexander Hamilton Favored: • Rule by the wealthy • Strong Federal Gov’t • Emphasis on Manufacturing • Loose interpretation of the Constitution • British alliance • National Bank • Protective Tariffs Leader: Thomas Jefferson Favored: • Rule by the people • Strong State Gov’t • Emphasis on Agriculture • Strict interpretation of the Constitution • French alliance • State Banks • Free trade role of the national government economic Federalists Democratic-Republicans
Federalists or Democratic Republican? “State governments should be given more power. The national government can already do too much!” “Protective Tariffs will help American manufacturing businesses” “I believe the Constitution has implied powers, meaning powers not written directly in the Constitution”
John Adam’s Presidency Domestic Policy Foreign Policy Legacy • Alien and Sedition Act: limited the criticism of the national government • Naturalization Act: Made it harder to become a citizen • VA and KY Resolutions: States’ Right to nullify these laws in their state • XYZ Affair: America’s poor relationship with France led to Adams increasing the national Army and creating a navy • Marbury vs. Madison led to Judicial Review • Used diplomacy to avid war
Judicial Review Adam’s Midnight Appointments Supreme Court Case Marbury vs. Madison Outcome of case: Judicial Review ________________: The right of the Supreme Court to determine if a law is constitutional or not Judicial Review Gibbons vs. Ogden Issue: Dispute over who has the right to operate steamboats between New York and New Jersey Outcome: Supreme Court ruled Federal law is above state law and Congress has the power to regulate commerce among several states McCulloch vs. Maryland Issue: Maryland tried to put a tax on the National Bank to kill it in its states Outcome: Supreme Court ruled the National Bank is CONSTITUTIONAL because it is “necessary and proper”
Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency Domestic Policy Foreign Policy Legacy • Louisiana Purchase from France for $15 million in 1803 • Economic Policy “Laissez Faire” which means let alone (government should leave the economy alone) • Passed Embargo Act, which failed, and later Non-Intercourse Act to deal with impressment from England and France • 2 Terms • Louisiana Purchase Doubled the size of the U.S. • Lewis and Clark Expedition gained knowledge of the Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana Purchase Draw in the Louisiana Territory on to the map below:
Louisiana Purchase Draw in the Louisiana Territory on to the map below:
James Madison’s Presidency Domestic Policy Foreign Policy Legacy • War Hawks in Congress wanted war with Great Britain to gain territory in Canada • After war, built roads and canals to help transport goods in the expanding nation • War of 1812 against Great Britain • Treaty of Ghent • War of 1812 is best known as “Mr. Madison’s War”
War of 1812 Causes • Impressments • Trade Embargos • War Hawks Major Events • Burning of Washington D.C. • Treaty of Ghent (no land exchanged) • Battle of New Orleans (Jackson becomes famous) Effects • War increased manufacturing of supplies which helped boost the U.S. into the Industrial Revolution • Era of Good Feelings
James Monroe’s Presidency Domestic Policy Foreign Policy Legacy • Missouri Compromise: Missouri admitted as slave state and Maine as free, 36’30 line created and no more slavery above that line • Era of Good Feelings: time of growth and expansion • Adams-Onis Treaty: paid Spain $5 million for Florida • Monroe Doctrine: warned Europe to stay out of Western affairs • Monroe Doctrine was a policy of Neutrality
Washington vs. Monroe Venn Diagram Washington’s Farewell Address Monroe’s Monroe Doctrine Directions: Fill in the Venn diagram above. In the differences area, explain the presidents policy. In the similarity area, explain why these two domestic policies are similar. • Speech gave at the end of 2nd term • Warned against political parities and permanent alliances • Set precedent of neutrality and giving a farewell address • Warned European nations not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere • Policy continued throughout U.S. History Both were policies of Neutrality
Andrew Jackson In the _______________, there was no winner because no one won the majority of the electoral college votes. __________________made a deal with Speaker of the House, ______________, saying that if the House of Representatives choose Adams as President, J.Q. Adams would make Henry Clay the _________________. The House of Representatives choose J.Q. Adams as president and Andrew Jackson called this the “________________”. However, voting requirements changed between 1824 and 1828, allowing Jackson to win by a landslide 1828! Election of 1824 John Quincy Adams Henry Clay Secretary of State Corrupt Bargain Voting Requirements Election of 1824 Election of 1828 • White • Male • 21 or older • Own Property • White • Male • 21 or older How did the Election of 1828 expand suffrage? Gave more people, who did not own property, the right to vote.
Andrew Jackson The Democratic Party that we have today first started with Andrew Jackson. Complete the diagram below to see the progression of political parties throughout American history. Federalists: 1790s-1815 Democratic Republicans: 1790s Republicans: 1820s National Republican (Whig) Republicans - 1854 Jacksonian Democrat Democrats – 1830s
Andrew Jackson and the Nullification Crisis The Story: Congress passed a Tariff of 1828 that increased tariffs on goods from Europe. This Protective Tariff protected Northern Industries while making products more expense for Southern planters. Southerners nicknamed this tariff the “Tariff of Abominations”, because they hated it so much. Vice President John C. Calhoun believed in states’ rights, and believed states could limit the power the of National government in their own state. South Carolina passed the Nullification Act which declared the tariff illegal in their state. South Carolina threatened to secede, withdraw, if the tariff was not lifted. Henry Clay created a compromise lowering the tariff but also giving the President more power to use force if a state threatened to secede again. Cause: Effects: Nullification Crisis • Tariff helped the North at the expense of the South • South Carolina tries to nullify the tariff and threatens to secede from the Union • Henry Clay creates a compromise that lowers the tariff but gives the president more power to use force if a state threatens to secede
Andrew Jackson and the Indian Removal Act • Indian Removal Act: Gave the president power to move Native Americans west of the Mississippi River • Jackson began to remove many Native American tribes in the Southeast to Indian Territory in present day Oklahoma Cherokees refused to move and took their case to the Supreme Court Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokees and said they could stay in Georgia However… • President Jackson refused to enforce the Court’s ruling and made the Cherokees move anyways • Trail of Tears: Forced removal of Native Americans to Indian Territory where they lost their homeland and many lost their lives on the way
Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny: The belief in the God given right that America should expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific What do you see in this picture that relates to Manifest Destiny?
Westward Expansion Map Label: 1. Original 13 Colonies 2. Northwest Territory 3. Florida 4. Louisiana Purchase 5. Oregon Country 6. Texas Annexation 7. Mexican Cession 8. Gadsden Purchase Northwest Territory Florida Louisiana Purchase Oregon Territory Texas Annexation Mexican Cession Gadsden Purchase
Westward Expansion Map Oregon Country, 1846 Economic Social Political Fur Trade Bring Christianity to Native Americans Split the territory with Great Britain at the 49th parallel
Westward Expansion Map Texas Annexation, 1845 Economic Social Political Texas could pay off war debt with money from annexation Many Americans lived in Texas Polk won election of 1844 by supporting annexation of Texas
Westward Expansion Map Mexican Cession, 1848 Gadsden Purchase, 1853 Economic Social Political U.S. paid $15 million for Cession and $10 million for Gadsden after Mexican War Gain California and Utah, which led to Gold Rush and Mormon Migration Ended the disputes between Mexico and the U.S.
