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- 1. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Power System Protection S.A.Soman Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Bombay Power System Protection
- 2. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction 1 Overview Electrical Energy Systems Types of Protection 2 Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays 3 Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? 4 Summary
- 3. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction 1 Overview Electrical Energy Systems Types of Protection 2 Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays 3 Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? 4 Summary
- 4. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction Electrical Energy is Generated at few kV and stepped up. Transmitted through AC and HVDC lines. Stepped down and distributed at load centers. Its natural mode of synchronous operation knits the system together.
- 5. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction
- 6. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction Why do we need protection? Electrical apparatus operates at various voltage levels and may be enclosed or placed in open. Under abnormal operating conditions protection is necessary for Safety of electrical equipments. Safety of human personnel.
- 7. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction 1 Overview Electrical Energy Systems Types of Protection 2 Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays 3 Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? 4 Summary
- 8. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction Types of Protection Apparatus Protection System Protection
- 9. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction Types of Protection Apparatus Protection Transmission Line Protection Transformer Protection Generator Protection Motor Protection Busbar Protection System Protection
- 10. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction Types of Protection Apparatus Protection Transmission Line Protection Transformer Protection Generator Protection Motor Protection Busbar Protection System Protection Out-of-Step Protection Under-frequency Relays Islanding Systems Rate of Change of Frequency Relays
- 11. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction 1 Overview Electrical Energy Systems Types of Protection 2 Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays 3 Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? 4 Summary
- 12. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction What is a Relay? A relay is a logical element which process the inputs (mostly voltages and currents) from the system and issues a trip decision if a fault within its jurisdiction is detected. Inputs to a relay are Current from a current transformer. Voltage from a voltage transformer.
- 13. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction
- 14. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction 1 Overview Electrical Energy Systems Types of Protection 2 Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays 3 Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? 4 Summary
- 15. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction Evolution of Relays If we zoom into a relay, we can see three different types of realization: Electromechanical Relays. Solid State Relays. Numerical Relays.
- 16. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction Electromechanical Relays First generation of relays. Uses the principle of electromechanical energy conversion. Immune to electromagnetic interference and rugged.
- 17. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction Solid State Relays These relays were developed with the advent of transistors, operational amplifiers etc. Their functionality is through various operations like comparators etc. Their advantages are More flexible. Self checking facility. Less power consumption and low burden. Improved dynamic perfomance characteristics. High seismic withstand capacity. Reduced panel space.
- 18. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction Numerical Relays Operation of a numerical relay involves analog to digital conversion of voltage and currents obtained from VT and CTs. These samples are fed to the microprocessor or DSP where the protection algorithms process these signals and necessary decisions are taken.
- 19. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction Its advantages are Maximum flexibility. Provides multiple functionality. Self checking and communication facility. It can be made adaptive.
- 20. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction 1 Overview Electrical Energy Systems Types of Protection 2 Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays 3 Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? 4 Summary
- 21. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction What is a Circuit Breaker? A circuit breaker is basically a switch to interrupt the flow of current. It opens on relay command. It has to handle large voltages and currents. The inductive nature of power system results in arcing between the terminals of a CB. CBs are categorized based on the interrupting medium used.
- 22. Power System Protection S.A.Soman Overview Electrical Energy Systems Typesof Protection Relays Introduction Evolution of Relays Circuit Breaker What is a circuit breaker? Summary Introduction Summary Necessity of a protection system. Types of Protection. Three generations of relays. Role of circuit breakers.