The document discusses the Pulse Polio Programme initiated in 1995 to eradicate polio in children under five years in India, achieving significant milestones with the last reported case in 2011. It highlights the program's objectives, including 100% oral polio vaccine coverage and high public morale, while outlining polio transmission, symptoms, and the importance of sanitation. India was declared polio-free by WHO in 2014 after no cases were reported for five years, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance and vaccination efforts.

1. Social And Preventive
Pharmacy
Pulse Polio Programme
By
Kaushal Kumar

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 02 03 04
Introduction Objective Life Cycle Out Come

3. Introduction
Polio is a viral disease that destroys the nerve cells present in
the spinal cord causing paralysis or muscle weakness to some
part of the body.
Pulse Polio Programme was launched in 1995 after a
resolution for a global initiative of polio eradication was
adopted by World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1988.
Children in the age group of 0-5 years administered polio
drops during National and Sub-national immunization rounds
(in high risk areas) every year.
About 172 million children are immunized during each National
Immunization Day (NID).

4. Objective
 Achieving hundred per cent coverage under Oral Polio Vaccine.
 To immunize children through improved social mobilization plan mop-up operations
in areas where poliovirus has almost disappeared.
 Maintain high level of morale among the public.
 To immunise those children who are not earlier immunised or are partially
immunized.
 To boost the immunity of children already immunised
 To replace disease carrying wild virus by harmless vaccine virus in the environment

5. Polio Casein India
According to the Ministry of Health, the last polio case in the country was
reported from Howrah district of west Bengal (13 January 2011). Type-1
Polio Virus
WHO on 24th February 2012 removed India from the list of countries with
active endemic wild polio virus transmission.
Last case of Wild Polio Virus Type 2 in India was reported in 1999.
On 27 March 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared India
a polio-free country, since no cases of wild polio been reported in for five
years.

6. Transmission
The WHO defines polio or poliomyelitis as a highly infectious viral disease, which
mainly affects young children.
The virus is transmitted by person-to-person, spread mainly through the faecal-oral
route or, less frequently , by a common vehicle (contaminated water or food),
multiplies in the intestine, from where it can invade the nervous system & can cause
paralysis.
Under the programme, all states & Union territories have developed Rapid Response
Team (RRT) to responed to any polio outbreak in the country.
To prevent the virus from coming to India, the govt. has since March 2014 made the
Oral Polio Vaccination (OPV) mandatory for those travelling between India & polio
affected countries such as (Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Kenya, Syria, Cameroon)

7. World Polio Day
World Polio Day was established by Rotary International on 24th Oct to celebrate the
birth of Jonas Salk, who developed a vaccine against Poliomyelitis.
Establishment of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988 reduce polio
world wide by 99%.
 Three individual & immunologically distinct wild poliovirus strains :
Wild Polio Virus Type 1 (WPV1)
Wild Polio Virus Type 2 (WPV2)
Wild Polio Virus Type 3 (WPV3)
They cause irreversible paralysis or even death.
 Two types of vaccines to prevent infection.
Oral Polio Vaccine - (OPV) Primary 3 dose (6, 10, 14) weeks and 1 booster dose at 16-24
months.
Inactivated Polio Vaccine - (IPV) Additional dose along with 3rd dose of DPT under the UIP.

8. Life Cycle Of Polio

9. Causes
Caused By – Polio Virus
Family – Picornaviruses, Rhinoviruses
Belongs to – Enteroviruses subgroup which consist 70 viruses of intestine
Incubation period – 3 days
Period of communicability – 10 days
Favorable environment – Rainy season
Smallest RNA Viruses, Contagious disease
Non Paralytic
Fever
Sore Throat
Headache
Arm & leg pain
Muscle tenderness
Vomiting
Paralytic
Loss of reflexes
Severe spasm
Muscles pain
High fever
Much weakness
Sudden paralyze
Symptoms

10. Outcome
India efforts to polio eradication is commendable.
It has a robust polio surveillance programme, which needs to be
continued. Such strong vaccination & surveillance programme should be
adopted for other preventable disease too.
Clean, safe drinking water & good sanitation are key to fighting the
spread of polio & making polio eradication programmes.
Thus, it is importance to improve sanitation & hygiene condition in the
country.

11. THANKS !
Do you have any questions?
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+91 9546688666