Westward Expansion Map Economic Social Political Agriculture, shipping, and trade expanded Many groups,49ers, rushed to California, boomtowns California applied for statehood as a free state California Gold Rush, 1849
U.S.-Mexican War Put the following era of US history in order on the timeline above. Mexican American War Texas gains independence from Mexico Manifest Destiny is complete Texas as Republic U.S. Purchases Gadsden Purchase Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, U.S. gain Mexican Cession Mexico is angered by Texas annexation Border dispute leads to fighting Texas annexed to the U.S.
U.S.-Mexican War Mexican-American War Texas gains independence from Mexico Manifest Destiny is complete Texas as a Republic U.S. buys Gadsden Purchase Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, U.S. gains Mexican Cession Mexico is angered by Texas annexation Border disputes leads to fighting Texas is annexed to the U.S.
Industrial Revolution • _______________built the first factory in the U.S. after he memorized the plans and brought them from England • Factory System: a system of bringing manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency • _____________________opened the first textile mill in Massachusetts using the factory system Francis Cabot Lowell Samuel Slater North: Rocky, thin soil, rushing rivers, coal and iron supply, good coasts for ports South: Fertile soil, swampy coasts, long growing season • Soil was rocky and could not farm • Many rushing rivers for power • Close to coal and iron for supplies • Close to many ports for trading How was the geography different in the North and the South? Most of the factories were in the North because….
Industrial Revolution Invention Inventor What did it do? What was its effect? Cotton Gin Eli Whitney Machine that removed the seeds from the cotton fibers Increase the need to slave labor, slave trade, and increased cotton growing in the South
Industrial Revolution Invention Inventor What did it do? What was its effect? Interchangeable Part Eli Whitney Parts that could be put together to create a product Mass production of goods, use of assembly lines, lowered cost of goods
Industrial Revolution Transportation Inventor/ Builder What did it do? What was its effect? Steamboats Robert Fulton, Clermont was the first steamboat to travel from New York to Albany Steam engines used to power boats up river against a current Improved the transportation of goods that was cheaper and faster
Population Growth in Urban Centers What are reasons why population is growing in urban areas and shrinking in rural areas? Towns developed on railroad lines and canal People are moving west Example: Boomtowns in California People move to cities in search of new economic opportunities Women migrating to cities to work in factories www.elderweb.com
Reform Movements Reform Movement What they were reforming? Important Individuals Impact/Significanc e? Abolitionists Movement William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglas, Harriet Tubman - 13th Amendment freed slaves after the Civil War - Paved the way for the Women’s Rights Movement End slavery in the U.S.
Reform Movements Reform Movement What they were reforming? Important Individuals Impact/Significanc e? Women’s Rights Movement Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony - Held first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls in 1848, wrote the Declaration of Sentiments - Women eventually gained the right to vote in 1920 Suffrage (voting) for women
Reform Movements Reform Movement What they were reforming? Important Individual(s) Impact/Significanc e? Temperance Movement Carrie Nation 18th Amendment which banned the production and sale of alcohol (later repealed by the 21st) Campaign against the sale and drinking of alcohol that was linked to alcohol abuse and breaking up families
Reform Movements Reform Movement What they were reforming? Important Individual(s) Impact/Significanc e? Prison Reform and Care of the Disabled Dorthea Dix –went to teach Sunday school in prisons Improvements in prison life through laws Terrible treatment of mentally ill and prisoners in prison
Reform Movements Reform Movement What they were reforming? Important Individual(s) Impact/Significanc e? Public Education Horace Mann Free public education expanded Education was seen as a way to decrease poverty and crime
North vs. South Perspective on Slavery Northern Perspective Southern Perspective •Slavery was a moral issue •Slavery was evil •If slavery was not abolished, it could bring God’s judgment •Slavery was an economic necessity •Slavery was a way of life and part of their society •Wanted to move slavery west The North and the South had differing view on slavery. This was a leading cause of the Civil War.
Causes of the Civil War Right of a state to limit the power of the Federal government Tax on imports that protected Northern industries at the expense of Southern planters John C. Calhoun and S. Carolina threaten to secede if tariff of 1828 and 1832 is not lifted South saw this as an economic necessity, however North saw it as a moral issue Book by H.B. Stowe about the evils of slavery, abolitionists movement grows in the North Kansas and Nebraska would use popular sovereignty to determine slavery in their state Settlers from both sections rushed to Kansas to vote, violence broke out, mini-civil war Abe Lincoln becomes the first Republican President and S. Carolina is first to secede States’ Rights Tariff of 1828 and 1832 Nullification Crisis Slavery Uncle Tom’s Cabin Kansas- Nebraska Act Bleeding Kansas Bleeding Kansas Election of 1860
Compromises Because the North and the South could agree on many issues, ________________ came up with several compromises to help keep the Union together for a short time before the Civil War. Henry Clay Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 1. Missouri would be a slave state 2. Maine would be a free state 3. Creation of 36’30’’ line – no slavery above that line in the Louisiana Territory only 1. California would be a free state 2. Harsher fugitive slave law 3. New Mexico and Utah will use popular sovereignty to determine slavery 1. In the Missouri Compromise, why did Missouri and Maine have to be admitted at the same time? 2. What parts of each compromise would the South agree with, and which parts would the North agree with? So the number of slave and free states would stay equal in Congress South: Missouri slave state and harsher fugitive slave law North: Maine free state and California free state
Dred Scott Decision The Story: ___________moved with his owner from a ________state to a _______ state. When his owner died, Scott sued for his ____________ Dred Scott slave free freedom Supreme Court’s decided… 1. Slaves were not citizens and could not bring lawsuit to court 2. Slaves were property 3. Congress could not ban slavery in territories 4. Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
The Civil War Battles Battle Date What Happened Importance Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 South refused to give up fort, firing broke out but no one was injured First battle of the Civil War Antietam Sept 18, 1862 Confederate loss, bloodiest battle of war Lincoln used victory to issue Emancipation Proclamation Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Confederate loss meant they would never invade Union again Lincoln gave Gettysburg Address after this battle Appomattox Courthouse April 9, 1865 Robert E. Lee (confederate commander) surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant (Union commander) Civil War is over, Union Victory Assassination of Lincoln April 15, 1865 John Wilkes Booth shoots Lincoln in Ford’s theatre Reconstruction will look very differently than what Lincoln wanted
Reconstruction 13th Amendment 14th Amendment 15th Amendment Freed the slaves in the U.S. Gave citizenship to former enslaved people Allowed all male citizens the right to vote Remember the phrase: “Free Citizens Vote” Free: 13th Citizens: 14th Vote: 15th 1. How did these amendments impact the American way of life? 1. What time period later on in history will be effected by these amendments? These 3 amendments expanded the rights of all citizens in the U.S. These amendments lay the foundation for the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s

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Social studiesstaar review_comprehensive_website

  • 1.
