Vocabulary Development in Oxford English

1. Vocabulary Development
OUTLINE:
 INTRODUCTION
 STRATEGIES
 TYPES
 HOW TO CHOOSE WORDS TO TEACH
 IMPORTANCE
 ENHANCEMENT OF VOCABULARY SKILLS

2. Introduction To Vocabulary Skills
Vocabulary means the words that make up a
language
Guessing the meaning of unfamiliar words using
context clues
Using the dictionary for finding out meaning and
use of unfamiliar words
Creating word association for enhancing vocabulary

3. Guessing the meaning of unfamiliar
words using context clues
GUESSING MEANING FROM CONTEXT Means work out what it means
from the words that are around it and from the topic of the paragraph
TYPES OF CONTEXT CLUES
Context clues are words or phrases in the sentence or paragraph that help
the reader to figure out the meaning of the unknown word.

4. SYNONYMS
A synonyms is a word or phrase that means the
same or is very similar to another word.
I was hunting in the forest and I shot two
deer's.
EXAMPLES AND DEFINITIONS
Example can inform the reader about unknown
words.
They can illustrate the meaning of the word that
they refer to.

5. E.G
Slammer is an example of a computer virus.
Antonyms and contrast
Antonyms are word that mean the opposite of
the other words.
It can refers to the opposed idea of unknown
word in the sentence or paragraph.

6. The fire kept me dry and warm because I
was soaked
Dictionary is a very important tool for anyone
who is learning a new language
Look up the meaning of an english word
you see or hear
Find the english translation of a word in
your language.

7. Types of
vocabulary
There are four types of vocabulary
o Listening _words we understand when
others talk to us.
o Speaking _ words we use when we talk to
others.
o Reading _ words we know when we see
them in print.
o Writing _ words we use when we write.

8. Listening Vocabulary
A person’s listening vocabulary is all the words
he can recognize when listening to speech.
People may still understand words they were
not exposed to before using cues such as,
tone, gestures, the topic of discussion and the
social context of the conversation.
Infants imitate words that they hear and then
associate those words with objects and
actions. This is the listening vocabulary.

9. Speaking
Vocabulary
A person’s speaking vocabulary is all the words they
use in speech. It is likely to be a subset of the
listening vocabulary. Due, to the spontaneous nature
of speech, words are often misused. This misuse,
though slight and un-intentional, may be
compensated by facial expressions and tone of voice.
The speaking vocabulary follows, as a child’s
thoughts become more reliant on his/her ability to
self express without relying on gestures or babbling.

10. Reading Vocabulary
• A literate person’s vocabulary is all the words they can recognize when
reading. This is generally the largest type of vocabulary simply because
a reader tends to be exposed to more words by reading than by
listening.
• Reading vocabulary refers to the words that a student can read and
understand. When students know more words, read and understand.
When students know more words, they are more able to understand
what they read. There is a strong connection between understanding
the meaning of words and understanding a story, textbook or other
reading materials. Children learn new words in two main ways-
indirectly and through instruction.
• Children learn words indirectly through reading, listening to others
read to them and having conversations to others. Most words that
children learn are learned through indirect methods.

11. Writing Vocabulary
• Words are used in various forms of writing from
formal essays to social media feeds. Many written
words do not commonly appear in speech. Writers
generally use a limited set of words when
communicating.
• For example, a writer may have a preferences as to
which of them to use, and they are unlikely to use
technical vocabulary relating to subject in which
they have no knowledge or interest.

12. Strategies of vocabulary development
• There are several proven benefits in
improving our vocabulary, but how should we
go about learning new words in the most
effective way?
• By using the following vocabulary-building
strategies, we are guaranteed to develop a
strong vocabulary and keep improving it
every day.

13. Read Voraciously
• It’s undeniable that reading is the most effective
way to get new vocabulary. When you read, you
see words being used in context — and that’s
what makes it much more effective than, for
example, merely memorizing word lists.
• If we are not able to infer the meaning of new
words when reading, it’s probably because there
are too many unknown words in the text. In that
case, try reading easier materials. The key to
good reading is making it a pleasurable activity;
so don’t be afraid of coming across unknown
words, but make sure the text is appropriate for
our reading level.

