This document discusses various methods for collecting data, including primary and secondary data collection. It describes survey methods, observation methods, and experimental methods for collecting primary data. It also discusses collecting secondary data from sources like government offices and publications. The document outlines different research instruments for data collection, including questionnaires, schedules, audits, and panels. It provides details on closed-ended, open-ended, and combination questionnaires. Finally, it compares methods of primary data collection like personal interviews, telephone surveys, mail surveys, and computer interviews.
Different Methods of Collection of DataP. Veeresha
Data collection is a term used to describe a process of preparing and collecting data.
Data are the basic inputs to any decision making process in any fields like education, business, industries…. etc
The primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in character. It is real time data and which are collected by the researcher himself.
Secondary data means data that are already available i.e., they refer to the data which have already been collected and analyzed by someone else.
Data Analysis week 8 presentation - Survey and Quantitative Observation Techn...Ellie Hendrick
Our final power point presentation on survey and quantitative observation techniques. For week 8 Data Analysis Lecture. By Ellie, Lizzie, Ed, Stephen and Jessica
Different Methods of Collection of DataP. Veeresha
Data collection is a term used to describe a process of preparing and collecting data.
Data are the basic inputs to any decision making process in any fields like education, business, industries…. etc
The primary data are those which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happen to be original in character. It is real time data and which are collected by the researcher himself.
Secondary data means data that are already available i.e., they refer to the data which have already been collected and analyzed by someone else.
Data Analysis week 8 presentation - Survey and Quantitative Observation Techn...Ellie Hendrick
Our final power point presentation on survey and quantitative observation techniques. For week 8 Data Analysis Lecture. By Ellie, Lizzie, Ed, Stephen and Jessica
Running head THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SURVEYS.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SURVEYS
Unit Six Assignment Essay
Nicholas George Christakis
California Intercontinental University
MKT 645 -2016 CT4
June 20, 2016
To: Dr. Debra McCoskey-Reisert
MARKETING RESEARCH
Market research is a systematic way to gather, evaluate and present it in a form that explains various facts and figures to the business. Collected information acts as a vital tool to have increments in business activities, qualitative work done and improved profits. Any company, whether small scale or large scale, can perform market research before marketing its products or services. It can also be useful when launching a new product or diversifying the business. It is useful as well when a company has to expand its business globally. It avails numerous benefits to the businesses.
Among the different methods of data gathering for research purposes, many researchers due to its various advantages, strengths and benefits prefer the survey method. However, surveys also have their disadvantages and weak points that must be considered.
Advantages of Marketing Surveys
Market research is a scheduled method to collect, analyze and correlate beneficial data for the benefit of business to make strategic decisions. Collected information acts as a vital tool to have increments in business activities, qualitative work done and improved profits. Any company, whether small scale or large scale, can perform market research before selling its products or services. It can also be useful when launching a new product or diversifying the business. It is useful as well when a company has to expand its business globally. It avails numerous benefits to the companies.
Among the different methods of data gathering for research purposes, many researchers due to its various advantages, strengths and benefits prefer the survey method. However, surveys also have their disadvantages and weak points that must be considered.
Online surveys and mobile surveys tend to be the most cost-effective modes of survey research, yet they may not reach those respondents that can only respond using alternate modes. Results of online surveys and mobile surveys may suffer and differ greatly if important respondents are left out of the research. Hard-to-reach respondents may be easier to reach using more traditional methods such as paper surveys or face-to-face interviews. The self-completed postal or mail survey is a recognized form of data collection in marketing research (Dillman 1978). There are well- documented practical problems with this form of data collection: poor response rates, slow response, and manual transcription of data from a hard copy questionnaire to an appropriate statistical analysis tool. Non- response and data entry errors may result. Consequently, research into online data collection methods increased significantly during the late 1990s. This was preceded by (1) a growing number of Internet and email users, which started ...
Marketing research that is the foundation of a successful marketing plan/campaign.
Why marketing research is important
If you need a copy of the Power point presentation email your request @ dngrtz2000@hotmail.com, will send you your copy immediately.
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
Graph algorithms, like PageRank Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) is an adjacency-list based graph representation that is
Multiply with different modes (map)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector multiply.
2. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector multiply.
Sum with different storage types (reduce)
1. Performance of vector element sum using float vs bfloat16 as the storage type.
Sum with different modes (reduce)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector element sum.
2. Performance of memcpy vs in-place based CUDA based vector element sum.
3. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (memcpy).
4. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Sum with in-place strategies of CUDA mode (reduce)
1. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Running head THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SURVEYS.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SURVEYS
Unit Six Assignment Essay
Nicholas George Christakis
California Intercontinental University
MKT 645 -2016 CT4
June 20, 2016
To: Dr. Debra McCoskey-Reisert
MARKETING RESEARCH
Market research is a systematic way to gather, evaluate and present it in a form that explains various facts and figures to the business. Collected information acts as a vital tool to have increments in business activities, qualitative work done and improved profits. Any company, whether small scale or large scale, can perform market research before marketing its products or services. It can also be useful when launching a new product or diversifying the business. It is useful as well when a company has to expand its business globally. It avails numerous benefits to the businesses.
Among the different methods of data gathering for research purposes, many researchers due to its various advantages, strengths and benefits prefer the survey method. However, surveys also have their disadvantages and weak points that must be considered.
Advantages of Marketing Surveys
Market research is a scheduled method to collect, analyze and correlate beneficial data for the benefit of business to make strategic decisions. Collected information acts as a vital tool to have increments in business activities, qualitative work done and improved profits. Any company, whether small scale or large scale, can perform market research before selling its products or services. It can also be useful when launching a new product or diversifying the business. It is useful as well when a company has to expand its business globally. It avails numerous benefits to the companies.
Among the different methods of data gathering for research purposes, many researchers due to its various advantages, strengths and benefits prefer the survey method. However, surveys also have their disadvantages and weak points that must be considered.
Online surveys and mobile surveys tend to be the most cost-effective modes of survey research, yet they may not reach those respondents that can only respond using alternate modes. Results of online surveys and mobile surveys may suffer and differ greatly if important respondents are left out of the research. Hard-to-reach respondents may be easier to reach using more traditional methods such as paper surveys or face-to-face interviews. The self-completed postal or mail survey is a recognized form of data collection in marketing research (Dillman 1978). There are well- documented practical problems with this form of data collection: poor response rates, slow response, and manual transcription of data from a hard copy questionnaire to an appropriate statistical analysis tool. Non- response and data entry errors may result. Consequently, research into online data collection methods increased significantly during the late 1990s. This was preceded by (1) a growing number of Internet and email users, which started ...
Marketing research that is the foundation of a successful marketing plan/campaign.
Why marketing research is important
If you need a copy of the Power point presentation email your request @ dngrtz2000@hotmail.com, will send you your copy immediately.
Adjusting primitives for graph : SHORT REPORT / NOTESSubhajit Sahu
Graph algorithms, like PageRank Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) is an adjacency-list based graph representation that is
Multiply with different modes (map)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector multiply.
2. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector multiply.
Sum with different storage types (reduce)
1. Performance of vector element sum using float vs bfloat16 as the storage type.
Sum with different modes (reduce)
1. Performance of sequential execution based vs OpenMP based vector element sum.
2. Performance of memcpy vs in-place based CUDA based vector element sum.
3. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (memcpy).
4. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Sum with in-place strategies of CUDA mode (reduce)
1. Comparing various launch configs for CUDA based vector element sum (in-place).
Levelwise PageRank with Loop-Based Dead End Handling Strategy : SHORT REPORT ...Subhajit Sahu
Abstract — Levelwise PageRank is an alternative method of PageRank computation which decomposes the input graph into a directed acyclic block-graph of strongly connected components, and processes them in topological order, one level at a time. This enables calculation for ranks in a distributed fashion without per-iteration communication, unlike the standard method where all vertices are processed in each iteration. It however comes with a precondition of the absence of dead ends in the input graph. Here, the native non-distributed performance of Levelwise PageRank was compared against Monolithic PageRank on a CPU as well as a GPU. To ensure a fair comparison, Monolithic PageRank was also performed on a graph where vertices were split by components. Results indicate that Levelwise PageRank is about as fast as Monolithic PageRank on the CPU, but quite a bit slower on the GPU. Slowdown on the GPU is likely caused by a large submission of small workloads, and expected to be non-issue when the computation is performed on massive graphs.
Analysis insight about a Flyball dog competition team's performanceroli9797
Insight of my analysis about a Flyball dog competition team's last year performance. Find more: https://github.com/rolandnagy-ds/flyball_race_analysis/tree/main
Unleashing the Power of Data_ Choosing a Trusted Analytics Platform.pdfEnterprise Wired
In this guide, we'll explore the key considerations and features to look for when choosing a Trusted analytics platform that meets your organization's needs and delivers actionable intelligence you can trust.
Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation - Final Version - 5.23...John Andrews
SlideShare Description for "Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation"
Title: Chatty Kathy: Enhancing Physical Activity Among Older Adults
Description:
Discover how Chatty Kathy, an innovative project developed at the UNC Bootcamp, aims to tackle the challenge of low physical activity among older adults. Our AI-driven solution uses peer interaction to boost and sustain exercise levels, significantly improving health outcomes. This presentation covers our problem statement, the rationale behind Chatty Kathy, synthetic data and persona creation, model performance metrics, a visual demonstration of the project, and potential future developments. Join us for an insightful Q&A session to explore the potential of this groundbreaking project.
Project Team: Jay Requarth, Jana Avery, John Andrews, Dr. Dick Davis II, Nee Buntoum, Nam Yeongjin & Mat Nicholas
Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
Enhanced Enterprise Intelligence with your personal AI Data Copilot.pdfGetInData
Recently we have observed the rise of open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) that are community-driven or developed by the AI market leaders, such as Meta (Llama3), Databricks (DBRX) and Snowflake (Arctic). On the other hand, there is a growth in interest in specialized, carefully fine-tuned yet relatively small models that can efficiently assist programmers in day-to-day tasks. Finally, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architectures have gained a lot of traction as the preferred approach for LLMs context and prompt augmentation for building conversational SQL data copilots, code copilots and chatbots.
In this presentation, we will show how we built upon these three concepts a robust Data Copilot that can help to democratize access to company data assets and boost performance of everyone working with data platforms.
Why do we need yet another (open-source ) Copilot?
How can we build one?
Architecture and evaluation
The Building Blocks of QuestDB, a Time Series Databasejavier ramirez
Talk Delivered at Valencia Codes Meetup 2024-06.
Traditionally, databases have treated timestamps just as another data type. However, when performing real-time analytics, timestamps should be first class citizens and we need rich time semantics to get the most out of our data. We also need to deal with ever growing datasets while keeping performant, which is as fun as it sounds.
It is no wonder time-series databases are now more popular than ever before. Join me in this session to learn about the internal architecture and building blocks of QuestDB, an open source time-series database designed for speed. We will also review a history of some of the changes we have gone over the past two years to deal with late and unordered data, non-blocking writes, read-replicas, or faster batch ingestion.
06-04-2024 - NYC Tech Week - Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
https://www.meetup.com/unstructured-data-meetup-new-york/
This meetup is for people working in unstructured data. Speakers will come present about related topics such as vector databases, LLMs, and managing data at scale. The intended audience of this group includes roles like machine learning engineers, data scientists, data engineers, software engineers, and PMs.This meetup was formerly Milvus Meetup, and is sponsored by Zilliz maintainers of Milvus.
2. There are two types of data:
Primary data: (Collected for the first time).
Secondary data:(those which have already been
collected and analysed by someone else).
3. Survey method can be used for the collection of
primary data from the sample population by direct
personal interview with the help of pre-tested
schedule twice in a year. The enquiry aimed to
collection of information’s about the specific study.
(cost and returns involved in the production and
marketing of milk).
4. Observation method
Survey method
Mail questionnaires
Contact method Telephone interviewing
Personal interviewing
Experimental method
5. The secondary data can be collected from
block offices, district statistical offices, and
from periodical journals, magazines and
literature available during the course of the
study ‘or’ related period. The data can be
collected regarding relevant information for
the study (population and production, input
output prices etc).
7. The construction of a research instrument or tool
for data collection is the most important aspect of
a research project, because anything you say by
way of findings ‘or’ conclusions is based up to the
type of information you collect, and data you
collect is entirely dependent upon the questions
that you ask of your respondents. The research
tool provides the inputs into a study and therefore
the quality and validity of the output (findings) are
solely dependents on it.
8. Questionnaires
Schedules
Distributor or store audits
Pantry audits
Consumer panels
Use of mechanical devices
Projective techniques
9. A questionnaire consists of a set of questions
presented to a respondents for answers.
The respondents read the questions, interpret what is
expected and then write down the answers
themselves.The questionnaire is very flexible tool of
research.
Questionnaire should be developed and tested
carefully before being used on a large scale.
10. There are three basic types of questionnaire:
Closed- ended questionnaire
Open-ended questionnaire
Combination of both
11. Closed ended questions include all possible
answer/prewritten response categories, and
respondents are asked to choose among them.
E.g. multiple choice questions, scale questions.
Type of questions used to generate statistics in
quantitative research.
As these follow a set format, and most responses can
be entered easily into a computer for ease of analysis,
greater numbers can be distributed.