    American History STAAR Review:Exploration to Constitution
  • 2.
    Eras of USHistory Timeline Put the following era of US history in order on the timeline above. Age of JacksonExploration Reconstruction ColonizationCivil War Westward Expansion/ Reform/ Sectionalism ConstitutionEarly Republic Revolution/ Declaration of Independence
  • 3.
    Eras of USHistory Timeline Age of JacksonExploration Reconstruction ColonizationCivil War Westward Expansion/ Reform/ Sectionalism ConstitutionEarly Republic Revolution/ Declaration of Independence
  • 4.
    Exploration • Age ofExploration: Time period in which Europeans explored in search for Gold, Glory, and God • Northwest Passage: An West to East trade route to India Reasons for Exploration Explanation Gold European countries raced to expand European trade to increase wealth Glory European countries were competing for recognition and power among European countries God Desire for religious freedom and missionary work in the New World
  • 5.
    Colonization • Age ofColonization: Mass amounts of people from a specific country migrating to a new place to settle colonies with their own economies and societies • 4 basic reasons for colonization: Political, Economic, Religious, Social • Push: Create colonies to support mercantilism • Pull: Desire own land, natural resources for profitEconomic • Push: King made everyone practice same religion • Pull: Escape religious persecution, freedom of religionReligious • Push: Rid society of excessive population • Pull: Start a new life, climb social ladderSocial • Push: Extend King’s power and domain • Pull: Self-government, more political freedomPolitical
  • 6.
    13 Colonies Map •Label the 13 Colonies and color regions as followed • New England – Red • Middle – Green • Southern - Orange Colony Bank Delaware New York Massachusetts New Hampshire Connecticut North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Maryland New Jersey Rhode Island Virginia Maryland
  • 7.
    13 Colonies Map •New England Colonies • Connecticut • New Hampshire • Massachusetts • Rhode Island New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut
  • 8.
    13 Colonies Map •Middle Colonies • New York • New Jersey • Pennsylvania • Delaware New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware
  • 9.
    13 Colonies Map •Southern Colonies • Virginia • Maryland • North Carolina • South Carolina • Georgia Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia
  • 10.
    New England Colonies Thegeography of a colony effects the products it makes (economy) Geography • Rocky, thin soil • Winters: long and cold • Lots of Forest • On a Coastline Economy • Lumbering • Fishing • Shipbuilding • Trade • Subsistence Farming: only farming enough for your own family
  • 11.
    Middle Colonies The geographyof a colony effects the products it makes (economy) Geography • Flat, open land, fertile soil • Coastline • Lots of iron ore • Mild climate, allowed for long growing season Economy • Made their living by farming wheat, barley, oats, rye • “Breadbasket Colonies” • Craftsmen & Manufacturing • Harbors for fishing and trade • New York & Philadelphia - large trading centers
  • 12.
    Southern Colonies The geographyof a colony effects the products it makes (economy) Geography • Lots of rich, fertile soil • Areas of swampy coastlines • Climate: Mild with short winters and long springs and summers Economy • Swampy coasts allowed for tobacco and rice to be grown • Plantations: large scale farms that need vast amount of labor and grew cash crops for large profits • Relied on slave trade to get more slaves to work on plantations
  • 13.
    Jamestown and Plymouth ColonyImportance Who settled and year Government Jamestown Frist permanent English colony Virginia Company, 1607 Virginia House of Burgesses – 1st Rep. Gov. in colonies Plymouth First colony founded for religious freedom Pilgrims, 1620 Mayflower Compact – Social contract creating self- government
  • 14.
    Impact of Slavery MapAnalysis Questions: 1. Which section of the colonies had the most slavery? 2. Why did this section of the colonies feel that slavery was so important? Southern Colonies Plantation systems used free slave labor to make more money off growing cash crops
  • 15.
    Triangular Trade andthe Middle Passage Triangular Trade and the Middle Passage Map Analysis Questions: 1. Explain Triangular Trade using the map. 2. Circle the Middle Passage Process by which slaves, goods, and natural resources were traded between W. Africa, W. Indies, and 13 Colonies
  • 16.
    French and IndianWar The French and Indian War was a war between ________and ____________. They both wanted control over the profitable _________________fur trade. The ________ would win the war, and the war would be ended by the _____________1763 France Great Britain Ohio River Valley British Treaty of Paris Effects of the French and Indian War British Problem Giant War debt that needs to be repaid Problems with Native Americans West of the Appalachians British Solution British impose high taxes on colonists to help pay debt Proclamation of 1763: forbade colonists from going past the Appalachians Colonists Reaction Colonists angry about paying higher taxes and no representation Colonists angry they cannot go into land they helped fight for
  • 17.
    Causes of theAmerican Revolution Fill out the timeline below using the descriptions of the events. First tax on sugar and molasses 1. _______ Tax on paper goods 2. _______ Tax on tea 3. _______ •Civil disobedience •Dumped tea into harbor 4. _______ Punishment for Boston Tea Party 5. _______ Creates colonial militias 6. _______ Word Bank 1st Continental Congress Stamp Act Intolerable Acts Sugar Act Boston Tea Party Tea Act Townshend Acts Quartering Act Sugar Act Stamp Act Tea Act Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts 1st Cont. Congress
  • 18.
    Causes of theAmerican Revolution Complete the cloze reading: _________________is the theory that a nations wealth is dependent on the amount of _____________in its treasury. Therefore, England colonized North America to use it for its _______________________ to increase its exports to make a ________________. Because ____________________ did not want the colonists trading their natural resources with other countries, they created the _____________. These laws ________colonists from trading with any other nation expect the mother country, Great Britain. Word Bank Navigation Acts Mercantilism Great Britain Gold Natural Resources Profit Forbid Mercantilism Gold Natural Resources Profit Great Britain Navigation Acts Forbid
  • 19.
    Causes of theAmerican Revolution American colonists began to split into 2 differing views, patriots and loyalists. Patriots wanted revolution with Great Britain and complete separation; where as Loyalists wanted to stay loyal to the king. Use the diagram below to answer the questions: 1. What is the image trying to tell its viewers? 1. Would this image have been drawn by a patriot or a loyalists? Why? 13 colonies must unite together to stay alive Patriot, because they wanted to colonies to unite to fight for independence from Britain
  • 20.