14. MAKE FRIENDS WITH THE DICTIONARY
• A dictionary is the first indispensable resource to improve your
vocabulary. It’s only by looking up a word in a dictionary that you will
learn its precise meaning, spelling, alternate definitions, and find much
more useful information about it.
• A thesaurus is also a valuable resource for learning by finding
connections between words, such as their synonyms and antonyms.

15. USE IT OR LOSE IT
Don’t settle after we learn a new word by reading it or looking it up in the dictionary:
these are good starts, but it’s by using the new words that we truly commit them
to our long-term memory.
 Be creative and try to use our newly learned words in as many ways as possible.
• Write them down;
• Say them aloud;
• Create sentences with them, mentally or in writing;
• Try to use them in a conversation;
• Discuss them with friends.

16. Understand the true meaning of words
• By deeply understanding words, you can make your
vocabulary grow exponentially. Instead of just memorizing
words, try to really understand them by looking at
their etymology, word roots, prefixes and suffixes.
• At least half of English words are derived from Greek, and
Latin roots, so there are enormous benefits in being familiar
with them.
• Just to pick an example, when you understand that the
prefix “ortho” means straight or right, you start to find
connections between seemingly unrelated words, such
as orthodontist (a specialist who straightens teeth)
and orthography (the correct, or straight way of writing).

17. Maintain a personal lexicon
• By keeping a personalized list of learned words, you’ll have a handy
reference you can use to review these words later. It’s very likely
you’ll want to go back and refresh your memory on recent words, so
keeping them in your own list is much more efficient than going back
to the dictionary every time.
• There are many ways you can keep your personal word list; each one
has its own advantages and disadvantages – so make sure to pick
the format that works best for you. You may prefer to keep it as a
simple text file in the computer, or in a regular paper notebook; or
maybe as flash cards in a shoe box.

18. DIVERSIFY
 Do something different from your daily routine: hunting, fishing or
blogging – any activity that is not a part of your normal life can
become a great way to learn new words, as every niche has its own
jargon and unique ways of communicating.
 Read different books and magazines than the ones you’re used to.
Watch foreign-language movies. Take up new hobbies, hang out with
different people.

19. Choosing Word To Teach:
• What does it take to teach a word well?
• Vocabulary should be taught both explicitly and
incidentally.
• Repetition and multiple exposure are important for
learning new vocabulary.
• Vocabulary learning tasks should be restructured when
necessary.
• Vocabulary tasks should entail active engagement.

20. What Words Should I Teach?
• First examine the type of text the children will be
Reading. Is it narrative or informational? Teach tier II
words if the children will be reading narrative, literary
texts. Teach tier III words if children will be reading
informational, expository texts(point of contact).
• Next examine the text to develop a list of 10 tier ii or
tier iii words to be taught during the week,2 per day.

21. • Read the text to determine the nature of the context in which each of
the selected tier II or tier III words appear.
Directive context
• Gives clues , hints , synonyms to determine an approximate word
meaning in the context.
Non directive context
• Mentions the word without giving any clues to determine word meaning.
Mis directive context
• Gives clues that lead readers to false word meaning construction.

22. • If a word appears in a directive context
,then teach children how to use context to
determine an approximate word meaning.
• If a word appear in a non-directive or mis-
directive context , then these are good
candidates for your 10 word teaching list

23. If you have ELL students in your classroom ,be sure to determine if there is a
spanish-english cognate that may help them make the translation.
For example
Information (english)
Informacion (spanish)
Here is good source for finding english spanish cognates-

24. The Three Tier System
Tier 1- Basic words like….Happy, clean, fast, sad
etc.
Tier 2- words with high frequency, mature
language users, words with multiple meanings
like….Estimate, cluster, sympathy etc.
Tier 3- words with low frequency, words which are
specified to a particular category like science,
math's, social science etc. Lathe, chasm, warp etc.

25. How to enhance vocabulary skills
What are vocabulary building skills?
Being able to effectively communicate, both verbally and in writing, is a
very important skill to develop. People are often judged by their
vocabulary, whether negative or positive. ... Additionally, a strong
vocabulary is the single best predictor of academic success in school.

