GRAPHIC MATERIALS
by: (CRIS ANN C. JUMAWID)
What is Graphics?
“Graphikos” means painting as well as drawing. “Graphein” means to write as well as to represent by means of lines.
Graphic Materials
The presentation of information in the form of diagrams and illustrations instead of words or numbers.
It should be simple, bold, legible, brief and have adequate margins.
Advantages of Graphic Materials
-They are capable of attracting attention.
-They convey ideas through simple, bold, legible, brief, non-verbal experiences during teaching learning process.
-They facilitate the formation of mental images so basic to learning.
-They present ideas in the form of a picture or a sketch.
-They convey certain types of information in a condensed and summarized form.
-They present information quickly and effectively.
Kinds of Graphic Material
A. CHARTS
-They are combinations of graphic and pictorial media designed for orderly and logical visualizing of relationship between key facts or ideas.
Objectives of Charts
-To summarize information.
-To show relationship by means of facts, figures or statistics.
-To present materials symbolically.
-To present abstract concepts in visual form.
Types of Charts
Tree Charts
These are developed from a base composes of several roots which lead into trunk..
Flow Charts
It shows the organization of a student council or a unit of government or the development of a manufacturing process.
Table Charts
Used for comparisons or for listing advantages and disadvantages of a business or an organization.
B. DIAGRAMS
A condensed drawing consisting of lines and symbols which represent the object or process.
(Ex. Venn Diagrams, Cycle Diagrams, Radial Diagrams, Target Diagrams, Pyramid Diagrams)
C. GRAPHS
-Visual representation of a numerical data. Requires little explanation.
Types of Graphs
Line Graph used frequently in plotting relationship between changes in a set of data.
Pie Graph these are used to show how a whole divided into parts.
Bar Graph these consists of bars, either horizontally or vertically
Pictograph these use pictures to represent and compare numerical data.
D. MAPS
An accurate representation on a plane surface in the form of a diagram drawn to scale the details of boundaries of continents, countries, etc.
E. ILLUSTRATIONS
It can be hand-drawn, photographic reproductions, lithographic reproductions.
It does not require any lengthy explanation.
GRAPHIC MATERIALS
by: (CRIS ANN C. JUMAWID)
What is Graphics?
“Graphikos” means painting as well as drawing. “Graphein” means to write as well as to represent by means of lines.
Graphic Materials
The presentation of information in the form of diagrams and illustrations instead of words or numbers.
It should be simple, bold, legible, brief and have adequate margins.
Advantages of Graphic Materials
-They are capable of attracting attention.
-They convey ideas through simple, bold, legible, brief, non-verbal experiences during teaching learning process.
-They facilitate the formation of mental images so basic to learning.
-They present ideas in the form of a picture or a sketch.
-They convey certain types of information in a condensed and summarized form.
-They present information quickly and effectively.
Kinds of Graphic Material
A. CHARTS
-They are combinations of graphic and pictorial media designed for orderly and logical visualizing of relationship between key facts or ideas.
Objectives of Charts
-To summarize information.
-To show relationship by means of facts, figures or statistics.
-To present materials symbolically.
-To present abstract concepts in visual form.
Types of Charts
Tree Charts
These are developed from a base composes of several roots which lead into trunk..
Flow Charts
It shows the organization of a student council or a unit of government or the development of a manufacturing process.
Table Charts
Used for comparisons or for listing advantages and disadvantages of a business or an organization.
B. DIAGRAMS
A condensed drawing consisting of lines and symbols which represent the object or process.
(Ex. Venn Diagrams, Cycle Diagrams, Radial Diagrams, Target Diagrams, Pyramid Diagrams)
C. GRAPHS
-Visual representation of a numerical data. Requires little explanation.
Types of Graphs
Line Graph used frequently in plotting relationship between changes in a set of data.
Pie Graph these are used to show how a whole divided into parts.
Bar Graph these consists of bars, either horizontally or vertically
Pictograph these use pictures to represent and compare numerical data.
D. MAPS
An accurate representation on a plane surface in the form of a diagram drawn to scale the details of boundaries of continents, countries, etc.
E. ILLUSTRATIONS
It can be hand-drawn, photographic reproductions, lithographic reproductions.
It does not require any lengthy explanation.
Classifying instructional media: Dale's Cone of Experience, Bruner's Three-Fold Analysis of Experience and Hoban, Hoban and Zisman Hierarchy of Abstraction
3. The term graphics comes from the Greek
word graphein which means “to write”, “to
draw” or “to present by lines”. Graphics are
instructional materials which present
summarized information and ideas through
drawings, words, pictures, and symbols.
Graphics are generally abstract.
4. Drawings and Illustrations
Drawings and illustrations are non
photographic reconstructions or representations of reality,
etched or drawn by an illustrator. Illustrations serve a variety of
functions such as:
- giving faces to characters in a story;
- Displaying a numbers of examples of an item described in a
textbook;
- Visualizing stepwise sets o instructions in a technical manual;
- Communicating subtle thematic tone in a narrative; and
- Making a reader laugh or smile.
7. CHARTS
• Charts are instructional materials which
present relationships such as
chronologies, quantities and hierarchies.
They usually appear as tables and
flowcharts, and present a combination of
pictorial, graphic, numerical or verbal
materials.
14. DIAGRAMS
• Although considered as charts, these consist
of lines and symbols that show the
relationships or key features of a process, an
object or an area. Diagrams could be very
abstract such as construction blueprints or
very simple such as diagrams showing
relationships of verbs, subject or other parts
of speech in English grammar classes
15. Different Types of Diagrams
• Venn Diagram
• Cycle Diagram
• Radial Diagram
• Pyramid Diagram
• Target Diagram
16. GRAPHS
• Graphs are instructional materials which
represent numerical data. Graphs also
illustrate relationships among units of data
and trends in the data. Graphs could be
produced from tabular charts, or could be
easily made through computer spreadsheet
applications, such as Microsoft Excel.
22. POSTERS
• Posters are materials which combine images,
lines, colors, and words. These materials
intend to present a brief, persuasive message.
Posters may be obtained from a variety of
sources. These can also be prepared by
teachers and students.
• A good poster is simple and should be able to
convey a message quickly.
23. CARTOONS AND STRIP DRAWINGS
• Cartoons are colorful line drawings with
exaggerated features or symbols that provide
humor or satire. They usually appear in
newspaper, periodicals, and textbooks.
Cartoons also include comic strips or strip
drawings, which is a sequence of closely
related drawings intended to make important
social and political comments.
24. MAPS AND GLOBES
• Maps are instructional materials which
represent the Earth’s or portion of the Earth’s
surface. Globes, on the other hand, are
spherical models of the Earth. However, even
though a globe is three-dimensional, it can be
classified as a “graphic” because of the use of
symbols, words, and drawings.
25. Classification of Maps
• Physical maps – emphasize terrain and
topographical concepts
• Political maps – emphasize man-made
phenomena such as state, city or provincial
boundaries or location of highways or railroads or
government buildings
• Special purpose maps – these are the maps used
for perculiar purposes like those presenting
amount of rainfall, population distribution, and
travel routes.
26. Classification of Globes
• Political globes – show location and
boundaries of cities, provinces and other man-
made structures.
• Physical-political globes – show some political
features but emphasize land elevations and
ocean depths.
• Special purpose globe – these are globes
constructed for specific purposes such as
satellite globes, celestial globes, and physical
relief globes.