    The American Revolution Matchand sequence the following events into the table on the right. 1775: Fought because British were trying to take arms colonists were storing 1777: Turning point, because of this victory, French joined colonists Winter 1778-1779: Washington and troops endure a grueling, freezing winter here 1781: Cornwallis (British commander) surrenders to Washington 1783: Ended the Revolutionary War, extended borders from Atlantic to Mississippi River Lexington/Co ncord Saratoga Valley Forge Yorktown Treaty of Paris, 1783
  • 21.
    Declaration of Independence Whereand when was the Declaration of Independence written? Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? What are the three parts of the Declaration? Philadelphia during the Second Continental Congress July 4, 1776 Thomas Jefferson • Explained government should protect the rights of its citizens, Great Britain had taken rights away. • Listed grievances (complaints) the colonists had with Great Britain. • Declared the 13 colonies as an independent country
  • 22.
    Declaration of Independence Explainin your own words what the quotes from the Declaration of Independence mean. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” “That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” “That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it, and to institute new Government.” “The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object their establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these states.” “We therefore…solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States.”
  • 23.
    Declaration of Independence Matchthe events from the bank to the grievance stated in the Declaration of Independence “For quartering of large bodies of troops among us” “For cutting off trade with all parts of the world” “He has … Government here… declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us” “For imposing taxes on us without our consent” Event Bank Quartering Act Stamp Act Lexington/Concord Intolerable Acts Sugar Act Navigation Acts Townshend Acts Declaratory Act
  • 24.
    Unalienable Rights Unalienable Rights Rights, orfreedoms, given to us at birth that cannot be taken away by government. Give examples of unalienable rights in the boxes below.
  • 25.
    Articles of Confederation The________________________________met to revise the Articles of Confederation. However, they ended up throwing out the Articles of Confederation and totally re-writing a new plan of government, the ____________________. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Strengths of the Articles of Confederation National government could not… • Collect taxes • Have a federal court system • Could barely handle Shay’s Rebellion 1. Ordinance of 1785: allowed for orderly expansion of the U.S. through new added states 2. Northwest Ordinance: Created the Northwest Territory Constitutional Convention of 1787 Constitution
  • 26.
    Constitutional Convention The VirginiaPlan • Proportional Representation – Representation in 2 houses would be based on population The New Jersey Plan • Equal Representation - Each state would have 1 representative in the legislature The Great Compromise Bicameral Legislature – 2 House • Senate - equal representation (2 Rep each ) • House of Representation – Proportional Representation Analysis Questions: 1. Which plan appealed to the small states? 2. Which plan appealed to the large states? 3. Which size state, small or large, got more of what they wanted with the Compromise? New Jersey Virginia Large states
  • 27.
    Constitutional Convention Southern States •Did want slavery to count in the population total so they could have more representatives Northern States • Did not want slavery to count in the population total 3/5 Compromise Each enslaved person would count as 3/5 of a free person Analysis Questions: 1. Why did the Northern and Southern states have differing ideas about how to count slaves in the population total? Because representation in the House of Representatives was based on total population.
  • 28.
    Ratification After the ConstitutionalConvention, the Constitution could not become law until 9 out of 13 states ___________, or approved, it. So the Constitution was sent to the states for approval. ____________were people who supported the Constitution, and _______________ did not. ratified Federalists Anti-Federalists Federalists Supporters of the Constitution • Wanted a strong national government • Wanted to ratify the Constitution Anti-Federalists Did not support the Constitution • Wanted stronger state governments (States’ rights) • Would not ratify without a Bill of Rights
  • 29.
    Federalists vs. AntiFederalists “IT HAS been already observed that the federal government ought to possess the power of providing for the support of the national forces; in which proposition was intended to be included the expense of raising troops, of building and equipping fleets, and all other expenses in any wise connected with military arrangements and operations.” “The remaining power for peace and trade might perhaps be safely lodged with Congress under some limitations. Three restrictions appear to me to be essentially necessary to preserve that equality of rights to the states, which it is the object of the state governments to secure to each citizen.” Excerpt from Federalist Paper #30 Alexander Hamilton, published Friday, December 28, 1787 Excerpt from Anti Federalist Paper #11 Alexander Hamilton, published 1787 Does the quote above represent a Federalists or Anti-Federalists View Point?? Does the quote above represent a Federalists or Anti-Federalists View Point??
  • 30.
    Principles of Government PopularSovereignty People hold the final authority in government, and are the source of governments power. People do this by by voting Representative Government - Republicanism People elect their political representatives, and those representatives serve at the will of the people FEDERALISM Dividing and sharing powers between the national and state governments Limited Government Constitution lists the power of the government, tells government what it can and cannot do.
  • 31.
    Principles of Government SEPERATIONOF POWERS Government is divided up between 3 equal branches, Legislative, Executive, and Judicial, and they all have their own responsibilities CHECKS AND BALANCES Each branch of government holds some control over the other branches, to make sure one branch does not become too powerful Individual Rights Basic liberties and unalienable rights listed in the Bill of Rights (1st 10 Amendments)
  • 32.
    Bill of Rights 1.Freedom of speech, religion, assembly, petition, and press 2. Right to bear arms 3. No quartering (housing) of soldiers in private houses 4. No unreasonable searches and seizures 5. Due process of law 6. Right to a fair, speedy, and public trial 7. Right to a trial by jury for civil cases 8. No cruel and unusual punishment 9. Rights of the people are not limited to the Constitution 10 . All powers not given to the National government are reserved to the state
  • 33.
    Bill of Rights TheFirst Amendment guarantees 5 different freedoms. One of those being religious freedom. 1. How did life before the Constitution lead Americans to want to add Religious freedom to the Bill of Rights? 1. How does religious freedom impact our way on life in America today? Many people migrated from Europe to the colonies to escape religious persecution. Most American colonies practiced religious tolerance because of their negative experience in Great Britain America has influenced other nation’s around the world through their practice of religious tolerance, and today we get to practice our different religions without fear or persecution
  • 34.
    Checks and Balances ExecutiveBranch Legislative Branch Judicial Branch President can veto legislation May reject treaties Judicial Review: Right of the Supreme Court (Judicial Branch) to declare acts of the president and laws the Congress makes unconstitutional.
  • 35.
    Amending the Constitution Amendments:_______________to the _________________Changes Constitution Amendment created/changed in the Constitution 2/3 of each house must approve change 3/4 of states must approve the change You must have both! Process for Amending the Constitution
  • 36.
    Origins of theConstitution Magna Carta: King was subject to laws like everyone else Limited Government English Bill of Rights: Took away power of the monarch and gave rights to the people Individual Rights Mayflower Compact: First signed government contract in U.S. creating a self- government Popular Sovereignty Historical Document Principle of Government
  • 37.
  • 38.
