This document summarizes recent trends in automobile engineering, including hybrid cars that combine gasoline engines and electric motors, electric cars like the Moovie and Zap Xebra Sedan, air-powered cars like the Mini Cat, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, single-wheel vehicles like the Embrio/2025, ultra-light cars made from composites, stackable parking cars, and futuristic cars that can change their exterior displays. The trends focus on more efficient, alternative fuel, electric, lightweight, and customizable vehicle designs.

1. RECENT TRENDS IN
AUTOMOBILE
ENGINEERING
by Sukhvinder
Bhatia

2. INTRODUCTION
 Automobile is a Greek ancient word means
‘self movable’.
 Also referred as motor car and auto car.
 It relates with something which has wheels
and is movable.
 Around more than a billion automobiles are
sold till 2010

3. History
 Steam powered vehicle designed by ferdinand verbiest.
 The first car was built by Joseph Cugnot in 1769. It was
powered by a steam engine and was very slow.
 Jean Joseph Étienne Lenoir was the first to build the one
cylinder engine, internal-combustion engine, was later patent.
 Nikolaus August Otto built the first four cylinder engine.
 In 1886 Gottlieb Daimler designed the first four wheeled
automobile. They also created the first v-slanted engine.
 Karl Benz, know as one of the founders of Mercedes-Benz, is
the first to build an automobile powered by an internal
combustion engine.
 Henry Ford, Ford car company founder, designed the world’s
biggest car manufacturer, manufacturing over 15 million
Model Ts by 1927

4. Hybrid Cars
 A hybrid vehicle is one that combines a
smaller-than-normal internal combustion
gasoline engine with the electric motor of an
electric-powered vehicle.
 They are generally designed to be more
aerodynamic than most cars, allowing them to
‘slice’ through the air instead of pushing it out
of the way.

6. The MOOVIE
 The Moovie, an electric powered car, designed by Andre
Costa, doesn’t look like an ordinary car. Its round shape
and large side sliding doors resembles a futuristic car
we sometimes see in the movies. It seats two people,
drives on big wheels and has howwow rims .
 The large wheels save energy because they don’t
require as much work to turn as small wheels require.
Also, the rear-view mirror neatly fold up away from the
sliding door.

8. The Zap Xebra Sedan
 The golf cart like car is powered 100% by
electricity. All it need to get it going to plug into
and get it charged. The car can reach speeds
up to 40 miles an hour.
 The sedan version can carry up to four people.
The listed cargo weight capacity for both the
SD sedan and the PK pickup is 1000 lb
(460 kg), although PK owners have carried
more weight than that.

10. Mini Cat
 The ‘Mini Cat’ which uses compressed air, is a
simple and light urban car with a tubular
chassis, a body of fiberglass which is glued
and not welded.
 It uses no gasoline or other bio-carbon based
fuel.
 Mini Cat reduce the cost of vehicle production,
because there is no need to build a cooling
system, spark plugs, starter motor, or mufflers

12. The HUMMER 02
 This Hummer is not a ‘gas hog’ like the other
ones. Instead , it is environmentally friendly.
 The Hummer O2 is built to emit O2 instead of
CO2 by using algae to convert CO2 into pure
oxygen.
 In addition, the Hummer O2 is made of
recycled parts.

14. Hydrogen fuel car
 Hydrogen is one such fuel that has been
proposed for the purpose which was suitable for
spark ignition engines.
 Hydrogen combines the properties of higher
calorific value, higher velocity of flame
propagation , non toxicity as well as lowest
possible emission levels that do not affect the
balance of the water of the hydrosphere.
 More over the by product of combustion are
devoid of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide which
is the major advantage of vehicles powered by
fuel cell vehicles.

16. The Bombardier Embrio/2025
 Embrio is a hightech unicycle or a sleek
motorcycle with retractable tiny front wheels.
 Powered by hydrogen fuel cells and made of
recycled aluminum and polyethylene rides on one
wheel once speeds reach 20km an hour. At rest or
in case of trouble, the tiny front wheels drop back
down.
 It stays balanced with something called
gyroscope. It comes with sensors, a high-
performance braking system, active suspension,
and night vision. Best of all, making a turn
requires shifting body weight instead of steering.

18. HYPER CAR
 It is a designed by Amory lovins.
 It has an aerodynamic body, low drag design
and hybrid drive.
 It is produced to get better fuel economy,
safety and affordability.
 In fact, some of these cars are so efficient that
you could plug them in and return power to the
grid for a discount on your electric bill.

20. The RECY
 Its called the Recy, is a Mercedes Benz and
was designed to be an environment conscious
car
 Recy is powered by a four-cylinder Blu-Tec
bio-diesel motor and is made of recycled parts
such as wood , alloy, glass, and rubber.
 After using it for five years, instead of adding it
to the filled junkyards we have everywhere,
Recy can be taken to a recycling centre and
be recycled again.

22. ULTRA-LIGHT CARS
 German car startup company, Loremon, which
stands for low resistance mobile, will soon put
its first models on scale in Europe that weight
around 544 Kg.
 Ultra light future car will be made of lightweight
products including plastics, aluminum and
metal composites and other hybrid materials.
By adjusting the weight of the car parts,
companies don’t have to sacrifice size and can
also use smaller engine.

24. Stackable Cars
 When a City Car isn’t in use, it would collapse
into a smaller size and stack against other City
Car, much like a row of shopping Carts.
 In this manner, eight vehicles could fill the area
of a parking space traditionally use for one
standard-sized, conventional automobile.
 To use this stackable car all you’ll need to do
is swipe your credit card at the nearest City
Car rack.

25. 0

26. Futuristic Cars
 Futuristic car is totally adaptable. With a press
of a button, a driver will be able to broadcast
any picture or message anywhere on a car’s
surface beside a chosen picture that sits
driver’s mood or outfit.
 Car can also broadcast marketing messages.
Changing a song, or a radio station, or
navigation to a wanted destination will never
be easier with automatic battler.

28. THANKING YOU
FROM
SUKHVINDER S BHATIA
BE SAFE AND ENJOY YOUR
RIDE