The document discusses the importance and development of vocabulary as a fundamental tool for effective communication and writing. It outlines the types of vocabulary, including active and passive knowledge, and emphasizes the need to expand one's vocabulary through reading and practice. Additionally, it explains the significance of homonyms, homophones, and homographs in enhancing language skills.

1. RECEPTIVE AND
EXPRESSIVE
COMMUNICATION
SKILLS

2. VOCABULARY

3. What does vocabulary mean ?
• A person's vocabulary is
the set of words within a
language that are
familiar to that person. A
vocabulary usually
develops with age, and
serves as a useful and
fundamental tool for
communication and
acquiring knowledge.
Acquiring an extensive
vocabulary is one of the
largest challenges in
learning a second
language.

4. The Importance of Vocabulary
in Writing :
Every good mechanic has a toolbox full of tools. Some tools are
used more than others, but every one has a specific purpose. In
much the same way, writers have a “toolbox.” This “toolbox” is
constantly growing and is filled with items like grammar,
punctuation, and capitalization rules; figurative language;
rhyme; rhythm; and vocabulary. Just as really good mechanics
can pull out the right tools to make a good engine even more
powerful, good writers can pull out the right tools at the right
time to make good writing even more powerful. One tool that
can “power up” your writing is a strong vocabulary.

5. • An extensive vocabulary aids expression and communication.
• Vocabulary size has been directly linked to reading
comprehension.
• Linguistic vocabulary is synonymous with thinking vocabulary.
• A person may be judged by others based on his or her
vocabulary.
• Wilkins (1972) once said," Without grammar, very little can be
conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed.”
• When you’re faced with a writing assignment, a good
vocabulary is an indispensable (very important or necessary)
tool. If you have several synonyms (words with similar
meanings) in your repertoire (“toolbox”), you’ll be able to
choose the best word for the job. Avoid vague words like
“stuff” or “things” when you write. These words do not give
the reader a good sense of your meaning. Also, use strong
verbs that give the reader good information.

7. Building a vocabulary that is adequate to the needs of one's
reading and self-expression has to be a personal goal
for every writer and speaker.
Three basic steps involved are:
Knowing The Roots
Using every Resource
Taking it personally

8.  Read texts, literature, journals
Try reading all the stuff and note down all the new words that
you encounter with.
 Look up for words
Look for all the words you find difficult and are not aware of.
Also read dictionary as it will help you t be updated with
different terms and their meanings.
 Bring words to use
Start including those new words into you day to day
communication. Practice them.
 Write something
Start writing journals blogs as this will provide confidence and
it will also enhance your word using power.

9. BASICS OF VOCABULARY
• The word vocabulary entered the English lexicon in the 1530s
and is derived from the Latin word ‘vocabularium,’ meaning ‘a
list of words.’ It gained its modern meaning, the sum of all
words known by a person, in the 1700s. Eminent writers such
as William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens are known for
their large vocabularies.
• There are basically 3 tiers of vocabulary which are :
• Tier 1 – Basic vocabulary
• Tier 2 – Multiple meaning vocabulary
• Tier 3 - Context specific vocabulary

10. TYPES OF VOCABULARY
• A person’s knowledge of words is divided into two parts:
active and passive knowledge.
• ACTIVE vocabulary are the sets of words which a person uses
in his/her daily life whereas PASSIVE vocabulary is the one
which he understands but never uses it.
• A read vocabulary is a passive one. This means it is the words
understood by the reader when he or she is reading a piece of
written text. The person is able to recognize the form of the
letters and how they correspond to one another, and how
their sum is understood. This also includes understanding a
word’s spelling, meaning and the exact meaning in its context.
• Listening is another example of passive vocabulary.

11. ACTIVE VOCABULARY
• Writing is the active vocabulary equivalent to reading. With
reading, it forms the core skills needed for someone to be
literate. The writer demonstrates his or her knowledge of a
word in terms of its meaning and how to spell it and use it
correctly.
• Speaking is one of the types of vocabulary that demonstrates
a person’s knowledge of words. It is an active demonstration
that can also rely on other elements such as facial expressions,
intonation, pitch and gestures to help others understand its
meaning. Knowledge of a word is demonstrated by its good
usage and pronunciation.

12. USES OF HOMONYMS
• Homonyms (also called homophones) are words that sound
like one another but have different meanings. Some
homonyms are spelled the same, like bark (the sound a dog
makes) and bark (the outer layer of a tree trunk). Some
homonyms are spelled differently, like one (the number) and
won (having been victorious).
• Studying homonyms in typical phrases in which they are used
will help you to distinguish one homonym from another when
you hear them.
• Some examples of homonyms are:
• BUY – BY, CACHE – CASH, CELL – SELL, BRAKE – BREAK.

13. USES OF HOMOPHONES
• A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same (sounds
the same) as another word but means something else and is
spelled differently.
• Examples : wear, where way, weigh waist, waste.
• Homophones are often used to create puns and to deceive the
reader (as in crossword puzzles) or to suggest multiple
meanings.
• The last usage is common in poetry and creative literature.

14. USES OF HOMOGRAPHS
• The word homograph originated from the Greek word homos
that means “the same” and graph means “to write”, and it is
used extensively in language. It can be defined as words that
are used in such a manner as to give two or more different
meanings where the words have the same spelling, but
different meanings and sometimes different pronunciation as
well.
• Example:
• I have such a fit (tantrum)
• When these words don’t fit (match)!
• Like when all through the spring (season).