1) The document discusses different aspects of vocabulary learning, including definitions of vocabulary, types of vocabulary, and methods for learning vocabulary. 2) Vocabulary can be classified as receptive (words understood) or productive (words used), and as oral or written. There are also active vocabularies that are used and passive vocabularies that are understood but not used. 3) Suggested methods for learning new vocabulary include writing words with definitions, using flashcards, saying words aloud, grouping words by topic, and using words in speaking and writing. Testing oneself and learning collocations are also recommended.

1. Name : Ani Marisah
Student No : 2012002109
Class : 6C
ACADEMIC PAPER BY IGNORANCE
I. INTRODUCTION
Learning Vocabulary is the most important part to be known and studied in
learning a foreign language. Foreign language here is English because English is the
international language. Someone must have a vocabulary sufficient to understand
what is read and heard, to speak and write the right words that can be understood by
others. The more words you know, the more you will be able to understand what you
hear and read; and the better you will be able to say what you want to when speaking
or writing.
Furthermore, I will discuss the definitions of vocabulary, vocabulary types,
and how to learn vocabulary.
II. DISCUSSION
A. What is Vocabulary?
The importance of vocabulary knowledge to school success, in general, and reading
comprehension, in particular, is widely documented. (Becker, 1977; Anderson &
Nagy, 1991)
The National Research Council (1998) concluded that vocabulary development is a
fundamental goal for students in the early grades.
Wikipedia: A person's vocabulary is the set of words within a language that are
familiar to that person. A vocabulary usually develops with age, and serves as a useful
and fundamental tool for communication and acquiring knowledge. Acquiring an
extensive vocabulary is one of the largest challenges in learning a second language.
www.thefreedictionary.com
1. (Linguistics) a listing, either selective or exhaustive, containing the words and
phrases of a language, with meanings or translations into another language; glossary

2. 2. (Linguistics) the aggregate of words in the use or comprehension of a specified
person, class, profession, etc.
3. (Linguistics) all the words contained in a language
4. a range or system of symbols, qualities, or techniques constituting a means of
communication or expression, as any of the arts or crafts a wide vocabulary of
textures and colors
www.donnayoung.org : Vocabulary is vital to communicating with others and
understanding what one is reading.
www.dictionary.reference.com :
1. the stock of words used by or known to a particular people or group of persons
regarding their language,
2.a list or collection of the words or phrases of a language, technical field, etc., usually
arranged in alphabetical order and defined.
From the definitions above, the writer conclude that vocabulary is a list of words that
have some meanings that are used to communicate (speaking and listening) and
writing between one people to another.
B. Types of Vocabulary
 Graves (2006, p. 11) has classified vocabularies into „receptive-oral‟,
„receptive-written‟, „productive-oral‟, and „productive-written‟.
Vocabulary can be classified as receptive (words we understand when others use them) or
productive (words we use them). Vocabulary can also be classified as oral or written. Thus
each of us has four vocabularies: receptive-oral, words we understand when we hear them;
receptive-written, words we can read; productive-oral, words we use in our speech; and
productive-written, words we use in our writing. The four vocabularies overlap but are not
the same, and the relationships between them change over time. Children entering school, for
example, have very large oral vocabularies but very small reading vocabularies. Literate
adults, on the other hand, have larger reading vocabularies than oral vocabularies. And both
children and adults have larger receptive vocabularies than productive ones; that is, they
understand more words when they hear or read than they use in their speech or
writing (Graves, 2006, p. 11)

3.  Types of Vocabulary by Thornbury (2002:3-12)
1. Word Classes.
2. Word Families
3. Word Formation
4. Multi-word Units
5. Collocations
6. Homonyms
First, word classes, the term is perhaps better known in the field of morphology and
syntax, the term is certainly well-known with the name of the parts of speech, can be
noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction.
Second, just as the term word classes, word families are also more famous in the field
of morphology and syntax, which is one type of vocabulary is about shifting affixes or
form a word. Example:
 P - plays - played: inflected
lay
 P - replay - Playful: derivatives
lay
Third, word formation; in English there are several types of formations or combined
form words like:
 Compounding: second-hand, word processor, typewriter
 Blending: information entertainment = infotainment
 Conversion: I always Google every information I need. Google the word noun but
actually turned into a verb.
 Clipping: electronic mail = email, = flu influenza
Fourth, multi-word units, mostly the kind of vocabulary that one form of phrasal
verbs and idioms, for example:
 Look for, look after, wipe off, throw on: Phrasal Verbs
 Famous last word, eat your words, jack me around: Idioms
Fifth, collocations; kind of vocabulary that one can be interpreted as a frequency of
two or more words together. Example: this week, once more, once again, as well.
Sixth, homonyms; homonyms are words that have the same form but different in
meaning. Example: well = well, well, healthy. Left = left, left. Different types such as

4. homophones; same sound, different meaning and homograph; same meaning different
posts including this one species.
 Finocchiaro explains that students‟ vocabulary can be divided into two kinds,
they are “active and passive vocabulary” (1974: 73).
Active vocabulary consists of words which students understand, can pronounce
correctly and use constructively in speaking and writing. While passive vocabulary
consists of words those students recognize and understand when they occur in a
context and they never use them in communication. They understand them when they
hear or read them, but they don‟t use them in speaking or writing.
 So, I divide the knowledge of vocabulary known by a particular person into
two groups by Cambridge Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary:
•receptive / passive vocabulary – it is defined as the set of all words that are
understood at reading or listening but not used in the spoken or written expressions
•productive / active vocabulary – it is the set of all words that are not only understood,
but also used meaningfully when creating new sentences.
C. How to Learn Vocabulary
Every day we hear or read many new English words. I also find them in my dictionary when I
am translating from my own language. I can‟t possibly learn all these new words, so first
problem is to decide which ones to concentrate on. Here are some suggestions:
learn the words that are important to the subjects you are studying
learn the words that you read or hear again and again
learn the words that you know you will often want to use yourself
do not learn words that are rare or not useful (your teacher can help you with this)
Once I have chosen which words to learn, next have to decide how we are going to learn
them. Here are a few ideas:
write the words in a notebook (with their translations or definitions)

5. write the words and definitions on small cards
(advice on how to do this)
say the words many times (if you have an electronic dictionary you can hear how the
word is pronounced)
put the words into different groups (you could use a graphic organizer)
write them in a file for use with a computer program (such as Quiz let or the one on
this site)
make associations (in pictures or with other words)
ask someone to test you
use the words in your own speaking or writing
In all of the above ways, we are doing something with the words. It‟s usually not enough to
just read through a list of words with their definitions or translations and try to remember
them. Even better is to try and learn the word in a typical combination with other
words. Learning that to apologize means to say sorry is a good start, but it's much better to
learn a whole expression containing the word, e.g. He apologized for being late. Not only is
this often easier to remember, but you are also learning some very important information on
how the word is used.
III. CONCLUSION
- The use of vocabulary involves 4 skills: Writing, speaking, listening, and reading. So,
vocabulary is very important part of learning language and we must always develop and
increase our vocabulary.
- Vocabulary is a list of words that have some meanings that are used to communicate
(speaking and listening) and writing between one people to another.
- Vocabulary can be divided to receptive / passive vocabulary and productive / active
vocabulary
- We can learn Vocabulary by some ways: listening radio; music, watching TV; film, and
reading.
- Some students put a tick or cross in their dictionary next to every word they look up. The
next time they turn to a page with a marked word, they quickly check to see if they
remember the meaning of that word.

6. - One idea I usually use to learn vocabulary is write the words in a notebook (with their
translations or definitions). But, you may choose with your own way to learn.