    George Washington’s Presidency _______________:act or decision that sets an example for others to follow, like a tradition Precedent Domestic Policy Foreign Policy Legacy • Created the cabinet • Hamilton and the Department of Treasury set up the national bank to stabilize the national economy • Crushed the Whiskey Rebellion to establish the authority of national government • Wanted to stay neutral • Jay’s Treaty with England (removed redcoats) • Pickney’s Treaty with Spain (allowed U.S. to use MI River) • Set many precedents: Mr. President, cabinet, 2 terms, Farewell Address • Farewell address: Warned against permanent alliances and political parties
  • 39.
    America’s First PoliticalParties • In Congress, and across the nation, differences in beliefs existed about the ____________________________on several issues, many ________ • By the mid- 1790s, these differing beliefs took shape into 2 distinct political parties, ____________ and ________________________ Federalists Democratic – Republicans Leader: Alexander Hamilton Favored: • Rule by the wealthy • Strong Federal Gov’t • Emphasis on Manufacturing • Loose interpretation of the Constitution • British alliance • National Bank • Protective Tariffs Leader: Thomas Jefferson Favored: • Rule by the people • Strong State Gov’t • Emphasis on Agriculture • Strict interpretation of the Constitution • French alliance • State Banks • Free trade role of the national government economic Federalists Democratic-Republicans
  • 40.
    Federalists or DemocraticRepublican? “State governments should be given more power. The national government can already do too much!” “Protective Tariffs will help American manufacturing businesses” “I believe the Constitution has implied powers, meaning powers not written directly in the Constitution”
  • 41.
    John Adam’s Presidency DomesticPolicy Foreign Policy Legacy • Alien and Sedition Act: limited the criticism of the national government • Naturalization Act: Made it harder to become a citizen • VA and KY Resolutions: States’ Right to nullify these laws in their state • XYZ Affair: America’s poor relationship with France led to Adams increasing the national Army and creating a navy • Marbury vs. Madison led to Judicial Review • Used diplomacy to avid war
  • 42.
    Judicial Review Adam’s Midnight Appointments Supreme Court CaseMarbury vs. Madison Outcome of case: Judicial Review ________________: The right of the Supreme Court to determine if a law is constitutional or not Judicial Review Gibbons vs. Ogden Issue: Dispute over who has the right to operate steamboats between New York and New Jersey Outcome: Supreme Court ruled Federal law is above state law and Congress has the power to regulate commerce among several states McCulloch vs. Maryland Issue: Maryland tried to put a tax on the National Bank to kill it in its states Outcome: Supreme Court ruled the National Bank is CONSTITUTIONAL because it is “necessary and proper”
  • 43.
    Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency DomesticPolicy Foreign Policy Legacy • Louisiana Purchase from France for $15 million in 1803 • Economic Policy “Laissez Faire” which means let alone (government should leave the economy alone) • Passed Embargo Act, which failed, and later Non-Intercourse Act to deal with impressment from England and France • 2 Terms • Louisiana Purchase Doubled the size of the U.S. • Lewis and Clark Expedition gained knowledge of the Louisiana Purchase
  • 44.
    Louisiana Purchase Draw inthe Louisiana Territory on to the map below:
  • 45.
    Louisiana Purchase Draw inthe Louisiana Territory on to the map below:
  • 46.
    James Madison’s Presidency DomesticPolicy Foreign Policy Legacy • War Hawks in Congress wanted war with Great Britain to gain territory in Canada • After war, built roads and canals to help transport goods in the expanding nation • War of 1812 against Great Britain • Treaty of Ghent • War of 1812 is best known as “Mr. Madison’s War”
  • 47.
    War of 1812 Causes •Impressments • Trade Embargos • War Hawks Major Events • Burning of Washington D.C. • Treaty of Ghent (no land exchanged) • Battle of New Orleans (Jackson becomes famous) Effects • War increased manufacturing of supplies which helped boost the U.S. into the Industrial Revolution • Era of Good Feelings
  • 48.
    James Monroe’s Presidency DomesticPolicy Foreign Policy Legacy • Missouri Compromise: Missouri admitted as slave state and Maine as free, 36’30 line created and no more slavery above that line • Era of Good Feelings: time of growth and expansion • Adams-Onis Treaty: paid Spain $5 million for Florida • Monroe Doctrine: warned Europe to stay out of Western affairs • Monroe Doctrine was a policy of Neutrality
  • 49.
    Washington vs. MonroeVenn Diagram Washington’s Farewell Address Monroe’s Monroe Doctrine Directions: Fill in the Venn diagram above. In the differences area, explain the presidents policy. In the similarity area, explain why these two domestic policies are similar. • Speech gave at the end of 2nd term • Warned against political parities and permanent alliances • Set precedent of neutrality and giving a farewell address • Warned European nations not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere • Policy continued throughout U.S. History Both were policies of Neutrality
  • 50.
    Andrew Jackson In the_______________, there was no winner because no one won the majority of the electoral college votes. __________________made a deal with Speaker of the House, ______________, saying that if the House of Representatives choose Adams as President, J.Q. Adams would make Henry Clay the _________________. The House of Representatives choose J.Q. Adams as president and Andrew Jackson called this the “________________”. However, voting requirements changed between 1824 and 1828, allowing Jackson to win by a landslide 1828! Election of 1824 John Quincy Adams Henry Clay Secretary of State Corrupt Bargain Voting Requirements Election of 1824 Election of 1828 • White • Male • 21 or older • Own Property • White • Male • 21 or older How did the Election of 1828 expand suffrage? Gave more people, who did not own property, the right to vote.
  • 51.
    Andrew Jackson The DemocraticParty that we have today first started with Andrew Jackson. Complete the diagram below to see the progression of political parties throughout American history. Federalists: 1790s-1815 Democratic Republicans: 1790s Republicans: 1820s National Republican (Whig) Republicans - 1854 Jacksonian Democrat Democrats – 1830s
  • 52.
    Andrew Jackson andthe Nullification Crisis The Story: Congress passed a Tariff of 1828 that increased tariffs on goods from Europe. This Protective Tariff protected Northern Industries while making products more expense for Southern planters. Southerners nicknamed this tariff the “Tariff of Abominations”, because they hated it so much. Vice President John C. Calhoun believed in states’ rights, and believed states could limit the power the of National government in their own state. South Carolina passed the Nullification Act which declared the tariff illegal in their state. South Carolina threatened to secede, withdraw, if the tariff was not lifted. Henry Clay created a compromise lowering the tariff but also giving the President more power to use force if a state threatened to secede again. Cause: Effects: Nullification Crisis • Tariff helped the North at the expense of the South • South Carolina tries to nullify the tariff and threatens to secede from the Union • Henry Clay creates a compromise that lowers the tariff but gives the president more power to use force if a state threatens to secede
  • 53.
