This document provides an overview of different types of visual symbols that can be used for teaching, including drawings, cartoons, strip drawings, diagrams, charts, graphs, and maps. It discusses how each visual symbol can help summarize experiences, tell stories, show relationships and processes, and compare data to aid understanding. Examples are given for different types of diagrams, charts, graphs, and maps, along with their purposes and components like legends and scales.

1. LESSON 13
Teaching with Visual
Symbols

2. “VISUAL SYMBOLS WILL BE MADE
MEANINGFUL IF WE CAN USE THEM AS
SUMMARIES OF OUR OWN DIRECT
EXPERIENCES OR OUR OWN RICH
INDIRECT EXPERIENCES… A LITTLE
CAN STAND FOR A LOT!”

3. ABSTRACTION
“…graphs and images are worth
a thousand words…”

4. VISUAL SYMBOLS

5. 1. DRAWINGS
may not be the real thing but it is better to have
a concrete visual aid than nothing.
it is good that our drawing correctly represents
the real thing to avoid confusion.

7. 2. CARTOONS
tells a story metaphorically, a perfect
cartoon needs no caption. The lesser the artist
depends on words, the more effective the
symbolism.

9. 3. STRIP DRAWINGS
commonly called comics or comic strips, these tell of very
short stories with pictures. These can serve as motivation and
starter for the lesson.

11. 4. DIAGRAM
any line drawing that shows arrangement and relations as
of parts to the whole, relative values, origins and
development, chronological fluctuations, distribution and
many more.” (Dale, 1969)

12. TYPES OF DIAGRAMS

13. AFFINITY DIAGRAM
used to cluster apparently unrelated data into natural and
meaningful groups.

15. TREE DIAGRAM
used to chart out, in increasing detail, the various tasks that
must be accomplished to complete a project or achieve an
objective.

16. POSSIBLE OUTCOMES WHEN THREE COINS ARE TOSSED

17. FISHBONE DIAGRAM
also called cause-and-effect diagram, it is a structured form
of brainstorming that graphically shows the relationship of
possible causes to identify effect or solution

18. FISHBONE DIAGRAM OF THE CAUSES OF BLURRY
PHOTOS

19. 5. CHARTS
a diagrammatic representation of relationships among
individuals within an organization.

20. TYPES OF CHARTS

21. TIME CHART
a tabular time chart that presents data in ordinal sequence

22. GEOLOGIC TIME CHART

23. TREE/STREAM CHARTS
depicts development, growth and change by beginning with
a single course which spread out into many branches.

24. GENEALOGICAL TREE

25. FLOW CHART
a visual way of charting or showing a process from beginning
to end, this is a means of analyzing a process. This involves
outlining every step in a process.

27. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
this shows how one part of the organization relates to other
parts of the organization.

29. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
CHART
this is a chart in table form that shows the similarities and
differences of two compared data or object.

31. PARETO CHART
a type of bar chart, prioritized in descending order of
magnitude or importance from left to right

33. GANNT CHART
this is an activity time chart which shows the days/period to
do an activity and the activities to be done.

35. 6. GRAPHS
Images which come in varied forms that visually show data
making one person seeing it compare.

36. TYPES OF GRAPHS

37. PIE OR CIRCLE GRAPH
this type of graph is circle in form and is recommended to
show parts of a whole.

39. BAR GRAPH
this type of graph is used in comparing the magnitude of
similar items at different ties or seeing relative sizes of the
parts of the whole.

40. PICTOGRAPH
this makes use of symbols or pictures which
serves as representations of an amount or a
number. The symbol or picture used is called a
LEGEND.

43. GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS
graphics that help in the organization of the content or the
subject matter therefore making it easier to understand

45. 7. MAPS
this is “a representation of the surface of the earth or some
part of it…” (Dale, 1969)

46. KINDS OF MAPS

47. PHYSICAL MAP
combines in a singe projection data like altitude,
temperature, rainfall, precipitation, vegetation and soil.

49. RELIEF MAP
a three-dimensional representation, this shows contours of
the physical data of the earth or part of the earth

51. ECONOMIC MAP
also called COMMERCIAL MAP, this map shows land areas in
relation to the economy

53. POLITICAL MAP
this map shows detailed information about countries,
provinces, cities and towns and roads and highways. It also
features oceans, rivers and lakes.

55. MAP LANGUAGE

56. SCALE
expressed in words and figures, this shows how much of the
actual earth’s surface is represented by a given measurement
on a map.

57. SYMBOLS
these are mere lines or traces which represent a certain
feature. These are recognized by the LEGEND.

58. COLORS
these represent the place and its boundaries

59. GEOGRAPHIC GRIDS
the entire system of these grids are called GRID LINES
which are of two kinds:
meridian – a north to south pole line
parallel – lines drawn around a globe with all points
along each line with an equal distance from the pole

60. OTHER MEASUREMENTS
LONGITUDE – the distance in degrees of any place east
or west of the prime meridian
LATITUDE – the distance in degrees of any place north or
south of the equator

61. THANK YOU 
REPORTERS:
JENNIFER PUSING
MAY B. TENORIO
MARIA LIRA S. DEL ROSARIO