Sigmund Freud

1. PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
Danielle G. Devilleres

2. Who is Sigmund Freud?
• Founder of
psychoanalysis and
psychoanalytic
theories
• Based on the belief
that developmental
changes occur because
of the influence of
internal drives and
emotions on behavior

3. The Conscious Mind
• Everything that we are
aware of
• Aspect of our mental
processing that we can
think and talk about
rationally

4. Preconscious Mind
• Memory
• Not always part of
consciousness but can
be retrieved easily at
any time and brought
into our awareness

5. The Unconscious Mind
• Reservoir of feelings,
thoughts, urges and
memories that is
outside of our
conscious awareness.

6. The Unconscious Mind
• Most are
unacceptable or
unpleasant such as
pain, anxiety or conflict
• Tend to influence our
behavior and
experience even
though we are unaware
of these underlying
influences

7. Freud’s Psychosexual Development
• Personality develops primarily in the
Unconscious Mind
• Three Structures of Personality
– ID
– EGO
– SUPEREGO

8. Freud’s Psychosexual Development
• ID
– Innate
– Seeks immediate gratification
– “pleasure is good and nothing else matters”
– Libido (psychosexual energy) was described as
the driving force behind pleasure-seeking
behavior

9. Freud’s Psychosexual Development
• EGO
– Rational : obeys Reality Principle
– Develops in the first 2 years of life
– Holds ID in check and helps it achieve
gratification within confines of reality

10. Freud’s Psychosexual Development
• SUPEREGO
– Learned
– Inhibits the ID urges : complete counterpart
– Works as the moral consciousness of the mind
(tells us what is right and wrong)

11. DEFENSE MECHANISMS
• Ways of thinking
about a situation that a
person might use to
reduce anxiety
• Anxiety is produced
from the conflict of the
ID, EGO and
SUPEREGO

12. Freud’s Psychosexual Development
• Personality develops through a series of
childhood stages during which the pleasure-
seeking energies of the ID become focused
on certain erogenous areas

13. Freud’s Psychosexual Development
• If each stage is successful = healthy
personality
• If certain issues not resolved
– FIXATION is a persistent focus on an earlier
psychosexual stage. The individual will remain
“stuck” in this stage if not resoled

15. THE ORAL STAGE
• AGE : 0-2 years old (infancy)
• PLEASURE : Oral Stimulation
– Rooting and sucking reflex is important
– The mouth is vital for eating, therefore survival
• CONFLICT : Weaning Process
– The child must become less dependent upon
caretakers

16. THE ORAL STAGE
• SUCCESS : develops a sense of trust
and comfort
– Infant is entirely depended upon caretakers who
are responsible for feeding the child
• FIXATION :
– individual would have issues with dependency or
aggression
– Problems in drinking, eating, smoking., or nail
biting

18. THE ANAL STAGE
• AGE : 2-3 years old
• PLEASURE : Controlling Bladder and
Bowel movements
• CONFLICT : Toilet Training

19. THE ANAL STAGE
• SUCCESS : Competent, Productive
and Creative Adults
– There is a sense of accomplishment and
independence
– depends upon the way in which parents
approach toilet training
– Praise and rewards encourage positive outcomes
and help children feel productive

20. THE ANAL STAGE
• FIXATION :
– Anal-Expulsive Personality
• Parents are too lenient
• Individual has a messy, wasteful, or destructive
personality
– Anal-Retentive Personality
• Parents are too strict
• Individual is stringent, orderly, rigid and obsessive

22. THE PHALLIC STAGE
• AGE : 3-7 years old
• PLEASURE : Genitals (Self-Pleasure)
• CONFLICT :
– Oedipus Complex
• Boy develops sexual (pleasurable) desires for his
mother
• Want to possess his mother exclusively and get rid of
his father

23. THE PHALLIC STAGE
• AGE : 3-7 years old
• PLEASURE : Genitals (Self-Pleasure)
• CONFLICT :
– Oedipus Complex
• But the boy thinks that if his father finds out, his
father would take away what he loves the most.
During this stage, what the boy loves the most is his
penis. This is called castration anxiety.

24. THE PHALLIC STAGE
• CONFLICT :
– Electra Complex
• Less than satisfactory
• Girl desires the father but realizes she does not have
a penis
• This leads to development of penis envy and the wish
to be a boy

25. THE PHALLIC STAGE
• SUCCESS :
– Identification – internally adopting the values,
attitudes and behaviors of another person
• the little boy sets out to resolve this problem by
imitating, copying and joining in masculine dad-type
behaviors

26. THE PHALLIC STAGE
• FIXATION :
– Repression
• The girl blames her mother for her “castrated state”
and this creates great tension
• The girl then represses her feelings to remove tension
and identifies with the mother to take on the female
gender role. She represses her desire for her father
and substituting the wish for a penis with the wish for
a baby

28. THE LATENCY STAGE
• AGE : 7-11 years old
• PLEASURE : Intellectual pursuits and
Social Interaction
– Libido is dormant and suppressed
– Begins around the time children go to school
and become more concerned with peer
relationships, hobbies and other interests
– Time of exploration

29. THE LATENCY STAGE
• AGE : 7-11 years old
• PLEASURE : Intellectual pursuits and
Social Interaction
– Sexual energy is still present but is directed to
other areas in intellectual pursuits and social
interactions
– Play becomes confined to other children of the
same gender

30. THE LATENCY STAGE
• SUCCESS :
– Development of Social and Communication
Skills and Confidence
– Developing the Defense Mechanisms

33. THE GENITAL STAGE
• AGE : 11 to Adulthood
• PLEASURE : Heterosexual Pleasure
rather than Self-Pleasure
• CONFLICT : Fixation in other
Psychosexual Stages

34. THE GENITAL STAGE
• SUCCESS :
– Well-balanced, warm and caring individual
– Settling down in a loving one-to-one
relationship with another person in our 20’s
– Proper outlet of sexual instincts through
heterosexual intercourse

35. THE GENITAL STAGE
• FIXATION : Sexual Perversions
– Fixation at Oral Stage may result to a person
gaining sexual pleasure primarily from kissing and
oral sex rather than sexual intercourse

36. REFERENCES
• McLeod, S. A. (2008). Psychosexual
Stages. Retrieved from
www.simplypsychology.org/psychosexual.ht
ml
• Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual
Development by Kendra Van Wagner

37. CHARADES TIME!