The document discusses various technologies related to natural gas vehicles (NGVs). It describes that NGVs use compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas (LNG) as fuel. The document then discusses the components of NGV engines and fuel systems, the types of vehicles that can run on natural gas including dedicated NGVs and bi-fuel NGVs, examples of NGV models, and obstacles and solutions to wider adoption of NGVs. It concludes that natural gas combustion produces fewer emissions and may be cheaper than gasoline.
The presentation consists of the 5 modern trends in automobile sector. The history, working, and recent development of these trends are discussed in the presentation along with the images which help in understanding.
Contains the recent trends in automobile
Gives brief idea about the each trend. Also contains history, working ,recent development of these trends in market.
The presentation consists of the 5 modern trends in automobile sector. The history, working, and recent development of these trends are discussed in the presentation along with the images which help in understanding.
Contains the recent trends in automobile
Gives brief idea about the each trend. Also contains history, working ,recent development of these trends in market.
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
2. introduction
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) augments an electric vehicle (EV) with a second source of power referred to as the alternative power unit (APU).
65. <ul><li>Fuel cell output power oriented control strategy based on FCE loading and unloading equations
66. similar to the fuel cell output power oriented control strategy as just mentioned above, but there has some new control characteristics as follows:
67. If cSOC > cSOC.t, the battery regulation power is zero and the battery actual output power is the power difference between Pd and Pf;
68. If cSOC≤ cSOC.t, the battery regulation charging power is considered and the target fuel cell power is the sum of driving power and charging power;
69. When the vehicle is braking, the fuel cell works at the minimum power and charges the battery pack with the regenerative braking;
70. The fuel cell engine works on nearly all of the driving time expect for the over high SOC battery pack and small driving power requirement at the first cold starting.
72. HYBRID MILEAGE TIPS<br />Drive slower - The aerodynamic drag on the car increases dramatically the faster you drive. For example, the drag force at 70 mph (113 kph) is about double that at 50 mph (81 kph). So, keeping your speed down can increase your mileage significantly. <br />Maintain a constant speed - Each time you speed up the car you use energy, some of which is wasted when you slow the car down again.
73. CONCLUSIONS<br />Using the concept of Hybridization of cars results in better efficiency and also saves a lot of fuel in today’s fuel deficit world.<br />A hybrid gives a solution to all the problems to some extent. <br />If proper research and development is done in this field, hybrid vehicle promises a practical, efficient, low pollution vehicle for the coming era. <br />One can surely conclude that this concept and the similar ones to follow with even better efficiency & conservation rate are very much on the anvil in today’s energy deficit world
AIR POWERED CAR is the design to replace commonly used conventional cars like which runs with gasoline and diesel.
The main need to introduce air powered car is present the world is facing air pollution and fuel crisis.
All bio-fuels are came under non-renewable energy sources and they are limited in nature and they can't be regenerated again. So, in order to stop air pollution and exhaustion of non-renewable energy sources we must go for renewable energy resources.
Here air is one of the renewable energy resource which is used as a fuel in that that is AIR POWERED CAR
I compiled this presentation recently to summarize key aspects around electric cars from a layman perspective. The study touches upon interplay between industry and state in key markets with some enhanced focus on Europe
Presentation on BEV ( Battery Operated Electric Vehicles) Pranav Mistry
Innovation done on BEV ( Battery Operated Electric Vehicles) with best in class miles/charge, Fast charging , Reduced price of maintenance , Suspension based charging etc
How much do you really know about the electric car phenomenon? Find out why electric cars are important with this presentation today. Explore the growth in electric car industry, major manufacturers, and everything from electric car test equipment to future development.
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
2. introduction
A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) augments an electric vehicle (EV) with a second source of power referred to as the alternative power unit (APU).
65. <ul><li>Fuel cell output power oriented control strategy based on FCE loading and unloading equations
66. similar to the fuel cell output power oriented control strategy as just mentioned above, but there has some new control characteristics as follows:
67. If cSOC > cSOC.t, the battery regulation power is zero and the battery actual output power is the power difference between Pd and Pf;
68. If cSOC≤ cSOC.t, the battery regulation charging power is considered and the target fuel cell power is the sum of driving power and charging power;
69. When the vehicle is braking, the fuel cell works at the minimum power and charges the battery pack with the regenerative braking;
70. The fuel cell engine works on nearly all of the driving time expect for the over high SOC battery pack and small driving power requirement at the first cold starting.
