World Polio Day is observed annually on October 24th to commemorate the birth of Dr. Jonas Salk, who developed the first polio vaccine. Polio is a highly infectious disease that primarily affects children under 5 and can cause paralysis. The number of polio cases has declined over 99% since 1988 due to a global effort to eradicate the disease through vaccination. India was once considered highly polio-affected but has been polio-free for two years due to a robust vaccination program. However, the risk of polio persists until Pakistan and Bangladesh are also polio-free.