Q2 - SCIENCE 7 - LC 1.pptxgfhdhfhjgghfhf

History, Parts, Function
and Use of Microscope

LOOKING BACK
Direction: How the following are being observed.
Accomplish the table.
Organism What do we used to observed? (naked
eye, magnifying glass, or microscope)
Pet Dog
Covid Virus
Animal cell
Plant cell

Introduction
● (Greek: mikron = small and scopeos = to look).
● It is an instrument for viewing objects that are too
small to be seen by the naked or unaided eye.
● A tool that can help you see tiny objects and
organism.
● It makes the object look bigger because of its
magnifying power or what we call magnification.
Microscope

● The word 'microscope' was first coined by
Giovanni Faber in 1625 to describe an
instrument invented by Galileo in 1609.
● Galileo's design was a compound microscope —it
used an objective lens to collect light from a
specimen and a second lens to magnify the
image, but this was not the first microscope
invented.

Microscopy
● The science of investigating small
objects using such an instrument is
called microscopy.

HISTORY OF MICROSCOPE
● During the first century
Romans discovered a clear
thick glass with thin edges.
They found out that if you look
through an object using this
glass, the object would look
large. This is where the
discovery of lenses started.

Year Inventor Picture Features
First
century AD
(year 100)
Romans They were able to discover
a clear glass that was thick
in the middle and thin on the
edges and that if you look
through an object using this
glass object appear larger.
First Compound Microscope

1590 Zacharias
Janssen
and his
father
Hans
They took a tube and put
lenses on each end and
observed objects. He made
a very important discovery
of the first compound
microscope.
Magnifying Glass

1632-1723 Anton
Van
Leeuwenhoek
He is known as the “Father
of Microscopy Cells” He
made a simple microscope
and was the first to
observed bacteria, yeast,
red blood cells

and describe
colonies of
protozoans
teeming in a drop
of rain water which
he called
animalcules.

1665 Robert
Hooke
He spent time improving
the design and
capabilities of
microscope. He discover
tiny compartment cells.

1826 Joseph
Jackson
Lister
He developed an
achromatic lens and
used several weak
lenses together at given
distances resulting in
great magnification
without blurring images.
Much Compound Microscope

HISTORY OF MICROSCOPE
1931 Physicist
Ernst
Ruska and
Electrical
Engineer
Max Knoll
They developed the first
prototype electron
microscope, its capable
of four-hundred-power
magnification..
Much Compound Microscope

PARTS AND FUNCTIONS
OF MICROSCOPE
02

Three (3) Main Parts of the Microscope
● Mechanical part - use to support and
adjust the parts.
● Magnifying part - use to enlarge the
specimen.
● Illuminating part - use to provide
light.

● Microscope is an optical
instrument used to observe
small objects or details that are
not visible to the naked eye.
● It uses lenses to magnify the
image of the object being
examined, allowing the user to
see it in greater detail.
Parts of a Microscope and their Functions

▪ Eyepiece (Ocular Lens): The
lens at the top of the
microscope that you look
through, usually with a
magnification of 10x or 15x.
▪ The eyepiece, also called the
ocular lens, is the lens closest
to the user's eye when looking
through a microscope.
Parts of a Microscope and their Functions

▪ Arm: The part of the
microscope that connects the
base to the head and the
eyepiece tube. It is used to
carry the microscope.
▪ The arm is typically made of a
sturdy metal material to ensure
the microscope remains stable
and secure during use and
transport.

▪ Stage Clips: Metal clips on the
stage that hold the slide in place.
▪ Stage clips come in different
designs, such as spring-loaded
clips or screw-down clips. They
provide a stable platform to keep
the specimen centered and
focused as the user examines it
through the microscope.

▪ Coarse Adjustment Knob: A
larger knob used for focusing the
microscope. It moves the stage
or the body tube up and down to
bring the specimen into general
focus.
▪ Turning the coarse adjustment
knob moves the objective lens a
larger distance, allowing for
faster focusing.

▪ Fine Adjustment Knob: A
smaller knob used for fine-tuning
the focus of the specimen after
using the coarse adjustment
knob. It moves the stage slightly
to sharpen the image.
▪ The fine adjustment is essential
for getting the most detailed, high-
resolution observation of the
sample under the microscope.

▪ Draw Tube: The tube that connects
the eyepiece to the microscope
body.
▪ The draw tube is the cylindrical tube
that connects the eyepiece (ocular
lens) to the main body or frame of
the microscope. This is an important
component that enables the user to
optimize the performance and
viewing experience when using the
microscope.

