Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious viral disease that mainly affects children under 5 years old. While most infections cause no symptoms, it can sometimes lead to paralysis or death. There is no cure for polio, but vaccination provides lifelong protection. Global polio cases have decreased over 99% since 1988 due to vaccination efforts. Nepal eliminated indigenous polio in 2000 and participates in regional certification efforts. The national immunization program aims to provide equitable access to vaccines to prevent diseases like polio.

1. Poliomyelitis
public health prospective
Surya Narayan chaudhary
lecture
public heath department
koshi heath and science campus Biratnagar
MPH , MA (Sociology and anthropology )

2. Poliomylitis
• Poliomyelitis (polio) is a highly infectious viral disease, which mainly
affects young children.
• The poliovirus can easily be imported into a polio-free country and
can spread rapidly amongst unimmunized populations
• There is no cure for polio, it can only be prevented. Polio vaccine,
given multiple times, can protect a child for life.
A man with a smaller right leg due to poliomyelitis

3. • Polio (or poliomyelitis) is a disabling and life-
threatening disease caused by poliovirus,
which can infect a person’s spinal cord, leading
to paralysis.
• Most people infected with poliovirus have no
symptoms, and many recover without
complications. Some people will experience
sore throat, fever, tiredness, nausea,
headache, or stomach pain.

4. Poliomylitis
Causetive organism : poliovirus. : This group
of RNA viruses.
 incubation period, is usually 6 to 20 days,
with a maximum range of 3 to 35 days
Mode of disease transmission
The virus is transmitted by person-to-person
spread mainly through the faecal-oral route

6. Epi. triad

7. History
 polio epidemics were unknown before the 20th century, the
disease has caused paralysis and death for much of human history.
Over millennia, polio survived quietly as an endemic pathogen until
the 1900s when major epidemics began to occur in Europe.
 Soon after, widespread epidemics appeared in the United States.
By 1910, frequent epidemics became regular events throughout the
developed world primarily in cities during the summer months. At its
peak in the 1940s and 1950s, polio would paralyze or kill over half a
million people worldwide every year.
 Perhaps the earliest recorded case of poliomyelitis is that of Sir
Walter Scott. In 1773 Scott was said to have developed "a
severe teething fever which deprived him of the power of his right leg

8.  Two vaccines are used throughout the world
to combat polio. The first was developed
by Jonas Salk.
 First tested in 1952 using the HeLa cell, and
announced to the world by Salk on April 12,
1955.
 The Salk vaccine, or inactivated poliovirus
vaccine (IPV), consists of an injected dose of
killed poliovirus. In 1954, the vaccine was
tested for its ability to prevent polio

9. Epidemiology
• Wild poliovirus cases have decreased by over
99% since 1988, from an estimated 350 000
cases in more than 125 endemic countries
then, to 33 reported cases in 2018.
• Of the 3 strains of wild poliovirus (type 1, type
2, and type 3), wild poliovirus type 2 was
eradicated in 1999 and no case of wild
poliovirus type 3 has been found since the last
reported case in Nigeria in November 2012.

10. • Polio does still exist, although polio cases have
decreased by over 99% since 1988, from an
estimated more than 350 000 cases to 22
reported cases in 2017.
• This reduction is the result of the global effort
to eradicate the disease. Today, only 3
countries in the world have never stopped
transmission of polio Pakistan, Afghanistan
and Nigeria).

11. Key fact
 Polio (poliomyelitis) mainly affects children under 5 years of age.
 1 in 200 infections leads to irreversible paralysis. Among those
paralysed, 5% to 10% die when their breathing muscles become
immobilized.
 Cases due to wild poliovirus have decreased by over 99% since
1988, from an estimated 350 000 cases then, to 33 reported cases
in 2018.
 As long as a single child remains infected, children in all countries
are at risk of contracting polio.
 the global effort has expanded capacities by building effective
surveillance and immunization systems.
 An estimated 1.5 million childhood deaths have been prevented,
through the systematic administration of vitamin A during polio
immunization activities.

12. In Nepal
• Nepal eliminated indigenous polio in 2000 and
controlled outbreaks caused by polio importations
between 2005 and 2010.
• The country participated in the certification of wild
poliovirus elimination in the World Health Organization
(WHO) South-East Asia Region in 2014.
• Nepal’s polio eradication programme, created in 1998,
is funded by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative and
is affiliated with WHO’s Nepal country office.

13. In nepal
Comprehensive Multi-Year Plan for
Immunization (cMYP)
• The comprehensive Multi-year Plan for
Immunization (cMYP) 2012 - 16 ended in
2016 and new cMYP 2017-21 is in place. The
cMYP 2017-2021 provides a plan for five
years to achieve immunization related
• goals of the country.

14. • Vision
• Nepal: a country free of vaccine-preventable
diseases.
• Mission
To provide every child and mother high-quality,
safe and affordable vaccines and immunization
services from the National Immunization Program
in an equitable manner.
• Goal
Reduction of morbidity, mortality and disability
associated with vaccine preventable diseases.

16. National vaccination coverage by
vaccine FY 2074/75

17. National Routine Immunization Administrative Coverage (%),
Nepal, FY 2072/73 to 2074/75

18. Province wise coverage (%) of DPT-HepB-Hib 3, FY 2073/74 to
FY 2074/75

19. P3CE of polio virus
1 Heath promotion
 Personal hygiene
 Environment sanitation
 Proper utilization of toilet
 Breast feeding
2 Prevention
 Don’t touch ill people people are in healthy stage
 Use mask
 Hand wash
3 protection
Immunization of polio vaccine

20. 4 Control of Epidemic actions
Controlling the reservoir
1. Early diagnosis
2. Notification
3. Epidemiological investigations
4. Isolation
5. Quarantine
6 Interruption of transmission

21. 5 Encourage for early diagnosis and
compliance treatment
• Early diagnosis generally increases the
chances for successful treatment by focusing
on detecting symptomatic patients as early as
possible. Delays in accessing care are
common with late-stage presentation,
particularly in lower resource settings and
vulnerable populations.

22. Let’s give vaccine and save live

23. Reference
1 Annual report . government of Nepal ministry of heath and
population . Department of heath service 2074-2075
2 World heath organization . Accessed April 19, 2020
3 Central for disease control and prevention Accessed April 19, 2020
4 Collier, William Douglas . A history of English literature, in a series of
biographical sketches. 1872.
5 Dr maheshori jaykumari . epidemiology of Polio.
6 Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Accessed: April 19, 2020
7 Bahl S, Kumar R, Menabde N, Thapa A, McFarland J, Swezy V, et
al. Polio-free certification and lessons learned–South-East Asia
region, March 2014.