    Andrew Jackson andthe Indian Removal Act • Indian Removal Act: Gave the president power to move Native Americans west of the Mississippi River • Jackson began to remove many Native American tribes in the Southeast to Indian Territory in present day Oklahoma Cherokees refused to move and took their case to the Supreme Court Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokees and said they could stay in Georgia However… • President Jackson refused to enforce the Court’s ruling and made the Cherokees move anyways • Trail of Tears: Forced removal of Native Americans to Indian Territory where they lost their homeland and many lost their lives on the way
  • 54.
    Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny:The belief in the God given right that America should expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific What do you see in this picture that relates to Manifest Destiny?
  • 55.
    Westward Expansion Map Label: 1.Original 13 Colonies 2. Northwest Territory 3. Florida 4. Louisiana Purchase 5. Oregon Country 6. Texas Annexation 7. Mexican Cession 8. Gadsden Purchase Northwest Territory Florida Louisiana Purchase Oregon Territory Texas Annexation Mexican Cession Gadsden Purchase
  • 56.
    Westward Expansion Map Oregon Country, 1846 EconomicSocial Political Fur Trade Bring Christianity to Native Americans Split the territory with Great Britain at the 49th parallel
  • 57.
    Westward Expansion Map Texas Annexation, 1845 EconomicSocial Political Texas could pay off war debt with money from annexation Many Americans lived in Texas Polk won election of 1844 by supporting annexation of Texas
  • 58.
    Westward Expansion Map Mexican Cession, 1848 Gadsden Purchase, 1853 EconomicSocial Political U.S. paid $15 million for Cession and $10 million for Gadsden after Mexican War Gain California and Utah, which led to Gold Rush and Mormon Migration Ended the disputes between Mexico and the U.S.
  • 59.
    Westward Expansion Map EconomicSocial Political Agriculture, shipping, and trade expanded Many groups,49ers, rushed to California, boomtowns California applied for statehood as a free state California Gold Rush, 1849
  • 60.
    U.S.-Mexican War Put thefollowing era of US history in order on the timeline above. Mexican American War Texas gains independence from Mexico Manifest Destiny is complete Texas as Republic U.S. Purchases Gadsden Purchase Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, U.S. gain Mexican Cession Mexico is angered by Texas annexation Border dispute leads to fighting Texas annexed to the U.S.
  • 61.
    U.S.-Mexican War Mexican-American War Texasgains independence from Mexico Manifest Destiny is complete Texas as a Republic U.S. buys Gadsden Purchase Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, U.S. gains Mexican Cession Mexico is angered by Texas annexation Border disputes leads to fighting Texas is annexed to the U.S.
  • 62.
    Industrial Revolution • _______________builtthe first factory in the U.S. after he memorized the plans and brought them from England • Factory System: a system of bringing manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency • _____________________opened the first textile mill in Massachusetts using the factory system Francis Cabot Lowell Samuel Slater North: Rocky, thin soil, rushing rivers, coal and iron supply, good coasts for ports South: Fertile soil, swampy coasts, long growing season • Soil was rocky and could not farm • Many rushing rivers for power • Close to coal and iron for supplies • Close to many ports for trading How was the geography different in the North and the South? Most of the factories were in the North because….
  • 63.
    Industrial Revolution Invention InventorWhat did it do? What was its effect? Cotton Gin Eli Whitney Machine that removed the seeds from the cotton fibers Increase the need to slave labor, slave trade, and increased cotton growing in the South
  • 64.
    Industrial Revolution Invention InventorWhat did it do? What was its effect? Interchangeable Part Eli Whitney Parts that could be put together to create a product Mass production of goods, use of assembly lines, lowered cost of goods
  • 65.
    Industrial Revolution Transportation Inventor/ Builder Whatdid it do? What was its effect? Steamboats Robert Fulton, Clermont was the first steamboat to travel from New York to Albany Steam engines used to power boats up river against a current Improved the transportation of goods that was cheaper and faster
  • 66.
    Population Growth inUrban Centers What are reasons why population is growing in urban areas and shrinking in rural areas? Towns developed on railroad lines and canal People are moving west Example: Boomtowns in California People move to cities in search of new economic opportunities Women migrating to cities to work in factories www.elderweb.com
  • 67.
    Reform Movements Reform MovementWhat they were reforming? Important Individuals Impact/Significanc e? Abolitionists Movement William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglas, Harriet Tubman - 13th Amendment freed slaves after the Civil War - Paved the way for the Women’s Rights Movement End slavery in the U.S.
  • 68.
    Reform Movements Reform MovementWhat they were reforming? Important Individuals Impact/Significanc e? Women’s Rights Movement Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony - Held first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls in 1848, wrote the Declaration of Sentiments - Women eventually gained the right to vote in 1920 Suffrage (voting) for women
  • 69.
    Reform Movements Reform MovementWhat they were reforming? Important Individual(s) Impact/Significanc e? Temperance Movement Carrie Nation 18th Amendment which banned the production and sale of alcohol (later repealed by the 21st) Campaign against the sale and drinking of alcohol that was linked to alcohol abuse and breaking up families
  • 70.
    Reform Movements Reform MovementWhat they were reforming? Important Individual(s) Impact/Significanc e? Prison Reform and Care of the Disabled Dorthea Dix –went to teach Sunday school in prisons Improvements in prison life through laws Terrible treatment of mentally ill and prisoners in prison
  • 71.
    Reform Movements Reform MovementWhat they were reforming? Important Individual(s) Impact/Significanc e? Public Education Horace Mann Free public education expanded Education was seen as a way to decrease poverty and crime
  • 72.
    North vs. SouthPerspective on Slavery Northern Perspective Southern Perspective •Slavery was a moral issue •Slavery was evil •If slavery was not abolished, it could bring God’s judgment •Slavery was an economic necessity •Slavery was a way of life and part of their society •Wanted to move slavery west The North and the South had differing view on slavery. This was a leading cause of the Civil War.
  • 73.
    Causes of theCivil War Right of a state to limit the power of the Federal government Tax on imports that protected Northern industries at the expense of Southern planters John C. Calhoun and S. Carolina threaten to secede if tariff of 1828 and 1832 is not lifted South saw this as an economic necessity, however North saw it as a moral issue Book by H.B. Stowe about the evils of slavery, abolitionists movement grows in the North Kansas and Nebraska would use popular sovereignty to determine slavery in their state Settlers from both sections rushed to Kansas to vote, violence broke out, mini-civil war Abe Lincoln becomes the first Republican President and S. Carolina is first to secede States’ Rights Tariff of 1828 and 1832 Nullification Crisis Slavery Uncle Tom’s Cabin Kansas- Nebraska Act Bleeding Kansas Bleeding Kansas Election of 1860
  • 74.
