The document summarizes recent trends in automobiles from the past to present and future. It discusses that in the past, vehicles had 3-4 cylinder engines running on gasoline or diesel with two-stroke or four-stroke cycles. Now, vehicles have more cylinders, can run on various alternative fuels, and have more efficient supercharged or turbocharged engines. Materials have transitioned to lighter aluminum, steel, plastics and composites. Safety features have advanced with ABS braking and power steering. The future may include fully self-driving cars from companies like Apple and more electric vehicles with automation.

1. K.L.E.SOCIETY’S
C.B.KORE POLYTECHNIC
CHIKODI
SUBJECT : RECENT TRENDS IN
AUTOMOBILE
PRESENTED BY
AFTAB MUKERI

2. PAST…
• Cylinder: 3 or 4-cylinder
• Cycle : Two-Stroke Cycle
Four-Stroke Cycle
Diesel Cycle
• Fuel : petrol Or Diesel
• Energy efficiency : 37%
• Ignition : Spark or By
Compression

3. NOW IN PRESENT
SUPER CHARGED ENGINE AND TURBO- CHARGED
ENGINE WE ARE USING……….
• CYLINDER: 4 OR 6 OR 8-CYLINDER
• CYCKE : : Tow stroke cycle
Four stroke cycle
diesel cycle
• FUEL : Petrol or Diesel,
petroleum gas
compressed natural gas
Jet fuel (aviation fuel)
Residual fuel
Coal
Biofuels and vegoils

4. • Energy efficiency: Super charged Engine70%
Turbo Charged Engine-56% to 61%
• Ignition : MPFI System
Mechanically timed ignition
Electronic ignition
Digital electronic ignitions

5. MATERIALUSED IN PAST.. VEHICAL’S
IN 1970’s a lot of stamped metal, more
Vinyl
for interiors, Molded plastics, and
laminated
Plastics will tempered glass for windshields.
In 2009,a lot of Molded plastics inside and
out, a lot of very Thin Steel, laminated
windshields, Topper ware bumpers,etc,and
Aluminum
HEAVY MATERIAL

6. WE HAVE...
CAR CANTAINTS….
• Aluminum - for car
bodies + wheel hubs,
• Iron/steel - for car bodies,
• copper - for electrical
wires
• Lead - for lead-acid
batteries
• Plastic - for dials,
dashboards + bumpers.
• PVC - for metal wirings.
• Glass + plastic - for
windscreens.
• Leather - for seats
VERY LIGHT
MATERIALS

7. Rack And Pinion Steering system
• The pinion gear is attached to
the steering shaft. When you turn
the steering wheel, the gear spins,
moving the rack. The tie rod at each
end of the rack connects to
the steering arm on the spindle
converts the rotational motion of
the steering wheel into the linear
motion needed to turn the wheels.

8. Power Steering
Hydraulic power steering systems
work by using a hydraulic
system to multiply force applied to
the steering wheel inputs to the
vehicle's steered (usually front)
road wheels. Throw which vehicle
turn in short distance

9. BRAKING SYSTEM
Abs braking system
An anti-lock braking system or anti-
skid braking system[1] (ABS) is
an automobile safety system that
allows the wheels on a motor
vehicle to maintain reactive contact
with the road surface according to
driver inputs while braking,
preventing the wheels from locking
up (ceasing rotation) and avoiding
uncontrolled skidding

10. OTHER SAFTY ARRENGMENT

11. V2V Communications
 Vehicle-to-vehicle is an automobile technology designed to allow
automobiles to "talk" to each other.
V2V communications form a wireless ad hoc network on the roads.
The systems will use a region of the 5.9 GHz band set aside by the United
States Congress, the unlicensed frequency also used by Wi-Fi.
The US V2V standard, commonly known as WAVE.

12. Land Rovers Invisible Cars
 The new Land Rover Discovery Vision concept will in fact have an
invisible bonnet.
This will give the driver a clear view of what's going on underneath the
front of the car, and the position of the wheels, which would be a great
help when traversing the rough stuff.

13. Automated Manual Transmission
 An AMT is composed of a dry clutch, a gearbox, and an embedded
dedicated control system that uses electronic sensors, processors, and
actuators to actuate gear shifts on the driver’s command
 Benefits of AMT:
• Changing gears without using a foot to operate the clutch •
• No engine or gear modifications
• Less physical or psychological stress•
• More comfortable than manual transmissions
• More “fun” factor compared to fully automatic transmissions

14. FUTURE CARS
• Apple and others companies
developing self driving cars
Means the car without the driver
• And their will be a number of
electrical cars in road with
highly automated feature
• Zero turning radius vehicle

15. Conclusion

16. THANK YOU