Production Technology of Balango
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Adnan Niazi Department of Agronomy Mphil Scholar at BZU (BahauddinZakriyaUniversity, Multan) +92-303-8701782
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1) Lettuce is an important vegetable crop grown in temperate and tropical countries. It originated in the Mediterranean region and was spread throughout Europe by Greek and Roman civilizations.
2) There are several varieties of lettuce including head varieties like butterhead and crisphead, as well as non-heading varieties like romaine, leaf, and stem lettuce.
3) Lettuce grows best in cool temperatures with adequate moisture and nutrients. It is commonly affected by fungal diseases like damping off and downy mildew as well as insects like aphids and cabbage loopers. Proper spacing, irrigation, fertilization and pest management are needed to maximize lettuce production.
Sweet gourd production technology
1. Sweet gourd is a perennial vine native to Southeast Asia. It is cultivated in tropical regions from India to Japan and Malaysia.
2. The document discusses the botany, climate needs, propagation methods, fertilizer use, pests and diseases, varieties, and harvesting of sweet gourd. It also provides details on processing the fruits for preservation.
3. The main variety discussed is Arka Neelachal Gaurav, which produces dark green oval fruits averaging 50g in weight and yields 12-15 kg per plant per season.
Leafy vegetables
This document provides information on cultivation practices for several leafy vegetables: spinach, fenugreek, amaranthus, coriander, radish. For each crop, it discusses soil and climate requirements, sowing methods, seed rates, popular varieties, fertilizer use, common pests and diseases, irrigation needs, and harvesting. The conclusion discusses two common diseases of spinach (leaf spot and wilt) and three diseases of fenugreek (leaf spot, wilt, powdery mildew) along with control methods tested.
Carrot
The document provides information about the carrot plant. It discusses the botanical name, family, origin, pollination system, chromosome number, physical description, major producing states and countries, nutritional value, soil and climate requirements, cultivation practices including land preparation, planting, manuring, irrigation, and harvesting. It concludes with information on grading, packaging, and storage of carrots.
Production technology of onion and garlic
Production technology of bulb crop.
Production technology of Onion and garlic.
Cool season vegetables.
Cultivation of onion and garlic.
Diseases of onion and garlic
Production technology of onion ppt
Aloe vera benefits, production and diseases
Aloe vera is a drought-resistant perennial plant native to North Africa and Spain. It has thick fleshy leaves containing various vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and amino acids that give it strong medicinal properties. It is often called the 'miracle plant' due to its ability to heal wounds and soothe burns, digestion issues, and immune function. Aloe vera is commercially cultivated by planting offshoots in well-draining soil and providing irrigation during establishment and drought periods. Harvesting of leaves can begin after 7-8 months when they are cut with a sickle.
basil.pptx
Basil is a native to tropical regions from Central Africa to Southeast Asia. It is an annual shrub growing 2-4 feet tall with rich green ovate leaves. Basil requires well-draining soil and temperatures between 14-30°C to grow. Pests include leaf rollers and lacewings controlled through insecticide sprays. Basil is used for medicinal purposes to treat conditions like stomach issues, headaches, and snake bites. It is also used in aromatherapy and skin products for acne. Leaves are harvested, dried, and processed into products like oil and powder.
Spine gourd
Spine gourd, popularly known as kankad and kartoli.
Its vines are annual. The crop planted, once will give yield at least three to four years or so.
The tubers are left in situ and they over winter.
Spine gourd is underutilized vegetables of high nutritional, medicinal and economic value.
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Production Technology of Balango
- 2. BALANGO Submitted By: Adnan Ashraf Niazi University college of Agriculture, UOS
- 3. NOMENCLATURE Botanical Name: Lallemantia royleana Family: Labiatae English Name: Lallemantia Urdu Name: Tukham balangu, Common name: Sweet basil
- 4. HISTORY AND ORIGIN Widely grown in different parts of Afghanistan, Turkestan, Pakistan, India, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Europe. In Pakistan, extensively cultivated in Bhakkar, Layyah, Hasilpur, Chishtian and Bahawalpur.
- 5. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION The plants are annual, biennial, or perennial, white hairy, herbaceous in nature. Height: 1.5-2 feet Leaves: Green and are petiolate or sessile sub-entire Seed: Small globular pone, dark brown or black colour, thin and terminal is convex with a notch (small cut).
- 6. S
- 7. PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY Soil: Fertile soil and irrigated areas are favourable. Seed bed preparation: Prepare fine seed bed by using 3-4 Time Cultivator + 1 Time Planker Roni Again 2 Time Cultivator + 1 Time Planker
- 8. CONTINUE….. Spread 5 – 6 trolleys of Farm yard manure/ acre on soil and then mix in soil with plough. Seed rate: 2.5 kg / acre Sowing Time: October is best for sowing. Late sowing resulted in low yield.
- 9. CONTINUE…. Sowing Method: Two methods. 1) Ridge method: Row - Row distance: 1.5 feet Plant – Plant distance: 7 or 8 inch 2) In watter condition seed can be sown in lines Row - Row distance: 1 feet Plant – Plant distance: 7 or 8 inch Not seed sown more then 1 inch depth in both methods.
- 10. IRRIGATION Immediately irrigate the field after ridge sowing. After two weeks of germination by interval of 7 – 10 days irrigate the crop. In February, less water is required because maturity start.
- 11. HARVESTING AND YIELD In end February, maturity start. In March, maturity complete, harvest plants. After cutting plants should be sun dry for one week. Then separate seeds from plants by manual beating with sticks. 250 kg/acre.
- 12. DISEASES Root rot Damping off Powdery mildew Downy mildew
- 13. BENEFITS o Commonly employed for: o Seeds are soaked in water and then added to summer sherbets and faluda for its well known cooling effect. Having nutritional, human health improvement and medicinal potential. The relief of joint inflammation, any painful disorder of the joints. Also used in the treatment of fever, common cold and as expectorant during. Used in gastrointestinal problems, decrease stomach acidity
- 14. CONTINUE…… Useful for heart patients, decrease heart weakness. For treatment of various purposes such respiratory ailments, kidney and urinary disorders. Decrease thirst in hotness. Good source of fiber, protein and oil. Balangu seeds also have rheological behavior.