This document discusses the use of visual symbols in teaching, including different types of visual aids. It describes 7 categories of visual symbols: 1) drawings, 2) cartoons, 3) comic strips, 4) diagrams, 5) charts, 6) graphs, and 7) maps. Each category is explained and specific examples are provided, such as affinity diagrams, tree diagrams, fishbone diagrams, pie charts, bar graphs and physical, political, and economic maps. The document emphasizes that visual symbols can effectively summarize experiences and concepts, and are worth thousands of words.

1. Lesson 13
Teaching
with Visual
Symbols

2. “Visual Symbols will be
made meaningful if we
can use them as
summaries of our own
direct experiences or our
own rich indirect
experiences… A little can
stand for a lot!”

3. Abstraction
“…graphs and
images are worth
a thousand words…”

4. Visual Symbols

5. 1. Drawings
may not be the real thing but it
is better to have a concrete
visual aid than nothing.
it is good that our drawing
correctly represents the real
thing to avoid confusion.

7. 2. Cartoons
tells a story metaphorically, a
perfect cartoon needs no caption.
The lesser the artist depends on
words, the more effective the
symbolism.

9. 3. Strip Drawings
commonly called comics or
comic strips, these tell of very
short stories with pictures. These
can serve as motivation and
starter for the lesson.

11. 4. Diagram
any line drawing that shows
arrangement and relations as of
parts to the whole, relative
values, origins and development,
chronological fluctuations,
distribution and many more.”
(Dale, 1969)

12. Types of
Diagrams

13. Affinity Diagram
used to cluster apparently
unrelated data into natural
and meaningful groups.

15. Tree Diagram
used to chart out, in increasing
detail, the various tasks that must
be accomplished to complete a
project or achieve an objective.

16. Possible Outcomes When Three Coins are Tossed

17. Fishbone Diagram
also called cause-and-effect
diagram, it is a structured form of
brainstorming that graphically
shows the relationship of
possible causes to identify effect
or solution

18. Fishbone Diagram of the Causes of Blurry Photos

19. 5. Charts
a diagrammatic
representation of
relationships among
individuals within an
organization.

20. Types of Charts

21. Time Chart
a tabular time chart that
presents data in ordinal
sequence

22. Geologic Time Chart

23. Tree/Stream Charts
depicts development, growth
and change by beginning with
a single course which spread
out into many branches.

24. Genealogical Tree

25. Flow Chart
a visual way of charting or
showing a process from
beginning to end, this is a means
of analyzing a process. This
involves outlining every step in a
process.

27. Organizational Chart
this shows how one part
of the organization relates
to other parts of the
organization.

29. Comparison and
Contrast Chart
this is a chart in table form
that shows the similarities and
differences of two compared
data or object.

31. Pareto Chart
a type of bar chart, prioritized
in descending order of
magnitude or importance from
left to right

33. Gannt Chart
this is an activity time chart
which shows the days/period
to do an activity and the
activities to be done.

35. 6. Graphs
Images which come in varied
forms that visually show data
making one person seeing it
compare.

36. Types of Graphs

37. Pie or Circle Graph
this type of graph is circle
in form and is
recommended to show
parts of a whole.

39. Bar Graph
this type of graph is used in
comparing the magnitude of
similar items at different ties
or seeing relative sizes of the
parts of the whole.

41. Pictograph
this makes use of symbols or
pictures which serves as
representations of an amount
or a number. The symbol or
picture used is called a
LEGEND.

43. Graphic Organizers
graphics that help in the
organization of the content
or the subject matter
therefore making it easier
to understand

45. 7. Maps
this is “a representation of
the surface of the earth or
some part of it…” (Dale,
1969)

46. Kinds of Maps

47. Physical Map
combines in a singe
projection data like altitude,
temperature, rainfall,
precipitation, vegetation and
soil.

49. Relief Map
a three-dimensional
representation, this shows
contours of the physical data
of the earth or part of the
earth

51. Economic Map
also called COMMERCIAL
MAP, this map shows land
areas in relation to the
economy

53. Political Map
this map shows detailed
information about countries,
provinces, cities and towns
and roads and highways. It
also features oceans, rivers
and lakes.

55. Map Language

56. Scale
expressed in words and
figures, this shows how much
of the actual earth’s surface is
represented by a given
measurement on a map.

57. Symbols
these are mere lines or
traces which represent a
certain feature. These are
recognized by the LEGEND.

58. Colors
these represent the place
and its boundaries

59. Geographic Grids
the entire system of these grids are
called GRID LINES which are of two
kinds:
meridian – a north to south pole
line
parallel – lines drawn around a
globe with all points along each
line with an equal distance from
the pole

60. Other Measurements
LONGITUDE – the distance in
degrees of any place east or
west of the prime meridian
LATITUDE – the distance in
degrees of any place north or
south of the equator

61. END OF LESSON 13
Reporters:
Arnie A. Valera
Chariz Angel L. Arbol
Christine Joy A. Tag at