    Compromises Because the Northand the South could agree on many issues, ________________ came up with several compromises to help keep the Union together for a short time before the Civil War. Henry Clay Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 1. Missouri would be a slave state 2. Maine would be a free state 3. Creation of 36’30’’ line – no slavery above that line in the Louisiana Territory only 1. California would be a free state 2. Harsher fugitive slave law 3. New Mexico and Utah will use popular sovereignty to determine slavery 1. In the Missouri Compromise, why did Missouri and Maine have to be admitted at the same time? 2. What parts of each compromise would the South agree with, and which parts would the North agree with? So the number of slave and free states would stay equal in Congress South: Missouri slave state and harsher fugitive slave law North: Maine free state and California free state
  • 75.
    Dred Scott Decision TheStory: ___________moved with his owner from a ________state to a _______ state. When his owner died, Scott sued for his ____________ Dred Scott slave free freedom Supreme Court’s decided… 1. Slaves were not citizens and could not bring lawsuit to court 2. Slaves were property 3. Congress could not ban slavery in territories 4. Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
  • 76.
    The Civil WarBattles Battle Date What Happened Importance Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 South refused to give up fort, firing broke out but no one was injured First battle of the Civil War Antietam Sept 18, 1862 Confederate loss, bloodiest battle of war Lincoln used victory to issue Emancipation Proclamation Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Confederate loss meant they would never invade Union again Lincoln gave Gettysburg Address after this battle Appomattox Courthouse April 9, 1865 Robert E. Lee (confederate commander) surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant (Union commander) Civil War is over, Union Victory Assassination of Lincoln April 15, 1865 John Wilkes Booth shoots Lincoln in Ford’s theatre Reconstruction will look very differently than what Lincoln wanted
  • 77.
    Reconstruction 13th Amendment 14thAmendment 15th Amendment Freed the slaves in the U.S. Gave citizenship to former enslaved people Allowed all male citizens the right to vote Remember the phrase: “Free Citizens Vote” Free: 13th Citizens: 14th Vote: 15th 1. How did these amendments impact the American way of life? 1. What time period later on in history will be effected by these amendments? These 3 amendments expanded the rights of all citizens in the U.S. These amendments lay the foundation for the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s

Editor's Notes

  • #3 8.1(A): Identify the major eras and events in US history through 1877, including colonization, revolution, drafting the Declaration of Independence, creation and ratification of the Constitution, religious revivals such as the 2nd Great Awakening, early republic, the Age of Jackson, westward expansion, reform movements, sectionalism, Civil War, and Reconstruction, and describe their causes and effects
  • #4 8.1(A): Identify the major eras and events in US history through 1877, including colonization, revolution, drafting the Declaration of Independence, creation and ratification of the Constitution, religious revivals such as the 2nd Great Awakening, early republic, the Age of Jackson, westward expansion, reform movements, sectionalism, Civil War, and Reconstruction, and describe their causes and effects
  • #5 8.2(A): Identify reasons for European exploration and colonization in North America.
  • #6 8.2(A): Identify reasons for European exploration and colonization in North America.
  • #7 8.10(B): Compare places and regions of the United States in terms of physical and human characteristics
  • #8 8.10(B): Compare places and regions of the United States in terms of physical and human characteristics
  • #9 8.10(B): Compare places and regions of the United States in terms of physical and human characteristics
  • #10 8.10(B): Compare places and regions of the United States in terms of physical and human characteristics
  • #11 8.10(C): Analyze the effects of physical and human geographic factors on major historical and contemporary events in the US.
  • #12 8.10(C): Analyze the effects of physical and human geographic factors on major historical and contemporary events in the US.
  • #13 8.10(C): Analyze the effects of physical and human geographic factors on major historical and contemporary events in the US.
  • #14 8.1(C): Explain the significance of the following dates: 1607, founding of Jamestown; 1620, arrival of Pilgrims and signing of the Mayflower Compact (supporting standard)
  • #15 8.7C: Analyze the impact of slavery on different sections of the US
  • #16 8.12(B): Explain reasons for the development of the plantation system, the transatlantic slave trade, and the spread of slavery
  • #17 8.4(A): analyze causes of the American Revolution, including the Proclamation of 1763, the Intolerable Acts, the Stamp Act, mercantilism, lack of representation in Parliament, and British economic policies following the French and Indian War
  • #18 8.4(A): analyze causes of the American Revolution, including the Proclamation of 1763, the Intolerable Acts, the Stamp Act, mercantilism, lack of representation in Parliament, and British economic policies following the French and Indian War
  • #19 8.4(A): analyze causes of the American Revolution, including the Proclamation of 1763, the Intolerable Acts, the Stamp Act, mercantilism, lack of representation in Parliament, and British economic policies following the French and Indian War
  • #20 8.4(A): analyze causes of the American Revolution, including the Proclamation of 1763, the Intolerable Acts, the Stamp Act, mercantilism, lack of representation in Parliament, and British economic policies following the French and Indian War
  • #21 8.4(C): Explain the issues surrounding important events of the American Revolution, including; writing the Articles of Confederation; fighting the battles of Lexington, Concord, Saratoga, and Yorktown; enduring the winter at Valley Forge; and signing the Treaty of Paris 1783
  • #22 8.1(C): explain the significance of the following dates; 1776: adoption of the Declaration of Independence 8.4(B): explain the roles played by significant individuals during the American Revolution, including Thomas Jefferson (Supporting standard)
  • #23 8.15(C): Identify colonial grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence and explain how those grievances were addressed in the US Constitution and Bill of Rights Citation: Jefferson, T. (1776). The Declaration of Independence. Historic American Documents (Lit2Go Edition). Retrieved December 31, 2014, from http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/133/historic-american-documents/4957/the-declaration-of-independence/
  • #24 8.15(C): Identify colonial grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence and explain how those grievances were addressed in the US Constitution and Bill of Rights Citation: Jefferson, T. (1776). The Declaration of Independence. Historic American Documents (Lit2Go Edition). Retrieved December 31, 2014, from http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/133/historic-american-documents/4957/the-declaration-of-independence/
  • #25 8.19(A): Define and give examples of unalienable rights
  • #26 8.15(B) –Summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the AOC - supporting
  • #27 8.4(D): Analyze the issues of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, including the Great Compromise and the 3/5 Compromise.
  • #28 8.4(D): Analyze the issues of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, including the Great Compromise and the 3/5 Compromise.
  • #29 8.4(E) Analyze the Arguments for and against ratification
  • #30 8.4(E) Analyze the Arguments for and against ratification
  • #31 8.15 (D): analyze how the US Constitution reflects the principles of limited government, republicanism, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, and individual rights
  • #32 8.15 (D): analyze how the US Constitution reflects the principles of limited government, republicanism, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, and individual rights
  • #33 8.19(B): Summarize rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights
  • #34 8.25(C): Analyze the impact of the First Amendment guarantees on religious freedom on the American way of life.
