Radiology 5th year, 1st & 2nd lectures (Dr. Ameer)
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Skull and brain imaging techniques such as CT and MRI are standard for investigating trauma, while ultrasound angiography is limited to detecting stenosis, aneurysms, and arteriovenous malformations. CT is useful for detecting fractures, edema, contusions, hemorrhages, and other abnormalities. MRI provides additional information on lesions and is more accurate for diagnosing conditions such as multiple sclerosis and arteriovenous malformations. Various imaging findings help characterize common brain pathologies including tumors, infarcts, hemorrhages, and infections.
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Vascular Lesions of the Brain
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A 23-year-old woman presented with hearing loss. CT showed a soft tissue mass in the left middle ear cavity eroding the scutum and demineralizing the ossicles. The most likely diagnosis is cholesteatoma, a common middle ear soft tissue mass.
A 68-year-old woman presented with left eye pain and proptosis. Angiography showed early filling of both cavernous sinuses and ophthalmic veins, indicating a carotid-cavernous fistula.
MR of a 6-month-old boy with vomiting showed a large enhancing mass in the left lateral ventricle with flow voids. The most likely diagnosis is a choroid plexus
Brain tumor neuroimaging 4 17th may 02
The document discusses different types of brain tumors, including:
1) Schwannomas, which are benign nerve sheath tumors that arise on cranial nerves and are typically homogeneous and enhancing on MRI/CT. Vestibular schwannomas commonly present with hearing loss.
2) Meningiomas, which are the most common extra-axial brain tumors, arising from the meninges. They are typically hyperdense and homogenously enhancing on imaging.
3) Germ cell tumors like germinomas, which arise from germ cells and are commonly located in the pineal gland region.
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CT and MRI are commonly used imaging modalities to evaluate the brain and spine. CT can clearly image bone structures and is useful for detecting fractures, while MRI provides excellent soft tissue contrast and is more sensitive for abnormalities within the brain and spinal cord. Some key applications discussed include using CT to identify intracranial hemorrhages such as epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, and intraventricular bleeds. CT is also used to diagnose strokes, brain tumors, hydrocephalus, and traumatic injuries. MRI is superior for evaluating many conditions like brain infarctions, demyelinating diseases, and spinal disc herniations. Both modalities have advantages and can be complementary in the evaluation of many neurological
extra axial Meningioma
This document discusses extra-axial masses, specifically meningiomas. It provides details on the typical presentation, demographics, pathology, imaging features and diagnosis of meningiomas. On imaging, meningiomas usually appear as well-circumscribed, dural-based masses that enhance strongly with CT and MRI. They typically show calcification on CT and homogenous enhancement post-contrast. The document emphasizes that meningiomas are the most common extra-axial brain tumors and often appear as convexity or parasagittal masses, with females being more commonly affected.
Tumours Of The Cp Afinal Power Pressed
The document summarizes various tumors and lesions that can occur in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). The most common tumors are acoustic neuromas (schwannomas), which arise from the vestibular nerve. Other lesions include meningiomas, metastases, epidermoid tumors, dermoid cysts and lipomas. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment depends on the type and size of the lesion.
Radiology 5th year, 3rd lecture (Dr. Ameer)
This document summarizes various spine imaging techniques and what they can reveal. It discusses the normal appearance of the spine on plain films and signs of abnormality like disc space narrowing and collapsed vertebral bodies. Various pathologies are described like metastases, infection, and trauma that can cause these abnormalities. CT is useful for spinal trauma while MRI can visualize the spinal cord and nerves and is the best test for multiple pathologies.
Cns trauma
This document provides an overview of head injury classification and imaging approaches for traumatic brain injury. It discusses the goals of skull x-rays and CT scans, classifications of head injuries as mild, moderate or severe based on Glasgow Coma Scale scores, and types of primary and secondary brain lesions that can be seen on imaging. It also summarizes key imaging findings for different types of injuries including skull fractures, epidural hematomas, subdural hematomas, cerebral contusions, and diffuse axonal injuries.
Lytic leisons of the skull
Lytic lesions of the skull can have many potential etiologies ranging from normal variants to neoplastic lesions. Imaging plays an important role in the evaluation and diagnosis of lytic skull lesions. CT and MRI are often used to characterize the lesions and assess bone and soft tissue involvement. The differential diagnosis depends on factors like the patient's age, lesion characteristics such as appearance, location and whether it is solitary or multiple. Common etiologies include metastases, multiple myeloma, epidermoid cysts, hemangioma and fibrous dysplasia among others. A thorough clinical history and imaging findings are needed to establish the correct diagnosis.
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