This document outlines the process for conducting questionnaires and interviews for research purposes. It discusses different types of questionnaires like personally administered and mail questionnaires. It also discusses different types of interviews like unstructured, structured, face-to-face, telephone and computer assisted interviews. The document provides the steps to construct a questionnaire and highlights techniques for effective questioning and minimizing bias during interviews.

1. Questionnaire and Interview
Schedule
By
Praveen A 15AB29
Ranjani B 15AB30
Riya Mary Joeman 15AB31
Robin Pavithran 15AB32

2. 5/31/2016 2PSGIM

3. Questionnaires
Research instrument and it is a Pre-formulated
written set of questions of which respondents record
their answers.
Effective data collection mechanism when the
researcher knows exactly what is required and how to
measure the variables of interest.
Types
• Personally administered
questionnaires
• Mail questionnaires
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4. Personally Administered questionnaires
• Mostly local area based, Organization is willing to have a group of employee respond to it.
• Researchers can present potential respondents with the questionnaire in a variety of ways,
including:
- In person
- scanner sheets through post
- Disks
Advantages Disadvantages
 Distributed to a large number of
people at a relatively low cost
 Lower costs than interviewing
 Reduced interviewer bias
 Limited to those who can read and
write.
 Probing questions required long
answers cannot be write
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5. Mail questionnaires
Mailed to the respondents can complete at their
convenience (Time and location)
Advantages Disadvantages
 Wide geographical can be covered
 Lower costs than interviewing
 Return rates are typically low
 Doubts cannot be clarified
Techniques to improve rate of response
 Send follow up mail – small monetary amount as incentives
 Notified in advance about the forthcoming survey
 Adding related picture to the questionnaire ( help in some
cases)
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6. 1. Preparation
2. Constructing the first draft
3. Self-evaluation
4. External evaluation
5. Revision
6. Pre-test or Pilot study
7. Revision
8. Second Pre-test if necessary
9. Preparing final Copy
Steps in questionnaire construction
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7. Interviewing
 One of the method to collect data
 Uses specially for Exploratory research
 Large number of interviews with a number of interviewers – Chances for Bias
 To minimize bias
- Good training to Interviewers
- Checking their interpretation
- Voice inflections
- Avoid differences in wording
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8. Types of Interviews
 Unstructured Interviews
 Structured Interviews
 Face to face Interviews
 Telephone Interviews
 Computer assisted Interviews
 Computer-aided survey Interviews
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9. Un-Structured Interviews
OBJECTIVE
• To explore and probe into several factors in the situation that might
be central to the broad problem area.
• It is the basis for conducting a structured interview.
• Helps in understanding
 whether the problem in hand is a symptom of a more and
serious deep rooted problem
 Identification of several critical factors in the situation.
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11. Structured Interviews
BASIS
• Conducted after understanding the outset of what
information is needed.
• List of predetermined questions are already decided by
the interviewer.
• Conducted through telephone / face-to-face / medium of
a PC.
• Interviewer must be familiar with the purpose and goal of
each question.
RESULT
Identification of new factors and deeper
understanding5/31/2016 11PSGIM

12. Face to Face Interviews
Mostly conducted for UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Researcher can adapt the questions
that are necessary and ensure that
there is clarity in the responses.
• Non-verbal cues can also be an added
advantage that cannot be picked up
through a telephone interview.
• Geographical limitations on the surveys.
• Cost – Optimization
• Respondents feel insecure about their
anonymity when interaction is face to
face.
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13. Telephonic Interview
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Researcher - Different people can
be reached(Local, international)
 Respondent- Eliminates
discomfort.
 Respondent could terminate
the interview by hanging up
without any warning.
 Fixing mutually convenient
time.
 Can not read non-verbal
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14. Computer Assisted Interviewing
• Questions flashed in computer screen, respondents can
enter answers into computers.
• Out-of-range responses eliminated.
• Right sequencing order.
• Improved accuracy.
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15. CATI & CAPI
CATI CAPI
Computer Assisted
Telephonic Interview
Computer Assisted Personal
Interview
PC is networked into
telephone system
Respondents can use their
own computers to respond.
Computer selects number,
dials and stores responses in
a file.
Respondents receive
software and respond
Quick, accurate and faster analysis of data, low field costs.
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16. Computer Aided Survey Services
• Researcher can analyze when field survey is in progress.
• Data can be cleaned up and errors can be fixed.
• Bias can be eliminated.
• Skip patterns can be programmed.
• Questions can be customized according to the
respondent.
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17. QUESTIONING TECHNIQUE
 Funneling
 Unbiased Questions
 Clarifying issues
 Help the respondent to think through issues
 Taking Notes
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18.  OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS TO GET A BROAD IDEA.
 THEN ASK MORE FOCUSED QUESTIONS.
 BRODER ------ NARROW.
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19.  Ask questions which gives least bias in responses.
 A loaded question influences the answers received
From the respondents.
 Bias could be introduced by emphasizing certain
Words, by tone and voice inflections and through
Improper suggestions.
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20.  The researcher should rephrase or restate important
information given by the respondents.
 To make sure that the researcher understands issues as
The respondent intends to represent them.
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21.  The researcher should ask questions in a
simpler way.
 If the respondent finds it difficult to
understand.
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22.  The researcher must take written notes.
 The information recalled from memory is imprecise
or often incorrect.
 If more than one interview is scheduled the information
received Increases.
 The interviews can be recorded on tape if there is no objection.
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23. Thank You
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