Competence and Performance
Competence is the idealized conception of language, considered as opposite of performance that is special utterances of spoken language
Deep Structure and Surface Structure
Deep structure is an abstract syntactical representation of a sentence. On the other hand, the surface structure of a sentence is the final stage in the syntactical representation of a sentence
Competence and Performance
Competence is the idealized conception of language, considered as opposite of performance that is special utterances of spoken language
Deep Structure and Surface Structure
Deep structure is an abstract syntactical representation of a sentence. On the other hand, the surface structure of a sentence is the final stage in the syntactical representation of a sentence
Objectives:How do we study SoE, The three-part model of English, Outline structure of English, Basic constituent analysis of a sentence, morphology, Definition of SoE
Grammar (noun): the structure and system of a language, usually consider to consist of syntax and morphology. Or
Grammar is the set of rules which help us to understand language.
Grammar is the structural foundation of our ability to express ourselves. The more we are aware of how it works, the more we can monitor the meaning and effectiveness of the way we and others use language.
Objectives:How do we study SoE, The three-part model of English, Outline structure of English, Basic constituent analysis of a sentence, morphology, Definition of SoE
Grammar (noun): the structure and system of a language, usually consider to consist of syntax and morphology. Or
Grammar is the set of rules which help us to understand language.
Grammar is the structural foundation of our ability to express ourselves. The more we are aware of how it works, the more we can monitor the meaning and effectiveness of the way we and others use language.
This presentation will provide several instructions to improve Vocabulary Learning.
Presentation provided by UTPB West Texas Literacy Center, an HSI funded program. HSI is a federally funded program granted by the Department of Education Title V programs. Developed by Ana Miller, M.A., Reading Specialist
Briefly explore how we acquire vocabulary and determine vocabulary in classroom contexts;
Define the notion of word and briefly discuss morphology and pieces of words, ‘morphemes;
Explain the difference between content words and function words; Examine how words can be assigned to ‘word classes’ (parts of speech);
identify types of morphemes, including roots, stems and the different types of affixes;
Examine how words are created.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. What is vocabulary
A sum or stock of words employed by a language, group, individual, or work or in
a field of knowledge.
A set of familiar words within a person's language.
Vocabulary refers to all the words of a language, or to the words used by a
particular person or group. Also called word-stock, lexicon, and lexis.
Linguistic theories generally regard human languages as consisting of two parts: lexicon,
essentially a catalogue of a language's words (its word-stock), Noun, verb, adjective and
adverb;
and grammar,( functional words as preposition, determiner, conjunction, pronoun,
interjection and particles a system of rules which allow for the combination of those
words into meaningful sentences.
Making only lexicons vocabulary
3. Need of a vast vocabulary
Want to say something but couldn’t!
Need the specific word!
Not having an adequate vocabulary can be devastating
Good vocabulary can have great benefits like:
•Faster processing speed
•Expanded abstract thinking
•More success at work
•Improved citizenship
4. Four types of vocabulary
Reading
All the words that a reader can recognize while reading.
Listening
All the words that a listener can understand while listening to any
speech.
Writing
All the words that a writer uses in his or her writing, is familiar with
and understand them.
Speaking
All the words that one can use in his or her speech.
5. “
”
All human beings carry about a set of words which they employ
to justify their actions, their beliefs, and their lives. These are
the words in which we formulate praise of our friends and
contempt for our enemies, our long-term projects, our deepest
self-doubts and our highest hopes… I shall call these words a
person's “final vocabulary”. Those words are as far as he can go
with language; beyond them is only helpless passivity or a
resort to force.
AMERICAN PHILOSOPHER RICHARD RORTY
Final vocabulary
6. Four types of lexicons
Noun
A noun is a word that functions as the name of some specific thing or set of things.
Verb
A verb is a word that in syntax conveys an action, an occurrence, or a state of
being.
Adjective
An adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a noun or noun
phrase.
Adverb
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, determiner, clause, preposition,
or sentence. Adverbs typically express manner, place, time, frequency, degree, level
of certainty, etc.
7. Second language vocabulary
acquisition
There are many techniques that help one acquire new vocabulary.
Word lists/ Personal Lexicon
Make a list of words by using dictionaries and making deriving morphemic connections
Memorization
Memorizing every word you see and understand
Mnemonics/ Word associations
They create new, unusual connections that can increase retention. uses Paivio's dual
coding theory because it uses both verbal and image memory systems. This method is
best for words that represent concrete and imageable things.
Through extensive reading
Developing a strong vocabulary by reading junk of literature extensively. But be sure to
read quality literature
8. Word puzzles
Play puzzles about words like “word find” in newspaper mobile or laptop.
Learn about synonyms.
Synonyms are a great help in increasing vocabulary. By mirroring the word in many
other forms
Keep a journal
Keep a diary in your bag and note every word you hear or read
Learn Morphology
Morphology explains how words are formed. Its knowledge helps how to learn them
easily.
Use It or Lose It
Keep on repeating every word you learn
9. Derivations( to make new words from known vocabulary)
Words are derivate from other words(morpheme) in morphology( Also taught
in course ENG-206). Morphological derivation, in linguistics, is the process of
forming a new word from an existing word, often by adding a prefix or suffix,
such as un- or -ness. For example, unhappy and happiness derive from the
root word happy.
adjective-to-noun: -ness (slow → slowness)
adjective-to-verb: -ise (modern → modernise) or -ize (final → finalize)
adjective-to-adjective: -ish (red → reddish)
adjective-to-adverb: -ly (personal → personally)
noun-to-adjective: -al (recreation → recreational)
noun-to-verb: -fy (glory → glorify)
verb-to-adjective: -able (drink → drinkable)
verb-to-noun (abstract): -ance (deliver → deliverance)
verb-to-noun (agent): -er (write → writer)
10. Summary
Derive words
Make a list
Get familiar with the words
Use them
Practice their use
Memorize them
Keep it up