Closed ended questionnaire might be used to find out
how many people use a service
12. Open ended questions allow respondents to answer in
their own words.
Questionnaire does not contain boxes to tick but
instead leaves a blank section for response to write in
an answer.
Open ended questionnaire might be used to find out
what people think about a service.
As there are no standard answer to these questions,
data analysis is more complex.
As it is opinions which are sought rather than numbers
,fewer questionnaires need to be distributed.
13. This way it is possible to find out how many people use
a service and what they think of the service in the
same form.
Begins with a series of closed-ended questions ,with
boxes to tick or scale to rank, and then finish with a
section of open- ended questions ‘or’ more detailed
response.
14. This method of data collection is very much like the
collection of data through questionnaire, with little
difference.
Schedules (Performa containing a set of questions) are
being filled in by numerators who are specially appointed
for the propose.
These numerators along with schedules, go to respondents,
put to them the questions from the Performa in the order
the questions are listed and record replies in the space
meant for the same in the Performa.
In certain situations, schedules may be handed over to
respondents and numerators may help them in recording
their answers to various questions in the said schedules.
15. This method of data collection is very useful in
extensive enquiries and can lead to fairly reliable
results.
It is , however very expensive and is usually adopted in
investigations conducted by govt. agencies or by some
big organizations.
Population census all over the world is conducted
through this method.
16. Be certain that your distributors, dealers and suppliers are
complying with contractual agreements. distributor
audits take these considerations into account:
Are distributors selling what they say they’re selling?
Are they over-reporting discounts or rebates?
Is product being diverted to unauthorized parties?
Is market product finding its way onto distributors' shelves
or into their warehouses?
Are you overpaying rebates because of incorrect reporting
of end user sales?
Is your profitability being reduced by errors or
mismanagement in your channel?
17. A consumer panel is a marketing term referring to a
group of people that is carefully selected and their
purchasing habits are regularly monitored. The
information may also be on media consumption or life-
style activities.
18. In conducting a pantry audit, a random sample of
the advertiser's target market is first selected.
Questionnaires are then mailed or telephone
solicitations are completed to determine what
items are stocked in a consumer's kitchen.
For example, if the pantry audit revealed that
the majority of pantries sampled had half a box
of spice that was a year old, it might result in a
decision to package the spice in smaller
quantities.
19. 12/17/2022 19
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Modes of Primary Data Collection
o Personal interviews
o Telephone survey
o Mail survey
o Computer direct interviews (E-
mail surveys)
20. 12/17/2022 20
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Personal interviews:
- requires a person known as the
interviewer asking questions in a
face to face contact
- interviewer often acts as a catalyst
Modes of Primary Data Collection
21. 12/17/2022 21
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Personal interviews:
Advantages:
- More information in greater depth can be
obtain
- Interviewer by his own skill can overcome the
resistance, if any, of the respondents
- There is greater flexibility under this method to
restructure questions if require
- Personal information can well obtained easily
- No difficulty of non-response, missing return
remains very low.
- Interviewer can control which person will
answer the questions
- Supplementary information can collect
22. 12/17/2022 22
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Personal interviews:
Disadvantages:
- It is very expensive, when large & widely spread
geographical sample is taken
- Possibility of the bias of interviewer as well as
respondent; also remains headache of
supervision and control of interviewer
- Certain types of respondents like important
officials or executives or people in high income
group may not be approachable
- Relatively more time consuming with large
sample
- trained, qualified interviewer staff is required
- Interviewing at times may introduce systematic
error
23. 12/17/2022 23
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Telephone interviews:
- Collecting information in contacting
respondents on telephone itself.