72. HYBRID MILEAGE TIPS<br />Drive slower - The aerodynamic drag on the car increases dramatically the faster you drive. For example, the drag force at 70 mph (113 kph) is about double that at 50 mph (81 kph). So, keeping your speed down can increase your mileage significantly. <br />Maintain a constant speed - Each time you speed up the car you use energy, some of which is wasted when you slow the car down again.
73. CONCLUSIONS<br />Using the concept of Hybridization of cars results in better efficiency and also saves a lot of fuel in today’s fuel deficit world.<br />A hybrid gives a solution to all the problems to some extent. <br />If proper research and development is done in this field, hybrid vehicle promises a practical, efficient, low pollution vehicle for the coming era. <br />One can surely conclude that this concept and the similar ones to follow with even better efficiency & conservation rate are very much on the anvil in today’s energy deficit world
AIR POWERED CAR is the design to replace commonly used conventional cars like which runs with gasoline and diesel.
The main need to introduce air powered car is present the world is facing air pollution and fuel crisis.
All bio-fuels are came under non-renewable energy sources and they are limited in nature and they can't be regenerated again. So, in order to stop air pollution and exhaustion of non-renewable energy sources we must go for renewable energy resources.
Here air is one of the renewable energy resource which is used as a fuel in that that is AIR POWERED CAR
I compiled this presentation recently to summarize key aspects around electric cars from a layman perspective. The study touches upon interplay between industry and state in key markets with some enhanced focus on Europe
Presentation on BEV ( Battery Operated Electric Vehicles) Pranav Mistry
Innovation done on BEV ( Battery Operated Electric Vehicles) with best in class miles/charge, Fast charging , Reduced price of maintenance , Suspension based charging etc
How much do you really know about the electric car phenomenon? Find out why electric cars are important with this presentation today. Explore the growth in electric car industry, major manufacturers, and everything from electric car test equipment to future development.
Powering the Automobile: Technology Trends
Anoop Kurup, Founding Director, Inolyst
• Recent developments
• Alternate Fuel Technology
• Hybrids and electric Vehicles
• Challenges in alternate technologies
The impact of technology on economy cannot be denied. Technology creates economic opportunities. People who recognize technology trends in advance are able to reap rich benefits by harnessing these trends to create wealth. GETLS2010 creates a platform for CXOs and senior level people to recognize the technology trends of tomorrow and create leadership opportunities for their organizations and themselves by accurately having the ability to read this trends. Our expert speakers will therefore give you not only a look into the technology trends but we also have a special session around Technology forecasting and which technology to spend your billions on.
Steve Lussier, McNeilus, presented information on the Natural Gas Fleet Applications for Concrete Mixers for our Natural Gas for Transportation Roundtable in Mequon, WI.
In this presentation, we'll take a look at 10 of the biggest and most significant engine improvements of all time.
From fuel injection to hybrid motors, we'll take a look at where engines have been, and hopefully get some insight on where they're headed…
Benefits: More fuel-efficient, less polluting
Drawbacks: More complicated, more expensive to manufacture
Efficient & Cost-Effective CNG-Based Natural Gas Delivery for Ranges up to 500 km beyond the pipeline
Clean Energy Compression’s Fullfill & Maxoffload technology provides efficient and quick and fueling at source and the most complete offloading at destination. This technology makes CNG virtual pipelines an affordable remote energy solution by decreasing the cost per energy unit delivered.
Clean Energy Compression’s Bulk Gas Transportation systems have enabled customers worldwide to take advantage of the tremendous cost reduction and environmental benefits of converting to natural gas without waiting for expensive pipeline or LNG infrastructure.
This presentation will lead you to a brief insight of the history and the evolution of Continuous Variable Transmission.
I have tried to collect the most favorable images fro my presenatation, and the references have been mentioned at the last.
I have also uploaded the report for this presentation, I hope this will help at bit.
Clean Energy Compression’s CompleteCNG includes proven CleanCNG technology in a package that combines portability with configurable plug-and-play installation. The self-contained system has a smaller footprint than a standard built-in station and requires minimal on-site construction, making it fast to install and easy to relocate. CEC designers and engineers have responded to the needs of the market to deliver a comprehensive sustainable CNG fueling system with minimal environmental impact.
