This document provides an overview of garlic, including its introduction, nutritional value, varieties, production, and plant protection. Some key points: - Garlic is used as a spice and condiment throughout India and has antioxidant properties that promote heart and immune health. - Major garlic producing countries include the USA, Egypt, China, Korea, and India. The state of Maharashtra is a major producer in India. - Garlic has high nutritional value and is a source of carbohydrates, protein, phosphorus, vitamins and minerals. - Popular garlic varieties developed in India include Bhima Omkar, Bhima Purple, and Yamuna Safed-5.

1. WELCOME
Presented by
Vikrant Vishnu Padge
MSc. Horticulture (Vegetable Science)

2. BN :- Allium sativum
Family :- Alliaceae
Cn. No.(2n) :- 16
Origin :- Central Asia
GARLIC

3.  INTRODUCTION :-
Used as Spice and condiments throughout the India.
Garlic promotes the wellbeing of the heart, immune systems with
antioxidant properties
Helps to maintain healthy blood circulation.
Major garlic growing countries-
USA
Egypt
China
Korea
India

4.  INTRODUCTION :-
Used as Spice and condiments throughout the India.
Garlic promotes the wellbeing of the heart, immune systems with
antioxidant properties
Helps to maintain healthy blood circulation.
Major garlic growing countries-
USA
Egypt
China
Korea
India
MPGujrat
Mharashtra
Rajastan
UP
WB

5.  NUTRITIONAL VALUE:-
Rich source -
Ascorbic acid content is quite high in green garlic.
Carbohydrates (29g/100g)
Protein (6.3g/100g)
Phosphorous (310 mg/100g)
Thiamine (0.16 mg/100g)
Riboflavine (0.23mg/100g)
Calcium (30mg/100g).

6.  AREA & PRODUCTION :-
Production and productivity of garlic in India is very low.
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
(Estimated)
Area Production Area Production Area Production
231 1252 262 1425 262 1425
NHB Database 2015
Area in '000 Ha
Production in '000 MT

7.  CLIMATE :-
Wide range of climatic conditions.
Cannot stand too hot or too cold weather.
Prefers moderate temperature in summer as well as in winter.
Short days promote secondary growth and suppressed bulbing.
Optimum temperature for bulb formation : 25-300C
Elevations of 1000 to 1300 m above MSL.

8.  SOIL :-
Well drained, fertile soils suited.
Soil pH between 6 to 7.
Soil should be well tilled to provide a loose growing bed for bulb
development.
The soil must be kept evenly moist because dry soil will cause
irregularly shaped bulbs.
Tolerate salinity : 5.60 to 7.80 dsm-1 EC.

9.  VARIETIES:-
The varieties developed by NHRDF (National Horticultural Research
and Development Foundation, Nasik, Maharashtra)
 Bhima Omkar :- (28/8/2015)
Matures in 120-135 days and average yield is 8-14 t/ha.
Produces medium size, compact, white bulbs.
Susceptible to Thrips.
Recommended for cultivation in Gujarat, Haryana,
Rajasthan and Delhi.

10.  Bhima Purple :- (28/8/2015)
Attractive purple skinned variety
Matures in 120-135 days.
Average yield is 6-7 t/ha.
Recommended for cultivation in Delhi, UP,
Haryana, Bihar, Punjab, Maharashtra, Karnataka
and AP.

11.  Yamuna Safed-5 :-
Matures in 150-160 days after planting.
Bulb white and big in size. about 4.5-5 cm in diameter.
Average yield 17-18 t/ha.
Recommended for cultivation in Delhi, UP, Haryana, Bihar, Punjab,
Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and AP.

12.  Agrifound White :- (13/04/1989)
Developed by mass selection from a local
collection obtained from Biharsharif area in Bihar.
Diameter 3.5 to 4.5 cm.
TSS 41%, Dry matter 42.78%
Good storer variety.
Average yield is 130 q/ha.

13.  Ooty-1
 Singapore red
 OTHER IMPORTANT VARIETIES:-
 Madrasii
 Cerole
 Tabiti
 Rajali

14.  PROPAGATION:-
Grown in two seasons.
1st season: June – July
2nd season: October – November
 SEASON:-
Garlic is propagated by cloves.
300 to 500 kg cloves/ha
Dibbling or Furrow planting.

15.  Dibbling -
The field is divided into small plots convenient for
irrigation
Cloves may be dibbled 5 to 7.5cm deep, keeping their
growing ends upwards at a distance 7.5×15 cm
 Furrow planting: -
The furrows are made 15 cm.
In these furrows, cloves are dropped by hand 7.5 to 10
cm apart.
They are covered lightly with loose soil and a light
irrigation is given.

16.  MANURES & FERTILISERS :-
25 tonnes of FYM is applied as a basal dose.
60 kg Nitrogen and 50 kg each of Phosphorus and Potash.
Forty five days after planting, 60 kg Nitrogen is applied again as top
dressing.
 IRRIGATION:-
Garlic needs irrigation at 8 days intervals during vegetative growth and
10-15 days during maturation.

17.  HARVESTING:-
Ready in 4 ½ to 5 months
Maturity indices- leaves start turing yellowish or brownish and show
signs of drying.
Plants are pulled out and tied into small bundles
Keep them in field for 2-3 days.
 YIELD:-
50 to 110 q/ha.

18.  PLANT PROTECTION :-
 Important Pests-
 Thrips-
Thrips cause withering of leaves.
Controlled by spraying Methyl dematon 25 EC 1 ml/lit.
 Nematode-
Controlled by the application of Carbofuran 3 G 1 kg
a.i./ha 30 days after planting.

19.  Important Diseases-
White rot: Sclerotium cepivorum, S. rolfsii
Leaves decay at the base, turn yellow, wilt and topple over
Roots and bulbs covered with a fluffy white mycelium
Affected bulbs may become watery, and the outer scales crack as the bulb dries
and shrinks
Management
Rotating out of Allium crops for ten years
Destroying infected tissue and Planting disease free seed stock.
Seed dressing with carbendazim (100-150 g/kg of seed)

20. Basal rot: Fusarium oxysporum
Plants - show reduced emergence, yellowing or browning
(necrosis) of leaves beginning at tips
Reduced bulb size, bulb decay, and brown, poorly developed
root systems
Deep cracks form in the cloves,
Management
Avoid rotations with Allium spp.(e.g. onions and leeks).
Store bulbs at cool temperatures and low humidity with good ventilation
Avoid storing damaged bulbs

21.  REFFERENCES:-
 Vegetable Crops production technology
- M.S.Fageria, B.R.Choudhari, R.S.Dhaka
 TNAU Agritech Portal
 NHRDF (National Horticultural Research and Development Foundation,
Nasik, Maharashtra)
 A text book of Glaustus of Olericulture
- R. Selvakumar