- It is not widely used method, but
plays important part in industrial
surveys particularly in developed
regions
Modes of Primary Data Collection
24. 12/17/2022 24
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Telephone interviews:
Advantages:
- More flexible in compared to mailing
method
- Faster than other methods
- Cheaper than personal interview
- Re-call is easy; callback are simple and
economical
- No field staff is required
- Representative and wider distribution of
sample is possible
25. 12/17/2022 25
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Telephone interviews:
Disadvantages:
- Little time is given to respondents for
answers
- Restricted to respondents who have
telephone facility
- Extensive geographical coverage may get
restricted by cost consideration
- Not suitable for intensive survey (more
questions)
- Possibility of the bias of interviewer is more
- Short questions & to the point probes
difficult to handle
26. 12/17/2022 26
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Computer Direct Interviews:
Advantage:
- Data entry and editing costs are
eliminated
Disadvantages:
- Respondents have limited access to a
computer
Modes of Primary Data Collection
27. 12/17/2022 27
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Schedule method:
- This method is quite similar of data
through questionnaire, with little
difference that schedule (Performa
containing a set of questions) are being
filled by enumerator who are specially
appointed for the purpose
Modes of Primary Data Collection
28. 12/17/2022 28
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Questionnaire method:
- Quite popular, particularly in case of big
inquiries
- Consists of no. of questions in definite order
- In this method questionnaire is sent (usually
by post) to respondent – read & understand the
question- reply the answer in the space for
purpose - return the questionnaire
Modes of Data Collection
29. 12/17/2022 29
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Questionnaire method:
Advantages :
- Low cost even when the universe is large &
widely spread geographically
- It is free from bias of interviewer, answers
are in own words of respondents
- Respondent have adequate time to give well
thought answers
- Respondents, who are not easily
approachable, can also reached conveniently
- Large sample can be made, thus, more
reliable results
30. 12/17/2022 30
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Questionnaire method:
Disadvantages :
- Low rate of return of filled questionnaire
- It can be used only when respondents are
educated and cooperating
- The control over questionnaire may be lost
once it is sent
- It is difficult to know whether willing
respondent are truly representative
- Possibility of ambiguous replies,
interpretation is difficult for omitted
questions
- This method is likely to be the slowest of all
31. 12/17/2022 31
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Questionnaire method:
- Always advisable to conduct Pilot survey
for testing the questionnaire
- Pilot survey is replica or rehearsal of
main survey
- Pilot survey being conducted by experts
to brings to the light the weaknesses if
any of questionnaires and also the survey
techniques
32. 12/17/2022 32
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Questionnaire method:
Questionnaire is the heart of survey
- So, it should be very carefully
constructed, otherwise survey is bound
to fail
- Main aspect of questionnaire
- General form
- Question sequence
- Question formulation and
- Wording
33. 12/17/2022 33
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
1. General form
- Structured and Unstructured
questionnaire
- Structured questionnaire
- In which definite, concrete and pre-
determined questions
- Simple to administrator and
relatively inexpansive
- Unstructured questionnaire
- Interviewer is provided with general
guideline on the type of information
to be obtain
34. 12/17/2022 34
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
2. Question sequence
- For making questionnaire effective & to ensure
the quality of responses, sequence is
important
- Questions with easiest answer being put in the
beginning
- Opening questions should be such to create
human interest
- Following type questions should be avoided as
opening question
- Question put too much strain on memory
- Question of personal character
- Question related to personal wealth
35. 12/17/2022 35
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
2. Question sequence
- Relatively difficult questions must be put
towards the end
- Question-sequence should be usually go from
general to the more specific
36. 12/17/2022 36
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
3. Question formulation and wording
- Each question must be very clear for any
misunderstanding can do harm to the study
- All questions should meet following standards
- should easily understood
- should be simple i.e. convey one thought at
a time
- should be concrete & conform as possible
to the respondent’s way of thinking
e.g. How many razor blades do you use
annually?
How many razor blades did you use last week?
37. 12/17/2022 37
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Two types of questions : open format and
closed format
Open format questions ask for impulsive
opinion i.e. no pre-determined set of
responses
Closed format questions usually take the
form of a multiple choice questions
38. 12/17/2022 38
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Open format questions
Advantages : wider variety of responses
truly reflect the opinions of the
respondents
Disadvantages :
- require more thought and time on the
part of the respondent
- no way to automatically tabulate or
perform statistical analysis
39. 12/17/2022 39
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Closed format questions
Advantages : saves time and reduces the
respondent burden
Disadvantages :
Response category do not adequately
describe what the respondent wants to
convey
40. 12/17/2022 40
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Essentials of good questionnaire
- Questionnaire should be comparatively short
and simple i.e. size of questionnaire should be
kept to the minimum
- Questions should proceed in logical sequence
moving from easy to more difficult questions
- Technical terms & vague expression capable
of different interpretation should be avoided
- Questions may be dichotomous, multiple
choice
- Less open ended question included to avoid
difficult statistical analysis
41. 12/17/2022 41
Preparation of Questionnarie & Data Collection
Essentials of good questionnaire
- Some control question should be in
questionnaire which indicate the reliability of
respondent
- Control questions, thus, introduce a cross
check to see whether the information
collected is correct or not?
- e.g. a question designed to determine the
consumption of particular material may be
asked first in terms of financial expenditure
and later in terms of weight.