26. Develop a
reading habit
Vocabulary building is easiest when you
encounter words in context. Seeing words
appear in a novel or a newspaper article
can be far more helpful than seeing them
appear on vocabulary lists. Not only do
you gain exposure to unfamiliar words;
you also see how they’re used.

27. Use the dictionary and thesaurus.
 Online dictionaries and thesauruses are helpful
resources if used properly. They can jog your memory
about synonyms that would actually be better words
in the context of what you’re writing. A full dictionary
definition can also educate you about antonyms, root
words, and related words, which is another way to
learn vocabulary.

28. PLAY WORD GAMES
Classic games like scrabble and boggle can function as a fun way to expand your
english vocabulary. Crossword puzzles can as well. If you really want to be efficient,
follow up rounds of these word games with a little note-taking. Keep a list of the
different words you learned while playing the game, and then study that list from
time to time.

29. Use Flashcards
A quick way to build a large vocabulary is to study a
number of words via flashcards. In today’s digital
age, a wide array of smartphone apps make
flashcards convenient and easy to organize. Aiming
for one new word a day is reasonable. You can
always go for more, but it may not be reasonable to
assimilate dozens of english words every single day

30. USE MNEMONICS
A mnemonic device is a form of word association that helps you remember words’
definitions and proper uses. For instance think of the word obsequious which means
“attempting to win favor from influential people by flattery.” Break down that word into
components: “obse” is the beginning of “obsessed,” “qui” sounds like the french word
for “yes” (oui), and “us” is like the word “us.” So you can think of that big word
obsequious as “obsessed with saying yes to us”—which is kind of what it means!

31. Practice using new words in
conversation.
It’s possible to amass a huge vocabulary without
actually knowing how to use words. This means you
have to take it upon yourself to put your personal
dictionary into use. If you come across an interesting
word in your reading, make a point of using it in
conversation. By experimenting in low-stakes situations,
you can practice the art of word choice and, with a little
bit of trial and error, hone in on the right word for a
particular context.

32. Importance of vocabulary skills
A robust vocabulary improves all areas of communication
Listening
Speaking
Reading
Writing
 Vocabulary is critical skill to success for these reasons: vocabulary helps to think
and learn about the world.
It expanding knowledge of words provides unlimited access to new information.

33. HOW LISTENING IS IMPORTANT IN VOCAB

34. Conti…
As can be understood from the chart, the individual’s comprehension universe is formed as
a result of the interaction of
Listening, speaking, reading and writing. Listening and reading skills are in the
comprehension dimension, and speaking
And writing skills are in the narration dimension. While the individual is in the "receiver" of
incoming messages role in
The comprehension process, the individual is in the "transmitter" role in conveying emotions
and thoughts as a whole in the narration process.

35. How speaking is important in
vocabulary skills
Speaking in a foreign language is considered to be a
challenging aspect of language learning that
demands competence and mastery in learning any
foreign language. Vocabulary learning verifies to play
an important role in oral communication
Vocabulary learning is an imperative part of learning
foreign language

36. Conti…
Many researchers indicate that real communication is a result of suitable and
adequate vocabulary learning as compared with learning grammar rules only
The intervening aspect and the illustration of speaking itself (perpetual and
moderate flux of production) makes the process of learning and teaching a
complicated understanding of speaking skills.
Speaking involves the collaboration of many different processing mechanisms,
components and exertion to arrange the words in motion to speak language
fluently.

37. How reading is important in
vocabulary skills
Vocabulary plays an important part in learning to
read.
It is harder for a beginning reader to figure out
words that are not already part of their speaking
(oral) vocabulary.
Vocabulary is key to reading comprehension.
Readers cannot understand what they are reading
without knowing what most of the words mean

38. How writing is important in
vocabulary skills
In all the workplaces, employees are continually writing
letters, emails, memoranda, messages, and statements. All of
these need excellent writing abilities so that individuals
become able to communicate their thoughts and opinions
effectively. Good writing skills enable you to communicate a
word with accuracy and efficiency

39. Conti…
Weak writing skills, on the other hand, particularly where communication with the
administration is involved, can be a red standard that an employee is not suitable enough
for management jobs and as such can be a barrier to development. Further, individuals
with inadequate writing skills seem to have a weaker level of capacity, knowledge and,
ability.