this presentation will hepl you in studying and reviewing to cope up with your lessons. Because mirrors reflect light, they create an illusion of open space by doubling whatever is in a room. Interior decorators use mirrors to make rooms feel larger and more inviting than they truly may be. Certain styles of mirrors may give a room a certain atmosphere based on their appearance. Additionally, decorators may use lenses to reflect light or add color. They may place candles on mirrors to magnify the shimmering effect or use a series of prisms to create rainbows in a white room.
Use principles of reflection and refraction to describe how lenses and mirrors work.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
A detailed lesson plan in Science 8
I. Objectives
At the end of the period, the student must be able to:
1. Perform the activity 1: Colors of the rainbow…colors of light
2. Identify the different colors of light after passing through the prism
3. Describe and give the reason behind the hierarchy of colors based on the observed results of the activity
4. Explain how refraction and dispersion takes place
The present is on Instrumentation of various microscopes such as compound microscope, stereo microscope, polarized microscope, comparison microscope, fluorescent microscope, dark field microscope, electron microscope and it also discusses about the forensic applications of each microscope briefly.
Use principles of reflection and refraction to describe how lenses and mirrors work.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
A detailed lesson plan in Science 8
I. Objectives
At the end of the period, the student must be able to:
1. Perform the activity 1: Colors of the rainbow…colors of light
2. Identify the different colors of light after passing through the prism
3. Describe and give the reason behind the hierarchy of colors based on the observed results of the activity
4. Explain how refraction and dispersion takes place
The present is on Instrumentation of various microscopes such as compound microscope, stereo microscope, polarized microscope, comparison microscope, fluorescent microscope, dark field microscope, electron microscope and it also discusses about the forensic applications of each microscope briefly.
The contents of this presentation includes the history of telescope, types of telescopes: its definition, diagrams, uses, advantages and disadvantages.
Most of the times this study confused me...so, i just put some important points in one place to easily keep them in mind..hope it will help other students as well..and inform me, if a reader find anything new to improve it further.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
2. LEARNING COMPETENCY
IDENTIFY WAYS IN WHICH THE PROPERTIES OF MIRRORS
AND LENSES DETERMINE THEIR USE IN OPTICAL
INSTRUMENTS (E.G., CAMERAS AND BINOCULARS)
(S10FE-IIH-52)
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the Grade 10 students should be able to:
identify the uses of concave and convex mirrors
identify the uses of concave and convex lenses
explain the ways in which the properties of mirrors determine their use in
optical instruments (e.g., cameras and binoculars);
determine how the location of the object from the lenses/mirrors affect the
image formed.
3. MIRRORS
• A mirror is a reflective surface that bounces
off light, producing either a real image or a
virtual image. When an object is placed in
front of a mirror, the image of the same object
is seen in the mirror.
• Mirrors come also in three types, namely:
plane mirror, convex (diverging) and concave
(converging) mirrors.
5. PERISCOPES AND
KALEIDOSCOPES
• In submarines, the mirrors used in
periscopes reflect the images of any
ships present on the surface of the
sea.
• While mirrors used in
kaleidoscopes along with color glass
reflect many colorful patterns.
6. LOOKING GLASSES
• We wake up every morning and the first
thing we use is the mirror to see, to
brush, to do makeup etc. Without
mirrors, it would be very difficult to do
these activities.
SOLAR
COOKER
• In a solar cooker, a plane mirror reflects
most of the sunlight which falls on it. Solar
cooker is the most efficient way of using
renewable energy for cooking purposes.
8. 1.Concave mirrors are used in the
headlights of cars to produce a
parallel beam of light covering a
longer distance on the road.
VEHICLES HEADLIGHTS
2. The bulb is placed at the focus
point of the mirror because the light
rays that pass through the focus of a
concave mirror get reflected as rays
parallel to the principal axis of the
mirror.
3. This produces a high beam of
reflected light and makes the road
clearly visible to the driver.
9. SHAVING MIRRORS
SOLAR FURNACES
• A solar furnace works by using different
shapes of concave reflectors.
• Concave mirrors absorb all the incident solar
radiation, reflecting it to a single focal point.
• This reflected light concentrate all the thermal
energy received in a big area to a focal point.
The different types of concave mirrors reflect
sunlight to a single focal point.