▪ Revolving Nosepiece: The part
that holds two or more objective
lenses and can be rotated to
easily change power
(magnification).
▪ The revolving nosepiece is a
crucial part of the microscope that
gives the user the ability to easily
change magnification levels
simply by rotating the nosepiece.

▪ Objective: The lenses closest to
the specimen, that are typically of
varying magnifications (e.g., 4x,
10x, 40x, 100x).
▪ The different objective lenses
allow the user to view the
specimen at different levels of
magnification. The objective
lenses are the lenses closest to
the specimen being observed.

▪ Stage: The flat platform where
the slide is placed for observation.
▪ The stage is a fundamental part of
the microscope that enables the
user to properly prepare, position,
and focus on the specimen they
wish to observe and study. It's a
critical component for getting
high-quality, detailed images
through the microscope.

▪ Diaphragm (YOUNG Sheldon):
A rotating disk under the stage
with different sized holes. It is
used to vary the intensity and size
of the cone of light that is
projected upward into the slide.
▪ Illuminator: A light source
located at the base of the
microscope.

▪ Base: The bottom part of the
microscope that provides stability
and support. It houses the
illuminator and other electrical
components.
▪ The base is the foundation that the
rest of the microscope structure is
built upon. Its sturdy design helps
keep the microscope steady and
prevents it from tipping or moving
during use.

A. Preparing a Wet Mount Slide
1. Placing the specimen
▪ Use a clean microscope slide
▪ Add a small drop of water or
mounting medium to the center of
the slide
▪ Carefully place the specimen (e.g.
plant tissue, cheek cells) into the
drop
Microscope Operation and Techniques

A. Preparing a Wet Mount Slide
2. Adding a coverslip
▪ Gently lower a coverslip at a
45-degree angle onto the drop.
▪ Avoid trapping air bubbles
under the coverslip.

B. Adjusting the Focus
1. Using coarse and fine adjustment
knobs.
▪ Start with the lowest power objective
lens
▪ Use the coarse adjustment knob to
quickly bring the specimen into view
▪ Switch to the fine adjustment knob
to refine and sharpen the focus

B. Adjusting the Focus
2. Achieving optimal sharpness
▪ Observe the specimen and make
small, incremental turns of the fine
adjustment
▪ Continue adjusting until the image is
as clear and detailed as possible.

C. Controlling Illumination
1. Adjusting the light source brightness
▪ Use the diaphragm or light intensity
control to adjust the brightness
▪ Aim for even, consistent illumination
across the field of view

C. Controlling Illumination
2. Using the diaphragm or condenser
▪ The diaphragm controls the size of
the light beam.
▪ The condenser lens focuses the
light onto the specimen.
▪ Adjust these components to
optimize contrast and clarity

1. What is the function of the arm?
A. It is used to support the microscope when carried.
B. You look through to see the specimen.
C. Holds the slide in place.
D.Moves the stage up and down for focusing.

2. What is the function of the stage clips?
A. Magnification ranges from 10x to 40x.
B. Hold the slide in place.
C. Move the stage up and down to focus.
D. Support the microscope.

3. What is the function of the ocular lens?
A. It is used to regulate the amount of light on the
specimen.
B. To look to see the specimen.
C. Projects light upwards through the diaphragm, the
specimen, and the lenses.
D. Moves the stage up and down for focusing.

4. What is the function of the base?
A. It is used to support the microscope when
carried.
B. Moves the stage slightly to sharpen the image.
C. You look through to see the specimen.
D. It supports the microscope.

5. What is the function of the coarse adjustment
knob?
A. Supports the microscope.
B. Moves the stage up and down for focusing.
C. Holds the high and low power objectives. It can
be rotated to change the magnification.
D. Holds the slide in place.

6. Who coined the name ‘microscope’?
A. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
B. Robert Hooke
C. Giovanni Faber
D. Joseph Jackson Lister

7. He is known as the “Father of Microscopy
Cells”
B. Robert Hooke
C. Giovanni Faber

8. He developed an achromatic lens and used several
weak lenses.
B. Robert Hooke
C. Giovanni Faber

9. It is use to support and adjust the parts.
A. Mechanical part
B. Magnifying part
C. Illuminating part
D. Microscopic part

10. It is use to provide light.
.
A. Mechanical part
B. Magnifying part
C. Illuminating part
D. Microscopic part

Q2 - SCIENCE 7 - LC 1.pptxgfhdhfhjgghfhf

Q2 - SCIENCE 7 - LC 1.pptxgfhdhfhjgghfhf

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