  • #35 8.18(A): Identify the origin of judicial Review and analyze examples of congressional and presidential responses
  • #36 8.16 (A): summarize the purposes for and process of amending the US Constitution
  • #37 8.15(A): Identify the influence of ideas from historic documents, including the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, the Mayflower Compact, the Federalists Papers, and selected Anti-Federalists writings, on the U.S. system of government
  • #39 8.5(A): describe the major domestic policies faced by leaders of the new republic such as maintaining national security, building a military, creating a stable economic system, setting up the court system, and defining the authority of the National Government 8.22(A): Analyze the leadership qualities of elected and appointed leaders of the United States, such as George Washington
  • #40 8.5(C) Explain the origin and development of American Political Parties
  • #41 8.5(C) Explain the origin and development of American Political Parties
  • #42 8.5(A): describe the major domestic policies faced by leaders of the new republic such as maintaining national security, building a military, creating a stable economic system, setting up the court system, and defining the authority of the National Government (R)
  • #43 8.18(A): Identify the origin of Judicial Review and analyze examples of congressional and presidential responses 8.18(B): Summarize the issues, decisions, and significance o the landmark Supreme Court cases, including Marbury vs. Madison, McCulloch vs. Maryland, and Gibbons vs. Ogden
  • #44 8.5(A): describe the major domestic policies faced by leaders of the new republic such as maintaining national security, building a military, creating a stable economic system, setting up the court system, and defining the authority of the National Government 8.1(C): Explain the significance of the date: 1803: Louisiana Purchase
  • #45 8.6(E): identify the areas that were acquired to form the United states, including the Louisiana Purchase 8.1(C): Explain the significance of the date: 1803: Louisiana Purchase
  • #46 8.6(E): identify the areas that were acquired to form the United states, including the Louisiana Purchase 8.1(C): Explain the significance of the date: 1803: Louisiana Purchase
  • #47 8.5(A): describe the major domestic policies faced by leaders of the new republic such as maintaining national security, building a military, creating a stable economic system, setting up the court system, and defining the authority of the National Government
  • #48 8.13(A): Analyze the War of 1812 as a cause of economic changes in the nation
  • #49 8.5(A): describe the major domestic policies faced by leaders of the new republic such as maintaining national security, building a military, creating a stable economic system, setting up the court system, and defining the authority of the National Government
  • #50 8.5(E): Identify the foreign policies of President Washington through Monroe, and explain the impact of Washington’s Farewell Address and the Monroe Doctrine
  • #51 8.5(F): Explain the impact of the election of Jackson, including expanding suffrage
  • #52 8.5(C): Explain the Origin and development of American Political Parties
  • #53 8.17(B): Explain Constitutional issues arising over states’ rights, including the Nullification Crisis and the Civil War
  • #54 8.18(A): Identify the origin of Judicial Review and analyze examples of congressional and presidential responses 8.23(C): identify ways conflicts between people from various racial, ethnic, and religious groups were resolved.
  • #55 8.6(B): Explain the political, economic, and social roots of Manifest Destiny 8.6(C): analyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation
  • #56 8.6(B): Explain the political, economic, and social roots of Manifest Destiny 8.6(C): analyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation
  • #57 8.6(B): Explain the political, economic, and social roots of Manifest Destiny 8.6(C): analyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation
  • #58 8.6(B): Explain the political, economic, and social roots of Manifest Destiny 8.6(D): Explain the causes and effects of the U.S.-Mexican War and their impact on the United States 8.6(C): analyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation
  • #59 8.6(B): Explain the political, economic, and social roots of Manifest Destiny 8.6(D): Explain the causes and effects of the U.S.-Mexican War and their impact on the United States 8.6(C): analyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation
  • #60 8.6(B): Explain the political, economic, and social roots of Manifest Destiny 8.6(C): analyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation
  • #61 8.6(D): Explain the causes and effects of the U.S.-Mexican War and their impact on the United States
  • #62 8.6(D): Explain the causes and effects of the U.S.-Mexican War and their impact on the United States
  • #63 8.27(D): Explain how technological innovations brought about economic growth such as how the factory system contributed to rapid industrialization
  • #64 8.27(A): Explain the effects of technological and scientific innovations such as the steamboat, the cotton gin, and interchangeable parts 8.12(B): Explain reasons for the development of the plantation system, the transatlantic slave trade, and the spread of slavery
  • #65 8.27(A): Explain the effects of technological and scientific innovations such as the steamboat, the cotton gin, and interchangeable parts
  • #66 8.27(A): Explain the effects of technological and scientific innovations such as the steamboat, the cotton gin, and interchangeable parts
  • #67 8.13(B): Identify the economic factors that brought about rapid industrialization and urbanization 8.12(C): explain the reasons for the increase in factories and urbanization Source of image: http://www.elderweb.com/book/appendix/1800-1990-changes-urbanrural-us-population
  • #68 8.24(B): Evaluate the impact of reform movements, including educational reform, temperance reform, the women’s rights movement, prison reform, abolitionists, the labor movement, and care of the disabled 8.22(B): Describe the contributions of significant political, social, and military leaders of the U.S., such as Frederick Douglas 8.23(D): Analyze the contribution of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity
  • #69 8.24(B): Evaluate the impact of reform movements, including educational reform, temperance reform, the women’s rights movement, prison reform, abolitionists, the labor movement, and care of the disabled 8.22(B): Describe the contributions of significant political, social, and military leaders of the U.S., such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton 8.23(D): Analyze the contribution of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity
  • #70 8.24(B): Evaluate the impact of reform movements, including educational reform, temperance reform, the women’s rights movement, prison reform, abolitionists, the labor movement, and care of the disabled
  • #71 8.24(B): Evaluate the impact of reform movements, including educational reform, temperance reform, the women’s rights movement, prison reform, abolitionists, the labor movement, and care of the disabled 8.23(D): Analyze the contribution of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity
  • #72 8.24(B): Evaluate the impact of reform movements, including educational reform, temperance reform, the women’s rights movement, prison reform, abolitionists, the labor movement, and care of the disabled
  • #73 8.7C: Analyze the impact on slavery on different sections of the U.S.
  • #74 8.8(B): Analyze the causes of the Civil War, including sectionalism, states’ rights, and slavery 8.17(B): Explain constitutional issues arising over states’ rights including the Nullification Crisis and the Civil War 8.7(A): analyze the impact of tariff policies on sections of the U.S. before the Civil War
  • #75 8.7(D): identify the provisions and compare the effects of congressional conflicts and compromises prior to the Civil War, including the role of Henry Clay
  • #76 8.18(A): evaluate the impact on selected landmark Supreme Court Cases, including Dred Scott v. Sanford, on the life of the U.S.
  • #77 8.8(B): Explain significant events of the Civil War, including the firing on Fort Sumter, the battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg; the announcements of the Emancipation Proclamation, Lee’s surrender at Appomattox court house, and the assassination of Lincoln
  • #78 8.16(B): Describe the impact of the 19th century amendments, including the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments on the life of the U.S.