• Shaving mirrors are concave mirror, so that
when you keep your face near to the focus of
the mirror, you get a magnified image.
10. • this type of mirror is what the dentist
used in magnifying the area behind
your teeth to check on cavities and
tooth decay.
DENTAL MIRRORS
MAKEUP MIRRORS
• can make it much easier to see the
details of your face and your
makeup when you don't have the
best eyesight.
13. REAR VIEW MIRROR FOR
VEHICLES
• is an adjustable reflective
device to give the driver a
view of the road, vehicles,
and objects behind the
car.
SHOP SECURITY MIRRORS
• Also, while in mall
supermarkets and in some
convenience stores, you may
notice mirrors hanging on
corners from which you can
see your reflection and those of
other people.
14. LENSES
• Like the mirror
,the lens is usually made of glass.
• The only thing that makes it different is that the lens
can also be made of other transparent materials like
plastics that allow light to pass through,instead of
bouncing the light rays off.
• Lenses come also in two types,namely:convex
(converging) and concave (diverging) lenses.
16. CAMERA: THE BASICS OF PHOTOGRAPHY
• The most important aspect of photography is
• No light is allowed into the camera, except for when the button is pushed.
• The and the are the two parts of the camera that
regulate the light that enters the camera.
The shutter is located in the camera box. It regulates the amount of light
by allowing it to pass through for a certain amount of time.
The aperture is located in the lens compartment. Its purpose is to control
the amount of light that reaches the film.
If either of these two parts doesn’t work properly, the picture will come out
looking as it should be.
17.
18. • DSLR camera uses convex lenses
where light rays pass through.
• These light rays are directed
towards the slanted mirror located
near the shutter, and then reflected
from a translucent screen projected
to another mirror until it reaches
the viewer’s eye.
• The image formed by the passing
of light rays, from the object
through the lens directing to the
film of the camera, is affected by
the angle of the light entry.
• The closer the lens to the object, the
farther the beams coverage.
• The farther the object from the
lens, the shorter the distance the
light beams converge.
19. TELESCOPES
REFRACTOR
• Objective lens – it is the first lens that light
from a celestial object passes through. The
light will then be inverted at the focal plane.
• Eyepiece lens – the second lens located
behind the focal plane which allows the
observer to view the enlarged/ magnified
image
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSC-71vXgh0
20. TELESCOPES
REFLECTOR
• These are used not only to examine the visible
region of the electromagnetic spectrum but also to
explore both the shorter- and longer-wavelength
regions adjacent to it (i.e., the ultraviolet and the
infrared).
• The name of this type of instrument is derived from
the fact that the primary mirror reflects the light
back to a focus instead of refracting it.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8wrp34-IXA
21. TELESCOPES
• A catadioptric telescope is an optical system that
is optimized for producing images of objects at an
infinite distance, and which incorporates both
refractive type optics (lenses) and reflective optics
(mirrors).
• The use of both mirror and lens optics produces
certain advantages in performance as well as in
the manufacturing process.
CATADIOPTRIC
• The term "catadioptric" results from two separate
words: "catoptric" referring to an optical system
which uses curved mirrors, and "dioptric"
referring to one which uses lenses.
22. BINOCULARS
• optical instrument, usually handheld, for providing a
magnified stereoscopic view of distant objects. It consists of
two similar telescopes, one for each eye, mounted on a single
frame.
23. COMPOUND MICROSCOPES
• is a microscope that uses multiple lenses (convex lenses) to enlarge the image of a
sample.
• Typically, a compound microscope is used for viewing samples at high
magnification (40 - 1000x), which is achieved by the combined effect of two sets of
lenses: the ocular lens (in the eyepiece) and the objective lenses (close to the sample).
The vast majority of microscopes have the same 'structural'
components:
1.Ocular (eyepiece) lens
2.Objective turret or Revolver (to hold multiple objective lenses)
3.Objective
4.Focus wheel to move the stage
5.Frame
6.Light source, a light or mirror
7.Diaphragm or condenser lens
8.Stage (to hold the sample)
9.Base
10.Phototube (for attaching a camera)
24.
25. • is a common vision condition
in which near objects appear
clear, but objects farther away
look blurry.
NEARSIGHTEDNESS (MYOPIA)
26. • is a visual condition in
which distant objects are
easier to see than near
objects.
FARSIGHTEDNESS (HYPEROPIA)