Poliomyelitis is an infectious viral disease caused by the poliovirus that affects the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. While once widespread globally, polio has been eliminated from most developed countries due to vaccination programs. India was the last country still reporting cases but has been polio-free since 2011 due to efforts like the Pulse Polio Immunization program. There are now strict surveillance measures and border control to maintain India's polio-free status.

2. Poliomyelitis is an acute highly
infectious viral disease caused by an
RNA polio virus basically affecting
the human alimentary tract but may
also infect the central nervous system
I.e :the brain,spinal cord and nerves.

3. Poliomyelitis was widely
Spread in all countriesof the world in the
prevaccination since 1954. Due to
extensive polio vaccinaction,The disease
has been eliminated from the developed
countries.The resolved to eradicate
Poliomyelitis from the world in 1988.

4. India was the only country
reporting polio cases in 2005. It reported 66
cases in 2005.during January 2011 to
march 2012 there was interruption of
endemic wild polio Virus circulation in
india last case of WPV3 was reported on 2
nd october 2010 in pukar jharkhand and
WPV1 on 13th January 2011 in howrah
West Bengal.

5. Agent factors: The causative agent is an RNA
polio virus which has three serotype 123.
 serotype 1 is the cause of most of the cases of
paralytic poliomyelitis. The virus can live in
feces for 6 months and in water for 4 months.
It is very well adapted for orofecal route
transmission.It can be easily inactivated
pasteurization and other physical and
chemical methods.

6.  Age: All ages are affected but
children are more susceptible than
adults most vulnerable age is
between 6 months to 3 years.
Sex: ratio of males to female is 3:1

7. During rainy season i.e
june & September most cases occurs
.flies contaminated food and water
are environmental factors which
transmit the infection

8. Transmition of polio occurs
indirectly through feco-oral route by
flies contaminated food water and
milk and directly by contaminated
fingers the infection may spread
during the acute as well as later stage
of the illness.

9. Droplet infection may
occurs during acute phase of the
disease when the virus is present in
the nasopharynx close personal
contact witb the infected person can
facilitate droplet spread.

10. Usually 7-14 days (rangers
from 3-35 days)

11. About 91-96%of infection are subclinical. i.e
inapperent infections.
 About 4-8% of infections are minor self limiting
infection with no symptoms.The patient quickly.
These are called abortive Polio infections
About 1%infections with Polio virus are non
Paralytic symptoms like those of meningitis.i.e
stiffness of neck ,pain in the neck and back
recovery is rapid. The disease is synonymous
with aseptic meningitis

12. There are two types of Polio vaccine
for active immunization.
1. Inactivated (Salk) Polio vaccine
(IPV)
2. Oral (Sabin) Polio vaccine (OPV)

13. IPV is Conastituted from all the
three WPV stains namely meihoney
(Salk type -1) ,MEF-1 (Salk type-2)
and saukett (Salk type-3) which are
grown in Vero cell culture or in
human diploid cells. The harvested
viral component are then inactivated
with formaldehyde.It is killed
vaccine.

14. IPV is administered by
intramuscular injection. The primary or
initial course of IPV consist 4 inoculation.
The first 3 doses are given at intervals of 1-
2months and 4th dose 6-12 months after the
third dose. The first dose is given usually
when the Infant is 6 weeks old prior to
school entry additional dose is given and
then every 5 years till the age of 18 years

15. It is most widely used vaccine .It contain
live attenuated( type -123) Polio vaccine virus.
It is given In 3 doses at monthly intervals as
part of national immunization programme.
First dose is given at 6 weeks of age of the
Infant and 2nd 3rd doses are given at 10th and
14th weeks. A zero dose is given to all infants
delivered in health institutions.opv is given
concurrently with DPT and BCG.The booster
dose Is given between 16-24 months.

16. Dose & mode transmission:
Two drops Of the OPV are
given orally with the dropper
supplied with the viral vial of
oral Polio vaccine.

17. Child having
diarrhoea,vomitting, dysentery and
fever should be given OPV. There is
no significant effect of breastfeeding
on the response of older infants to
OPV. Hot fluid such as milk should
not be given for at least ½ after giving
the vaccine.

18. They Can be stored at
4°c For An year and at room
temperature at 25°c for a month

19. During the may 1988 World
health assembly resolution was passed to
achieve the goal of polio eradication by
the year 2000.
The goal of polio eradication is
defined as no cases of poliomyelitis
associated with wild poliovirus
transmission found despite intensive
effort to do so.

20. Pulse polio immunization programme is
the largest ever conducted program for
immunization in the world in India is health
sector also, pulse polio immunization (PPI)
program is the largest endeavour PPIis a
gigantic program to control poliomyelitis
which is one of the six vaccine preventable
diseases.
. PPI in India launch date in December
1995 which is part of the global initiatives to
eradicate poliomyelitis by end of the year 2000

21.  Conduct PPI days every year.
 sustain high levels of routine
immunization coverage
 Monitor opv coverage at district
level and below.
 Improve surveillance
 Ensure rapid case investigation

22.  South east Asia region of wHo has been
certified polio free the regional certification
commission (RCC)on 27th March 2014 issued a
certificate which states that the commission
concludes From the evidence of provided by the
national certificate committee of the 11th
member states that the transmission of
indigenous wild poliovirus has been
interrupted in all countries of the region.

23.  India has achieved the goal of polio
eradication as no polio case has been
reported for more than three years after
last case reported on 13th January 2011
 There are 24 lakh m and 105 lakh
supervisor in world in the successful
implementation of the PPI program.

24.  Wh o on 24th February 2012
removed India from the list of
countries with active endemic Wild
polio virus transmission and on 27
March 2014 w h o declared India A
polio free countries with no case of
disease being reported in the last 3
years.

25. Steps taken by the government to
maintain polio free status in India:-
 A unit called National polio
surveillance unit (NPSU) established
in 1997 is located in New Delhi. NPSV
is needed by a program manager who is
an incumbent of WHO. so the entire
information systems on surveillance is
under the control of NPSU.

26.  Special booths are established in
areas bordering neighbouring
countries like Wagah border and
Attari train station in Punjab and
manabo train station in Barmer
district of Rajasthan to ensure that
all children under 5 years of age
coming from across the border are
given polio drops.

27.  Set up national committees
 Ensure adequate financial resources
 Assess vaccine requirements and
place indent
 Establish Structure and designate
responsibility

28. Develop A time schedule for each level
 Ensure excellent logistics for posts and
house teams
 Ensure effective social mobilization in all
Villages
Supervision
Transportation
Keep the press informed

29.  Listing of under 5 years children
area wise in a primary health centre
Calculate the vaccine requirements
including 10 percent wastage.
 Establish of booths in different
locations
Develop time schedule or plan of
action

30.  Implementation of the programme as per
the schedule
Supervision and monitoring at each level
Transportation of staff and vaccine to the
concerned Booth
Evaluation of the programme
Dipstick survay
Replanning

31. THANK YOU