My Invention - Onboard Vehicle Refueling System (OVRS) - Abridged Slideshare ...Greg Ibizugbe
Present invention provides a solution to the CNG station unavailability problem by imparting a mobile refueling capability to vehicles that run on compressed natural gas or other gaseous fuels. It accomplishes this through an integrated system of onboard compression, storage, interface modules and a centralized electronic control system; onboard refueling operation is implemented by the compression module which is enclosed in lightweight, acoustic containment within the vehicle. With this invention, natural gas vehicles or NGVs are effectively able to refuel from readily available sources of natural gas: such as home residences, commercial and other building facilities with existing utility gas piping infrastructure
This engine is constructed in such a way that it can produce higher efficiency by emitting zero emission of harmful gases,because of complete burning of fuel.It is light,small and of low cost.It is benificial for the environment.It can solve the problems of over consumption of fuel.It creates a revolution in the field of engine mechanism.It has two strokes more than the four stroke engine.In future it may be used in every technical field due to higher output and low pollution factor.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. •What is it?
- A Natural gas vehicle or NGV is a vehicle that
uses compressed natural gas (CNG) or, less
commonly, liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a
clean alternative to other automobile fuels.
Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs)
3. Sources
• Where do we get
natural gas from?
- The Gulf of Saudi
Arabia : A Long-
Lasting Source of
Natural Gas.
4. • 85-99% Methane
• Clean burning
• Exhaust emissions from NGVs are much lower than those
from equivalent gasoline-powered vehicles
• Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
• Noise reductions
• Lower cost
Benefits of NGVs
6. A: Gas fill valve
B: Cylinders
C: Master manual shut-off valve
D: High-pressure fuel line
E: Regulator
F: Natural gas solenoid valve
G: Fuel-injection system
7. The pressure regulator must be firmly attached to the vehicle’s body, making sure that
there is no movement whatsoever. The manometer must be placed on the regulator in such a
way that it can be easily read at the time of filling the gas tank; therefore, the pressure
regulator must not be installed under any part of the motor that blocks the view of the
manometer
REDUCER / MIXER SYSTEM
9. The tanks have a valve that must be installed very tightly. For this purpose, the
cylinder is placed on a specially prepared bracket-clamp that will hold the tanks while
the valve is installed avoiding its turning when the valve is being tightened.
Before installing the valve in the cylinder thread, 30 rounds of Teflon tape must be
applied for better sealing. The valve must be tightened in the cylinder with no greater
than 25 kgm.
The cylinders should be placed in the same direction as the car axels. The Manual
Safety Valve must be easily accessible, so that it can be closed without problems in
case of a leak.
NGV TANKS AND THEIR VALVES
10. • What types of vehicles run on
natural gas?
2) Dedicated NGVs
2) Bi-Fuel NGVs
Types of Vehicles
11. • A dedicated NGV runs on natural gas only.
• Dedicated NGVs can be gasoline-fueled vehicles
that have been converted to run on natural gas.
• Mostly dedicated NGVs are produced by original
equipment manufacturers.
Dedicated NGVs
13. Light-Duty NGVs
Suitable for light-duty needs in private and
government fleets
Honda Civic GX
Medium-Duty NGVs
Vans and shuttles
Airports and taxi fleets
Heavy-Duty NGVs
Refuse haulers
Transit buses
School buses
Long-haul trucks
Street sweepers
Snowplows
Short-haul delivery trucks
14. • A bi-fuel vehicle can run on either natural gas or
gasoline.
• Many are designed to switch automatically to
gasoline when the natural gas fuel tank reaches
empty.
• These vehicles get the same or slightly fewer
miles per equivalent gallon of natural gas as do
vehicles using gasoline only.
Bi-Fuel NGVs
15. • The Absence of Transportation
• The Absence of Storage Infrastructure
• Loss of Cargo Space
• Increased Refueling Time
• Lower Driving Range
• Price
Obstacles to The Widespread of
Use of NGVs
16. • Building more pipelines.
• Establishing more liquefied tankers.
• A slow fill gets more gas into the tank than does
a fast fill.
• Petroleum Authority of Thailand (PTT) is now
promoting the new plan.
Solutions (1)
17. •Tax Reductions for CNG Vehicles
- Tax reductions of 25% for CNG buses and taxi
cabs
- 20% for other CNG vehicles
• Giving an import tariff exemption for
NGV cylinders and other related
equipment
Solutions (2)
18. Solutions (3)
• Building more NGV
refueling stations
- PTT plans to increase the
number to 160 stations next
year
- 740 nationwide in 2010
19. • Natural gas combustion produces no significant
aldehydes or other air toxins.
• Natural gas price is cheaper than the price of
gasoline.
• Safety
Conclusion
20. • In Europe, a group of nine auto manufacturers are currently researching and testing body
panels that can store energy and charge faster than conventional batteries of today. The body
panels being tested are made of polymer fiber and carbon resin that are strong enough to be
used in vehicles and pliable enough to be molded into panels. These panels could reduce a
car's weight by up to 15 percent.
