This presentation discusses homophones, homonyms, homographs, vocabulary, and idioms. It defines homophones as words that sound the same but have different meanings and spellings. Homonyms are words that have the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings. Homographs are words that are spelled the same but have different pronunciations and meanings. It discusses the relationship between homophones and homonyms. It defines vocabulary and the different types. It discusses the importance of vocabulary and vocabulary drills. Finally, it defines idioms as combinations of words with figurative meanings due to common usage.

1. PRESENTATION
ON
HOMOPHONES,HOMONYMS,HOMOGRAPHS , VOCABULARY
AND IDIOM
MADE BY
NAME:RAJAT VERMA
PROG ; B-TECH (ELECTRICAL AND
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING)
ENROLLMENT NO : A2324612079
BATCH : 2012-2016

2. HOMOPHONES
 DEFINATION :
 A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but
differs in meaning, and may differ in spelling. The words may be spelled the
same, such as”rose” (flower) and ’rose’ (past tense of "rise"), or differently, such
as,’’carat,caret’’and carrot, or to, two, and too.
 Homophones that are spelled the same are also
both homograph and homonyms.Homophones that are spelled differently are
also called hetrograph. The term "homophone" may also apply to units longer or
shorter than words, such as phrases, letters or groups of letters that are
pronounced the same as another phrase, letter or group of letters.
**they were too close to the door to close it **

4. HOMONYMS
 DEFINATION :
 In linguistics, a homonym is, in the strict sense, one of a group of words that
share the same spelling and pronunciation but have different meanings.Thus
homonyms are simultaneously homographs (words that share the same spelling,
regardless of their pronunciation) and homophones(words that share the same
pronunciation, regardless of their spelling).
 The state of being a homonym is called homonymy. Examples of homonyms
are the pair stalk (part of a plant) and stalk(follow/harass a person) and the
pair left (past tense of leave) and left (opposite of right). A distinction is
sometimes made between "true" homonyms, which are unrelated in origin, such
as skate (glide on ice) and skate (the fish), and polysemous homonyms,
or polysemes, which have a shared origin, such as mouth (of a river)
and mouth (of an animal).

5. HOMOGRAPHS
 A homograph is a word that shares the same written form as another word but
has a different meaning. When spoken, the meanings may be distinguished by
different pronunciations, in which case the words are also heteronyms. Words
with the same writing and pronunciation means both homographs
and homophones) are considered homonyms.
 Homograph disambiguation is critically important in speech synthesis, natural
language processing and other fields. Identically-written different senses of what
is judged to be fundamentally the same word are called polysemes.
** wood (substance) and wood (area covered with trees)**

6. RELATION BETWEEN HOMOPHONES AND
HOMONYMS

7. VOCABULARY
Definition and usage
 Vocabulary is commonly defined as "all the words known and used by a
particular person“. Knowing a word, however, is not as simple as simply
being able to recognize or use it. There are several aspects of word
knowledge which are used to measure word knowledge.

8. TYPES OF VOCABULARY
 Reading vocabulary
 Listening vocabulary
 Speaking vocabulary
 Writing vocabulary

9. VOCABULARY DRILLS
 It helps students learn how to approach new words and to
become more comfortable with the language—freeing them
to explore new words and their meanings. Vocabulary study
is contextualized with both narrative and expository
passages. Additional structural analysis skills help students
figure out the meanings of unfamiliar words in their own
reading. Making connections helps students build personal
word power.
 New vocabulary words are connected by synonyms,
antonyms, and analogies to words they may already know
 Latin and Greek roots expand students’ vocabularies
exponentially
 Personal words help students build a useful bank of
interesting words

10. THE IMPORTANCE OF A VOCABULARY
 An extensive vocabulary aids expression and
communication.
 Vocabulary size has been directly linked to reading
comprehension.
 Linguistic vocabulary is synonymous with thinking
vocabulary.
 A person may be judged by others based on his or her
vocabulary.
 Wilkins (1972) once said," Without grammar, very little can
be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed.

11. IDIOM
 An idiom is a combination of words that have a figurative meaningowing to its
common usage. An idiom's figurative meaning is separate from
the literal meaning. There are thousands of idioms and they occur frequently in
all languages. There are estimated to be at least twenty-five thousand idiomatic
expressions in the English language.
Examples
a) She is pulling my leg. - to pull someone's leg means to trick them by telling
them something untrue.
b) When will you drop them a line? - to drop someone a line means to send a
note to or call someone.
c) You should keep an eye out for that. - to keep an eye out for
something means to maintain awareness of it so that you notice it as it occurs.