• The panels would capture energy produced by technologies like regenerative braking or
when the car is plugged in overnight and then feed that energy back to the car when it's
needed.
Energy-storing Body Panels
21. • Volvo has developed a combination of technologies that goes further than simply
identifying objects: it can identify pedestrians and cyclists, thus allowing avoidance of
collisions and injuries in urban areas, where such accidents are most common. Since this
also happens to be one of the most important type of accidents involving cars, this
technology should spread pretty quickly
Pedestrian detection
22. • or lazy brakes, if you wish. Acura's new RLX sedan features a "Brake Hold" button that will
keep the brakes pressed automatically. Useful while waiting for that red light to turn green,
or for that loooong train to cross the road.
Intelligent braking
23. • Because the all-new 2014 S-Class does not pack enough new features as it is, Mercedes-
Benz has found it necessary to include exclusive hot stone massage bucket seats. 14 tiny air
bags inflate and deflate to stimulate the occupant's backside in a traditional, shiatsu fashion.
Hot-stone massage
24. • Tesla Motors' Model S all-electric sedan sports many exclusive technologies, one of them
being almost exclusively aesthetic: the receding door handles retract when the car is locked
down or when it is moving, but press the key fob Unlock button and the pop out. They seem
pretty solid too. Still, we wonder how they'll fare under an inch of thick winter ice...
Receding door handles
25. • Dual-stage 'smart' airbags If you've ever felt the force of an airbag hitting you in the face
after a fender-bender, you understand the appeal of dual-stage "smart" airbags. More
important, an airbag can have fatal results for small children. These smart systems vary in
intelligence, but most offer a low-stage and high-stage deployment based on impact, and
many take the weight of the human into consideration via an in-car computer. Average cost:
$400
Dual-stage airbags
26. Electro-Hydraulic power steering
system
• new power steering system provides the natural, smooth feel of a sophisticated conventional hydraulic
power steering system while simultaneously improving fuel economy by using electric power
instead of drawing power from the engine.
• System Configuration
• Electro-Hydraulic power steering system
• Hydraulic assist
(greater reduction ratio than with gears, etc.)
• 12V power supply
(Since large reduction ratio possible, DC-DC converter for voltage step-up is not needed)
• Small cylinder diameter (50mm)
(Motor does not need to be mounted on rack, since a large reduction ratio is obtained)
27.
28. Electro-Hydraulic power steering
system
• new power steering system provides the natural, smooth feel of a sophisticated conventional hydraulic
power steering system while simultaneously improving fuel economy by using electric power
instead of drawing power from the engine.
• System Configuration
• Electro-Hydraulic power steering system
• Hydraulic assist
(greater reduction ratio than with gears, etc.)
• 12V power supply
(Since large reduction ratio possible, DC-DC converter for voltage step-up is not needed)
• Small cylinder diameter (50mm)
(Motor does not need to be mounted on rack, since a large reduction ratio is obtained)
29. EPS powered directly by motor
• Motor power directly assists steering
(large reduction ratio not obtainable with worm gear or ball screw)
• 42V power supply
(small reduction ratio means DC-DC converter needed to provide power)
• Large motor diameter(110mm)
(to provide sufficient power, a large motor must be mounted on the rack shaft)
30. • A supercharger: is an air compressor that increases
the pressure or density of air supplied to an internal
combustion engine. This gives each intake cycle of
the engine more oxygen, letting it burn more fuel and
do more work, thus increasing power.
31. • A turbocharger is a device driven by exhaust gases that
increases engine power by pumping air into the
combustion chambers. Combustion is limited not by the
amount of fuel that can be injected but by the amount of air
an engine can gulp in to mix with that fuel.
32.
33.
34. Tubeless tires or tyres• Tubeless tires or tyres: (are pneumatic tires that do not
require a separate inner tube. Unlike traditional pneumatic
tires which use a separate inner tube, tubeless tires have
continuous ribs molded integrally into the bead of the tire
so that they are forced by the pressure of the air inside the
tire to seal with the flanges of the metal rim of the wheel.
35. continuously variable transmission
(CVT)
• A continuously variable transmission (CVT) (also known
as a single-speed transmission, stepless transmission,
variable pulley transmission, or, in case of motorcycles, a
twist-and-go) is an automatic transmission that can change
seamlessly through an indefinite number of effective gear
ratios between maximum and minimum values.